UC-NRLF 


*B    m*0    T7D 


BERKELEY 

LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY    Of 
CALIFORNIA  1 


V 


UK.  J.*....     .«OlfiILL 


A   TENNYSON    DICTIONARY 


Uniform  With  this  Volume. 

DICTIONARIES  TO  FAMOUS 
AUTHORS. 

Dickens.  A.  J.  Philip. 

Thackeray.      L  G.  Mudge  and  M.  E.  Sears. 

Scott  (Waverley  Novels).     M.  F.  A.  Husband. 

Kipling.  W.  A.  Young. 

Thomas  Hardy.  F.  Saxelby. 

Oscar  Wilde.  Stuart  Mason. 

Zola   (Rougon-Macquart  Novels). 

J.  G.  Patterson. 

Medieval  Romance  and  Romance  Writers. 

Lewis  Spence. 


A 
TENNYSON  DICTIONARY 

THE  CHARACTERS  AND  PLACE-NAMES  CONTAINED 

IN  THE  POETICAL  AND  DRAMATIC  WORKS 

OF     THE     POET,    ALPHABETICALLY 

ARRANGED  AND   DESCRIBED 

WITH  SYNOPSES  OF  THE  POEMS  AND  PLAYS 


By 
ARTHUR  E.   BAKER,  F.R.Hist.S.,  F.L.A.: 

Author  of 

"  A  Brief  Account  of  the  Public  Library  Movement  in 

Taunton,"    "A  Concordance   to  the   Poetical 

and  Dramatic  Works  of  Alfred,   Lord 

Tennyson,"  etc. 


LONDON 
GEORGE  ROUTLEDGE  &  SONS,   LTD 

New  York  :    E.  P.  DUTTON  &  CO 


3*727$" 


Ma/As/ 


Defcicatefc 

To  the   Memory  of 

CLARA, 

Who,  after  an  illness  borne  with  fortitude  and  patience, 
passed  away  on  May  31st,   1914. 


M852953 


INTRODUCTORY    NOTE 

The  success  which  has  attended  the  publication  of  my  Tennyson  Con- 
cordance in  1 91 2,  has  prompted  me  to  undertake  the  compilation  of 
this  Dictionary. 

The  book  is  intended  as  a  work  of  reference  for  all  lovers  of  Tenny- 
son's works.  Its  principal  function  is  to  identify  and  describe  the 
multitudinous  characters,  place-names,  etc. — whether  fictitious  or 
historical — created  or  utilized  by  the  Poet ;  anything,  therefore,  in  the 
nature  of  criticism  is  entirely  outside  its  scope. 

The  two  chief  features  claimed  for  this  compilation  are  brevity  and 
accuracy.  The  Synopses  furnish  a  short  explanatory  account  of  the 
Poems  and  Plays,  and  the  Dictionary  proper  a  short  description  of 
the  characters  and  place-names,  together  with  the  names  of  towns, 
rivers,  horses,  birds,  flowers,  etc.     In  all  there  are  some  2,040  entries. 

A  list  of  the  books  consulted  or  quoted  throughout  the  work  is 
appended  ;  and  for  the  valuable  information  obtained  from  them  I 
take  this  opportunity  of  expressing  my  acknowledgments. 

A.  E.  B. 


vu 


SYNOPSES  OF  THE  POEMS  AND  PLAYS 


ACHILLES  OVER  THE  TRENCH. 

A  rendering  of  the  Iliad 
xviii.  202,  recounting  the  help 
given  to  Achilles  by  Pallas  and 
the  consequent  rout  of  the 
Trojans. 

ADELINE. 

Five  stanzas  written  to  a 
certain  '  spiritual  Adeline  '  to 
describe  her  charms. 

AKBAR'S  DREAM. 

A  supposed  conversation  in 
blank  verse  between  Akbar,  the 
great  Mogul  who  ruled  India 
from  1565  to  1605  a.d.,  and 
his  intimate  friend  Abul  Fazl. 
The  poem  is  prefaced  by  a 
quotation  from  the  writings  of 
Abul  Fazl.  Akbar  was  one  of 
the  most  tolerant  rulers  who 
ever  lived.  No  creeds  were 
condemned  by  him,  and  he 
invented  a  new  religion  which 
aimed  at  being  a  sort  of  epitome 
of  the  best  in  all  beliefs.  In 
this  poem,  he  tells  Abul  Fazl 
that  the  cause  of  a  temporary 
depression  is  the  shadow  cast  by 
an  evil  dream.  He  then  ex- 
pounds his  theory  of  life  and 
religion  to  Abul.  His  opinion 
is  that  God  is  in  all  creeds  and 
that  the  one  intolerable  thing 

T.D. 


is  intolerance.  But  now  and 
then  a  doubt  asserts  itself — as 
when  he  is  troubled  by  dreams 
such  as  the  one  that  he  has 
recently  dreamed.  In  it,  he 
thought  he  had  built 

'  a  sacred 
fane, 

A     temple,   neither    Pagod, 
Mosque,  nor  Church,' 
in  which  people   of  all  creeds 
might   worship,  and  in  which 
might  dwell 

'  Truth 
and  Peace 

And  Love  and  Justice ' 
But  while  he  and  Abul  stood 
looking  at,  and  rejoicing  in  their 
work  there  was  tumult,  and  in 
burst  Akbar's  well-loved  son 
Saleem,  and  slew  both  his 
father  and  Abul.  '  Death ' 
however  '  had  ears  and  eyes/ 
and  Akbar  saw  his  son  despoiling 
the  fair  building  and  ruining  a 
life-work.  After  a  time  came  some 
people  from  the  west,  '  an  alien 
race,'  and  again  built  up  the 
law  of  toleration  and  equity, 
abolishing  such  monstrous  prac- 
tices as  suttee  and  child-mar- 
riage. The  poem  ends  with  a 
morning  hymn  to  the 

1  Timeless  in  the 
flame  that  measures  Time  ! ' 


ALEX] 

ALEXANDER. 

A  Sonnet  to  Alexander,  de- 
scribing him  as 

1  Warrior    of    God,    whose 
strong  right  arm   debased 
The  throne  of  Persia,' 

ALL  THINGS  WILL  DIE. 

A  lament  that  the  inevitable 
end  of  all  things,  however 
beautiful  and  full  of  life,  is 
death.  Even  the  blue  river, 
and  the  south  winds  will  cease, 

'  And  the  old  earth  must  die.' 

AMPHION. 

The  supposed  writer  of  this 
rather  merry  poem  had  been  left 
a  park  by  his  father.  The 
poem  voices  his  regret  that 
he  was  not  born  in  the  days 
when  '  Old  Amphion  '  sat  down 
and  sung,  and  '  left  a  small 
plantation ; '  In  those  days, 
Nature  was 

1  So  youthful    and  so    flexile 

You  moved  her  at  your 
pleasure.' 
and  trees  sprang  up  at  the 
twanging  of  a  fiddle.  But  *  in 
such  a  brassy  age  '  as  the  pre- 
sent, '  months  of  toil,  And 
years  of  cultivation  '  are  needed 
to  make 

'  at  the  end  of  all 
A  little  garden  blossom.' 

ANCIENT  SAGE. 

An  ancient  sage  gives  a  young 
man  of  fashion  good  advice  in 
the  form  of  a  commentary  on 
a  despairing  song  which  the 
latter  had  written.    The  youth 


[AYL 

is  bidden  to  give  up  pleasure, 
and  devote  himself  to  temper- 
ance and  good  works. 

AUDLEY  COURT. 

A  short  poem  in  blank  verse. 
The  writer  and  his  friend 
1  Francis  Hale,  the  farmer's 
son,'  are  crowded  out  of  the 
Bull  and  the  Fleece  Inns,  and 
so  are  forced  to  picnic  at  Aud- 
ley  Court.  After  they  have 
eaten  of  home-made  bread  and 
pastry,  they  discuss  politics, 
the  king,  and  matters  nearer 
home.  Lastly,  they  end  the 
picnic  by  entertaining  one  an- 
other with  songs.  Francis  sings 
a  song,  the  refrain  of  which  is 
1  Let  me  live  my  life,'  while  his 
friend's  choice  falls  upon  a 
mournful  song  of  one  Ellen 
Aubrey.  After  this  the  two 
friends  return  at  nightfall  to 
the  quiet  town 

'  beneath  a  moon,  that,  just 
In  crescent,  dimly  rain'd  about 

the  leaf 
Twilights  of  airy  silver.' 

The  poem  was  suggested  by 
Abbey  Park  at  Torquay,  and 
closes  with  a  description  of  Tor- 
quay, as  it  was  in  Tennyson's 
youth,  '  the  loveliest  sea-village 
in  England.' 

AYLMER'S  FIELD. 

A  narrative  poem  in  blank 
verse.  The  story  is  supposed 
to  have  been  told  to  the  writer 
by  an  old  vicar  of  the  place 
where  the  events  narrated  in 
the  story  took  place.  Sir  Ayl- 
mer     Aylmer     was     a     typical 


AYLJ 


[BAN 


country  squire.  He  lived  in  a 
magnificent  house,  and  took 
great  pride  in  his  ancestry. 
The  Aylmers  had  always  been 
friendly  with  the  vicars  of  the 
place — an  office  which  was 
always  held  by  the  eldest  son  of 
the  Averill  family,  and  so 
descended  from  father  to  son 
with  great  regularity.  At  the 
time  the  story  opens,  sir  Aylmer 
and  his  wife  had  an  only  daugh- 
ter, just  five  years  younger 
than  Leolin  Averill,  the  younger 
brother  of  Averill  Averill,  who 
was  then  vicar.  Leolin  and 
Edith  Aylmer  grew  up  to- 
gether, and  as  they  grew  older 
their  childish  comradeship 
changed  to  love.  Sir  Aylmer 
suspected  nothing — indeed  he 
deemed  it  impossible  that  an 
Averill  should  dream  of  linking 
himself  with  an  Aylmer.  One 
day,  however,  he  overheard 
some  conversation  between  his 
daughter  and  Leolin  Averill 
which  revealed  the  fact  that 
they  were  indeed  lovers.  He 
and  his  wife  rated  their  daugh- 
ter severely,  and  forbade  Leolin 
to  have  anything  more  to  do 
with  her.  Leolin,  in  a  passion 
of  grief  and  anger,  sought  his 
brother  Averill  and  confided 
to  him  his  intention  of  making 
a  great  name  and  returning  to 
marry  Edith.  In  accordance 
with  this  resolve  he  went  to 
London  and  worked  at  the  law, 
occasionally  receiving  letters, 
secretly  sent,  from  Edith.  But 
one  day  sir  Aylmer  intercepted 


one  of  these  letters  and  the 
correspondence  was  stopped. 
Edith,  denied  all  intercourse 
with  her  lover,  gradually  pined 
and  died.  On  the  day  of  her 
death,  Leolin  was  found  stabbed 
by  his  own  hand  with  a  dagger 
Edith  had  given  him.  The 
elder  Averill  preached  a  savage 
indictment  of  the  cruel  parents 
from  the  text,  '  Behold  your 
house  is  left  unto  you  desolate.' 
The  passionate  sermon  wrought 
such  remorse  in  sir  Aylmer  and 
his  wife  that  they,  too,  died. 
Aylmerston  in  Norfolk  is  said 
to    be  the   scene  of   the  poem. 

BALLAD  OF  ORIANA. 

Describes  a  soldier's  woe, 
who  after  pledging  his  troth 
to  the  beautiful  Oriana,  went 
bravely  into  battle,  only  to  see 
his  betrothed,  who  was  watch- 
ing him  from  the  castle,  pierced 
through  the  heart  by  an  arrow. 

BANDIT'S  DEATH. 

The  bandit  carries  a  woman 
to  his  cave  after  murdering 
her  husband,  Piero.  She  lives 
in  hatred  of  the  murderer,  but 
her  dislike  is  lessened  by  the 
arrival  of  a  son.  With  the 
police  on  his  track,  the  Bandit 
accidentally  strangles  the  child 
as  he  utters  a  cry.  He  is  sorry 
for  his  action,  but  the  woman, 
her  loathing  revived,  stabs  him 
as  he  sleeps,  and  cutting  off 
his  head,  puts  it  in  a  cloth,  and 
carries  it  away  with  her. 


BAT] 


[BEG 


BATTLE  OF  BRUNANBURH. 

Describes  the  defeat  and 
slaughter  of  the  army  of  Anlaf 
and  Constantius  the  traitor, 
by  Athelstan  and  his  brother 
Edmund. 

BEAUTIFUL  CITY. 

A  short  description  of  Paris, 
'  the  centre  and  crater  of  Euro- 
pean confusion.' 

BECKET. 

A  play  in  blank  verse  in  five 
acts  preceded  by  a  Prologue. 
Prologue.  King  Henry  and 
Thomas  Becket,  chancellor  of 
England,  are  seen  at  chess. 
Their  talk  is  friendly,  and 
the  king  proposes  making 
Becket  archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, and  gives  him  a  chart 
showing  the  bower  designed 
for  his  paramour  Rosamund, 
together  with  instructions  to 
convey  her  safely  thither. 
Eleanor  of  Aquitaine  plans 
with  Sir  Reginald  Fitzurse 
to  seize  Rosamund,  her  rival. 
Act  i.  Becket  finds  the  burden 
of  archbishoprick  and  chan- 
cellorship too  heavy  to  bear, 
and  returns  the  Great  Seal  to 
the  king,  resolving  hence- 
forth to  stand  for  the  Church 
even  against  Henry.  He 
saves  Rosamund  from  Fitz- 
urse and  Eleanor,  angers  the 
king  by  refusing  to  give  his 
seal  to  certain  laws  regarding 
the  trial  of  clerics,  and  finally 
flees  to  France  after  having 
feasted     beggars    instead    of 


the  angry  nobles  on  the  king's 
side. 

Act  ii.  Rosamund,  in  her 
bower,  pleads  with  Henry 
to  be  friends  with  Becket. 
Louis  of  France,  Becket,  and 
Henry  meet  at  Montmirail. 
Becket  refuses  to  crown  the 
king's  son.  Henry  goes  away 
in  a  rage  and  Louis,  hitherto 
friendly,  turns  Becket  out 
of  France,  but  soon  repents 
his  decision  and  invites 
Becket  to  stay. 

Act  iii.  Henry  and  Rosamund 
talk  in  the  bower.  A  new 
bower-maid  discloses  to  Rosa- 
mund the  fact — which  has 
been  kept  secret  from 
her  —  that  Henry  is  mar- 
ried to  Eleanor  of  Aquitaine. 
Eleanor  and  Fitzurse  spy  out 
the  bower.  Becket  and 
Henry  are  reconciled  in 
France  and  start  for  England. 

Act  iv.  Geoffrey,  child  of 
Henry  and  Rosamund,  leads 
Eleanor  to  his  mother. 
Eleanor  and  Fitzurse  offer 
to  murder  Rosamund,  but 
Becket  intervenes  in  time, 
and  saves  her,  and  sends  her 
to  a  convent. 

Act  v.  Henry  is  tricked  by 
Eleanor  and  her  knights  into 
great  anger  against  Becket. 
Four  knights  rush  off  and 
murder  the  archbishop  in 
Canterbury  Cathedral,  leaving 
Rosamund  by  the  body. 

BEGGAR  MAID. 

A    fair    beggar    maid     came 


BLA] 


[BRO 


barefooted  before  king  Co- 
phetua,  who  so  admired  her 
beauty  that  he  swore  an  oath 
that  he  would  make  her  his 
queen. 

BLACKBIRD,  THE. 

The  writer,  unlike  his  neigh- 
bours, welcomes  the  blackbird 
into  his  garden,  but  laments  the 
fact  that,  in  the  spring,  the 
bird's  beautiful  song  is  seldom 
heard,  as  he  is  too  intent  on 
feeding. 

BOADICEA. 

An   '  experiment '   describing 
how  queen  Boadicea 
*  Girt    by    half    the    tribes    of 

Britain,     near     the     colony 

Camulodune, 
Yell'd    and    shriek'd    between 

her    daughters    o'er   a   wild 

confederacy.' 
Her  speech  is  a  wild  denuncia- 
tion of  the  Roman  tyrants  of 
Britain  and  a  fierce  call  to  arms. 
In  answer  to  her  exhortation 
the  people  arose,  and 
'  Ran    the    land    with    Roman 

slaughter,  .  .  .' 

BREAK,  BREAK,  BREAK,  ETC. 

The  writer,  as  he  watches 
the  sea  ever  breaking  against 
the  rocks,  envies  the  fisher- 
man's boy  and  the  sailor  lad 
who  are  both  happy,  while  he 
longs 

*  for  the  touch  of  a  vanish'd 

hand, 
And  the  sound  of  the  voice  that 

is  still  !  ' 

The    scene    of   the    poem    is 


Clevedon  Church,  which  over- 
looks the  Bristol  Channel. 

BRIDESMAID,  THE. 

A  sonnet  describing  how  the 
bridesmaid,  who  shed  tears  at 
her  sister'e  wedding,  was  com- 
forted by  the  assurance  that 
she  too,  would  make  a  happy 
bride. 

BROOK,  THE. 

A  poem  in  blank  verse  de- 
scribing the  memories  aroused 
in  a  certain  Lawrence  Aylmer 
by  the  sight  of  the  brook  he  has 
known  since  childhood.  Here 
he  parted  with  a  poet  friend,  and 
here  too,  he  met  with  Katie 
Willows,  whose  father  Philip 
he  kept  occupied  with  talk  while 
Katie  met  her  lover.  But  now 
1  Katie  walks 
By  the  long  wash  of  Austra- 
lasian seas 
Far  off,  and  holds  her  head  to 

other  stars, 
And  breathes  in  April-autumns. 
All  are  gone.' 

Just  as  this  conclusion  is 
reached,  the  old  dreamer  looks 
up  and  is  astonished  to  find 
himself  face  to  face  with  a  girl 
so  like  the  old  Katie  that  he 
is  startled  and  inquires  her 
name.  '  Katie  Willows '  she 
says,  and  explains  the  seeming 
miracle  by  stating  that  she  is 
the  daughter  of  Katie  Willows 
the  first,  but  now  returned 
from  Australia.  Through  the 
poems  runs  the  well-known 
lyric,  beginning  : 


BUOj 


[CHA 


'  I  come  from  haunts  of  coot 
and  hern, 
I  make  a  sudden  sally,' 
the  supposed  reply  of  the  brook 
to  the  poet's  question 
'  O  babbling  brook,'  .  .  . 
1  Whence  come  you  ?  ' 

BUONAPARTE. 

A  patriotic  sonnet  to  Napo- 
leon glorying  in  the  way  Britain 
*  The  island  queen  who  sways 
the  floods  and  lands 
From  Ind  to  Ind,' 
'  taught  him  lowlier  moods '  at 
Trafalgar  and  in  Egypt. 

BY  AN  EVOLUTIONIST. 

The  soliloquy  of  a  man  who 
has  reached  old  age  with  his  ani- 
mal strength,  and  being  largely 
decayed  but 

'  the  Man  is    quiet  at  last 
As  he  stands  on  the  heights  of  his 
life  with  a  glimpse  of  a  height 
that  is  higher.' 

CAPTAIN,  THE. 

A  '  legend  of  the  Navy  '  in 
ballad  metre.  This  short  poem 
is  the  story  of  a  sea  captain  who 
earned  the  hatred  of  his  crew 
by  his  cruelty,  and  yet  thought 
to 

'  make  the  name 
Of  his  vessel  great  in  story.' 
One  day  he  sighted  a  ship  of 
France,  and  gave  orders  to 
advance  towards  her  and  give 
battle.  The  crew  waited  till 
they  were  alongside  and  then 
allowed  the  enemy  to  shoot 
them  down  and  destroy  their 
ship,    thus     revenging    them- 


selves   on    their    cruel    captain 
at  the  cost  of  their  own  lives. 

CARESSD    OR     CHIDDEN     BY 
THE  SLENDER  HAND. 

One  of  the  early  sonnets, 
describing  how 

1  Light   Hope   at   Beauty's   call 
would    perch    and   stand, 
And   run   thro'   every   change 
of  sharp  and  flat.' 

CHARACTER,  A. 

Five  stanzas,  half  playful 
description  of  man  who 

'  canvass'd  human  mysteries, 
And  trod  on  silk,  as  if  the  winds 
Blew  his  own  praises  in  his  eyes/ 

CHARGE   OF  THE   HEAVY 
BRIGADE  AT  BALACLAVA. 

A  stirring  practical  descrip- 
tion of  *  that  ride  into  the  Rus- 
sian column.' 

CHARGE      OF      THE      LIGHT 
BRIGADE. 

A  graphic  description  of  the 
famous  charge  of  the  Light 
Brigade  at  Balaclava,  when, 
owing  to  an  improperly  given 
command,  six  hundred  cavalry 
rode  to  almost  certain  death 
in  a  hopeless  attempt  to  cap- 
ture the  Russian  guns. 

CHARITY. 

A  woman,  whose  lover  deserts 
her  to  marry  an  heiress,  finds 
out  what  true  charity  is,  when, 
after  the  husband  has  been 
killed  in  a  railway  accident,  the 
young  widow  helps  and  tends 
her  in  her  hour  of  need. 


CHU]  7 

CHURCH-WARDEN    AND    THE 
CURATE,  THE. 

An  amusing  poem  in  dialect 
in  which  a  churchwarden,  for- 
merly a  Baptist,  gives  some 
useful  advice  to  a  young  curate. 
It  was  suggested  by  a  story  told 
to  the  poet  by  the  Rev.  Canon 
Rawnsley.    The  story  is  thus  : 

'  I  returned  to  my  father's 
parish,  Halton  Holgate,  near 
Spilsby,  in  Lincolnshire,  from 
my  ordination,  and  found  my 
father's  churchwarden,  G.  R., 
upon  the  platform.  He  saw 
I  had  a  white  tie  on,  and  he 
said  cheerily,  "Well,  Mr. 
Rownsley,  I  can  sea  by  that 
white  thing  round  youre  throat 
that  they've  gone  and  maade 
a  parson  on  you  !  " 

'"Well  well,"  he  added, 
1  God  Omighty  knows  theer 
mun  bea  parsons  as  well  as 
farmers,  and  you'd  be  a  fool  i' 
the  crewyard  along  o'  the 
beasts,  I  reckon,  and  I  should 
mebbe  bea  as  big  a  fool  in  the 
pulpit  o'  Sunday.  Now,  doant 
be  stunt,  I'm  youre  feyther's 
churchwarden,  and  I'm  goain' 
to  giv'  you  a  bit  o'  my  moind."  ' 

Rawnsley :    Memories   of    the 
Tennysons. 

CIRCUMSTANCE. 

A  single  stanza  tracing  '  two 
children  in  two  neighbouring 
villages,'  through  their  life  to 
the  second  generation  and  end- 
ing with  the  reflection 
*  So  runs  the  round  of  life  from 
hour  to  hour.' 


[COL 

CITY  CHILD,  THE. 

Two  stanzas  describing  the 
*  city  childs ' — *  the  dainty  little 
maidens ' — desire  for  the  plea- 
sures  of  the  country. 

CLARIBEL. 

Two  stanzas  descriptive  of 
the  beautiful  bower  '  where 
Claribel  low-lieth.' 

CLEAR    -    HEADED    FRIEND, 
WHOSE  JOYFUL  SCORN. 

Three  stanzas,  addressed  to 
a  friend,  who,  the  poet  declares, 
'  will  not  live  in  vain  '  and  goes 
on  to  predict  a  glorious  future 
for  his  evidently  gifted  friend. 

COLUMBUS. 

A  speech  put  into  the  mouth 
of  Columbus.  He  has  dis- 
covered a  new  world  and  is  now 
dying  in  chains  for  his  pains. 
He  is  evidently  speaking  to  a 
court  noble  come  to  visit  him. 
He  tells  of  all  his  struggles  to 
convince  people  that  the  earth 
was  a  sphere,  of  the  inward 
certainty,  through  all,  that  he 
was  chosen  of  God  to  do  his 
great  work  for  Spain,  and  of  his 
vow  that  whatever  wealth  he 
brought  from  the  new  world 
should  be  used  in  a  Crusade. 
He  bitterly  resents  his  chains 
and  the  worthless  men  who 
have  entered  into  the  heritage 
of  the  land  he  discovered. 
Nevertheless,  the  poem  ends 
on  a  fine  note  of  patriotism  : — 
'  Rack'd  as  I  am  with  gout,  and 
wrench'd  with  pains, 

Gain'd  in  the  service  of  His 
Highness,  yet 


COMJ 


8 


[DAI 


Am  ready  to  sail  forth  on  one 

last  voyage. 
And  readier,  if  the  King  would 

hear,  to  lead 
One  last  crusade  against  the 

Saracen, 
And  save  the  Holy  Sepulchre 

from  thrall.' 

COME  NOT,  WHEN  I  AM  DEAD. 

Two  stanzas  in  which  the 
poet  exhorts  his  child  not  to 
come  to  weep  over  his  grave 
but  to 

*  Pass  on,  weak  heart,  and  leave 
me  where  I  lie  : 
Go  by,  go  by.' 

CROSSING  THE  BAR. 

The  beautiful  and  last  poem 
beginning 
1  Sunset  and  evening  star, 

And  one  clear  call  for  me  ! ' 
in  which  the  poet  compares 
his  own  death  to  the  outgoing 
of  a  ship  over  the  harbour  bar 
into  the  open  sea. 

CUP,  THE. 

A  tragedy  in  blank  verse  in 

two  acts. 

Act  i.  Synorix,  a  Galatian  ex- 
Tetrarch  and  a  man  with  a 
reputation  of  loose  life,  re- 
turns to  the  temple  of  Artemis 
in  Galatia  in  search  of  a  priest- 
ess he  had  admired,  now  wife 
of  Sinnatus,  Tetrarch  of 
Galatia.  He  meets  Sinnatus 
while  hunting,  and  calling 
himself  Strato,  goes  in  the 
evening  to  the  Tetrarch's 
house  as  guest.  There  he 
tells  Camma,  Sinnatus'  wife, 


of  his  plan  of  leaguing  with 
Rome  for  the  sake  of  Galatia. 
He  also  tells  her  of  his  love 
and  that  it  was  he  who  earlier 
in  the  day  had  sent  her  a 
sacred  cup.  He  bids  her 
come  to  the  temple  in  the 
morning,  to  plead  with  the 
Roman  Antonius  for  the  life 
of  Sinnatus  who  has  been 
plotting  against  Rome.  The 
identity  of  Synorix  is  dis- 
covered, and  Sinnatus  drives 
him  out.  Camma  meets 
Synorix  at  dawn.  Sinnatus 
discovers  them  and  is  slain 
by  Synorix. 

Act  ii.  Camma  has  become  a 
priestess  in  the  temple  of 
Artemis.  Synorix  has  at- 
tained his  ambition  and  is 
king  of  Galatia  under  Rome. 
He  sends  messengers  implor- 
ing Camma  to  marry  him. 
She  consents,  and  awaits  his 
coming  in  the  temple.  Dur- 
ing the  marriage  ceremony 
she  fills  the  sacred  cup  he 
had  given  her  with  poisoned 
wine,  and,  after  drinking 
herself,  gives  it  to  him  to 
drain.  He  does  so,  and  pre- 
sently sickens  and  dies. 
Camma  dies  shortly  after, 
calling  on  the  name  of  Sin- 
natus. 
The  theme  of  the  tragedy  is 

taken  from  Plutarch's  Moralia. 

DAISY,  THE. 

A  memory,  written  at  Edin- 
burgh, of  what  was  apparently 
a  honeymoon  journey  in  Italy. 


DAW] 


[DEA 


The  writer — writing  to  his 
companion  of  the  journey — 
recalls  all  the  beautiful  things 
they  had  seen  together  in  Italy 
and  how,  as  they  were  leaving 
the  country,  he  plucked  a  daisy 
to  give  her — 
*  It  told  of  England  then  to  me, 

And  now  it  tells  of  Italy.' 
Though    he    is    now    '  ill    and 
weary,    alone    and    cold,'    the 
daisy,  in  fancy,  takes  him  once 
more  to  his  love's  side  in  Italy. 

DAWN,  THE. 

A  poem  in  five  stanzas,  pre- 
faced by  a  quotation  from  an 
Egyptian  priest — '  You  are  but 
children.'  The  poet  expresses 
the  view  that  the  present  is 
but  the  dawn  of  time — 

w  Red  of  the  Dawn  ! 

Is  it  turning  a  fainter  red  ?  so 

be  it,  but  when  shall  we  lay 

The  Ghost  of  the  Brute  that  is 

walking   and    haunting    us 

yet,  and  be  free  ?  ' 

All  time  till  present  has   been 

but  ■  red  of  the  Dawn  '  and  now 

it  is  but  '  turning  a  fainter  red.' 

The  Day,  that  is  to  see  a  better 

race  of  men,  is  yet  to  come. 

DAY-DREAM,  THE. 

A  young  man  deeply  in  love 
with  the  Lady  Flora,  tells  her 
his  vision  of  the  ancient  legend 
of  the  Sleeping  Beauty.  He 
describes,  in  beautiful  language, 
the  Sleeping  Palace  and  the 
Sleeping  Beauty  within  it,  who 
is  awakened,  after  a  hundred 
years,  by  a  kiss  from  the  Fairy 
Prince,    who    thus    breaks    the 


spell  and  sets  the  palace  buzzing 
with  renewed  life  and  activity. 
The  Prince  then  rides  off  with 
the  Princess,  and  both  are 
happy  in  their  love  for  one 
another. 

The  Moral,  the  young  man 
says,  is  hard  to  find,  but  many 
people  would  find  a  meaning 
suited  to  their  minds,  and  *  to 
hook  it  to  some  useful  end ' 
would  '  cramp  its  use.' 

He  goes  on  to  reflect  on  the 
pleasantness  of  falling  asleep  for 
some  time  and  waking  up  to 
find  things  bettered  and  fresh 
wonders  to  behold.  He  says 
that  he  would  gladly  slumber  for 
a  hundred  years  himself,  if,  at 
the  end  of  that  time  he  could 
awake  the  Lady  Flora  with  a 
kiss. 

DEAD  PROPHET,  THE. 

A  fierce  attack  upon  those 
who  make  dead  famous  men 
into  '  copy,'  dissecting  their 
lives  with  a  keen  eye  under  the 
pretence  of  reverence  for  the 
dead.  The  poem  is  the  story 
of  an  imaginary  '  dead  pro- 
phet '  and  the  indignities  heaped 
upon  his  body  by  the  old  hag 
1  Reverence.' 

DEATH  OF  03N0NE,  THE. 

The  beautiful  shepherd- 
prince,  Paris,  husband  of  the 
nymph  (Enone,  had  been  chosen 
by  the  gods  to  judge  which  of 
the  three  goddesses  Here,  Pallas 
or  Aphrodite,  was  the  most 
beautiful,  and  to  award  a  golden 
apple  to  his  choice.     Aphrodite 


DEA] 


10 


[DEF 


promised  him  the  beautiful 
Helen  of  Troy  to  wife  if  he 
would  give  her  the  apple.  He 
did  so,  and  deserted  GEnone 
for  Helen,  thus  causing  great 
war  and  bloodshed.  In  this 
poem  the  poet  tells  the  story 
of  his  return,  sore  wounded, 
to  be  cured  of  his  mortal  hurt 
by  CEnone,  who  refuses  pity 
to  him  who  had  no  pity  for 
her.  Paris  then  falls  dead,  and 
is  reverently  cremated  by  the 
shepherds  who  had  known  him 
in  his  youth.  At  dawn,  (Enone, 
who  all  night  has  been  troubled 
by  the  vision  of  her  husband's 
disfigured  face,  goes  forth,  and, 
finding  a  smouldering  funeral 
pyre  inquires  for  whom  it  has 
been  built.  On  hearing  whose 
body  lies  there,  she  casts  herself 
upon  the  pyre  and,  remember- 
ing only  her  early  happiness, 
dies  with  her  husband. 

DEATH    OF    THE    DUKE    OF 
CLARENCE  AND  AVONDALE. 

An  address  to  the  mourners 
for  the  Duke  of  Clarence,  who 
died  just  before  his  projected 
marriage  to  the  princess  May. 
Tennyson  bids  the  mourners 
'  mourn  in  hope  '  for 

'  after   his    brief   range   of 
blameless  days, 
The  toll  of  funeral  in  an  Angel 

ear 
Sounds  happier  than  the  mer- 
riest marriage-bell.' 

DEATH    OF   THE    OLD   YEAR, 
THE. 

A  lament  for  the  old  year — 


here  personified  as  an  old  man 
dying  at  the  stroke  of  twelve, 
while  the  new  year  is  spoken  of 
as  '  his  son  and  heir,'  who 
'  blithe  and  bold  ' 
'  Comes  up  to  take  his  own.' 

DEDICATION,  A. 

A  dedication  of  some  writing 
given  by  the  author  to  a  very 
dear  friend,   exhorting  him   to 

'  take  this  and  pray  that  he, 
Who  wrote  it,  honouring  your 

sweet  faith  in  him, 
May  trust  himself  ; ' 
through  all  mistrust,  and  scorn 
and  criticism. 

DEDICATORY   POEM    TO   THE 
PRINCESS  ALICE. 

A  short  dedication  of  the 
Defence  of  Lucknozv  to  the  dead 
princess  Alice,  daughter  of 
queen  Victoria.  The  poet 
makes  the  princess's  known 
patriotism  a  pretext  for  dedi- 
cating 

'  this  ballad  of  the  deeds 
Of  England,  and  her  banner  in 

the  East  ?  ' 
at  her  dead  feet. 

DEFENCE  OF  LUCKNOW. 

A  patriotic  poem  descriptive 
of  the  gallant  defence  of  Luck- 
now  by  a  '  handful  of  men  ' 
written  as  though  the  writer 
had  been  one  of  the  besieged 
army.  At  the  end  of  every 
stanza  is  the  triumphant  refrain 
'  And  ever  upon  our  topmost 

roof  the  banner  of  England 

blew  !  ' 
The    poem    describes    in    vivid 


DEM] 


II 


[DES 


language  the  horrors  of  the 
siege,  the  death  of  the  Com- 
mander '  Lawrence,  the  best 
of  the  brave,'  and  the  un- 
bounded joy  of  the  whole  gar- 
rison at  the  appearance  of  a 
relieving  force  with  Havelock 
and  Outram  in  command. 

Lucknow  was  one  of  the 
decisive  sieges  of  the  Indian 
Mutiny. 

DEMETER  AND  PERSEPHONE. 

A  monologue  spoken  by 
Demeter  the  earth-goddess  at 
the  return  of  her  daughter 
Persephone  from  the  dark  home 
of  her  husband,  the  monarch 
of  Hades.  Persephone,  accord- 
ing to  the  Greek  legend  of  the 
Spring,  had  been  stolen  away 
while  playing  in  a  field,  and 
taken  to  be  the  bride  of  '  dark 
Aidoneus,'  king  of  Hades.  But 
so  great  was  Demeter's  sorrow 
for  her  child  that  she  neglected 
to  bless  the  land  with  increase. 
So  Zeus  decreed  that  for  nine 
months  in  the  year  Persephone 
should  live  with  her  mother — 
the  other  three  to  be  spent  with 
her  husband  in  the  underworld. 
Demeter,  however,  is  but  '  ill- 
content,'  and  looks  forward  to 
the  time  when  Persephone  shall 
spend  the  whole  year  with  her. 
The  theme  is  taken  from  Ovid. 

DE  PROFUNDIS. 

A  poem  in  two  parts,  named 
respectively  The  Two  Greetings 
and  The  Human  Cry.  The 
first  part  is  subdivided,  and  con- 
tains  a   father's   greeting,   first, 


to  the  physical  being  of  his 
child,  after  the  '  nine  long 
months  of  antenatal  gloom,' 
and  secondly  to  the  spiritual 
being  of  the  child  '  half -lost 
In  thine  own  shadow  and  this 
fleshly  sign.'  The  Human  Cry 
is  a  shorter  poem  in  two  stanzas. 
In  it,  the  poet  voices  the  adora- 
tion of  man  towards  God — 
'  We  know  we  are  nothing — but 

Thou  wilt  help  us  to  be. 
Hallowed     be     Thy     name — 

Hallelujah  !  ' 

DESERTED  HOUSE. 

A  short  poem  in  five  stanzas, 
describing — in  the  simile  of 
a  deserted  house — a  dead  body. 
It  is  called  a  house  from  which 
'  Life  and  Thought  have  gone 
away 

•  •  • 

Leaving  door  and  windows 
wide :  ' 
The  last  verse  is  an  expression 
of  the  hope  of  immortality — 

'  Life  and  Thought 
Here  no  longer  dwell ; 
But  in  a  city  glorious — 
A  great  and  distant  city — have 
bought 
A  mansion  incorruptible.' 
Nevertheless  the  human  longing 
also  finds  voice  in  the  last  line — 
1  Would  they  could  have  stayed 
with  us  ! ' 

DESPAIR. 

A  man  and  his  wife  having 
lost  faith  in  a  God  and  hope 
of  a  life  to  come,  and  being 
miserable  in  this,  resolve  to  end 
themselves  by  drowning.     The 


DIR] 


12 


[DRE 


woman  is  drowned,  but  the  man 
rescued  by  a  minister  of  the 
sect  he  had  abandoned. 

DIRGE,  A. 

A  poem  in  seven  stanzas  the 
refrain  of  which  is  '  Let  them 
rave.'  The  dead  need  be 
troubled  by  no  discordant 
voices — 
4  God's    great    gift    of    speech 

abused  ' 
for  the  grave  is  quiet  and  only 
1  The  balm-cricket  carols  clear 
In   the   green   that   folds   thy 
grave.' 

DORA. 

A  narrative  poem  in  blank 
verse,  founded  on  a  story  in 
Miss  Mitford's  Our  Village. 
In  it,  the  poet  tells  the  story 
of  a  man  who  brought  up  his 
brother's  daughter  with  his  own 
son.  He  had  planned  a  mar- 
riage between  them,  and  when 
the  time  was  ripe  he  broached 
the  subject  to  his  son  William, 
who  refused  to  marry  his  cousin 
Dora,  and  left  his  father's  house 
to  marry  a  certain  Mary  Mor- 
rison. The  indignant  father 
forbad  Dora  to  see  or  communi- 
cate with  William  or  his  wife 
or  child.  William  died  in 
poverty,  leaving  his  widow  and 
small  son.  Dora  helped  them 
by  stealth,  and  at  last  persuaded 
Mary  to  let  her  have  the  child 
in  the  hope  that  her  uncle's 
heart  might  be  moved  to  com- 
passion. But  after  he  had 
agreed  to  adopt  the  boy  he  sent 
Dora     away     in     great     anger. 


Mary,  however,  refused  to  allow 
Dora  to  sacrifice  herself  for  the 
sake  of  the  boy,  and  they  went 
together  to  ask  for  the  child 
again.  The  father  was  so  moved 
by  his  daughter-in-law's  appeal 
and  by  the  winsomeness  of  his 
grandson  that  he  was  reconciled 
to  Dora  and  Mary — 

*  So  those  four  abode 
Within  one  house  together ; ' 

DOUBT  AND  PRAYER. 

A  short  prayer  in  which  the 
poet  prays  God 
'  Steel  me  with  patience  !  soften 

me  with  grief  ! ' 
Through  sorrow  and  even  sin, 
the    soul    finds    God,    but    the 
poet    here    prays    that    death 
may  not  come  to  him 
*  Till    this    embattled    wall    of 

unbelief 
My  prison,   not   my  fortress, 

fall  away  !  ' 

DREAMER,  THE. 

A  certain  man  dreamed  he 
heard  the  lament  '  a  voice  of 
the  Earth  '  of  one  who  said — 
'  To  the  wail  of  my  winds,  and 
the  moan  of  my  waves, 
I  whirl,  and  follow  the  Sun.' 
The  dreamer  thought  he  an- 
swered with  a  song,  counselling 
the  wailing  voice  to  remember 
that — 

*  all's  well  that  end's  well, 
Whirl,  and  follow  the  Sun  !  ' 

DREAM  OF  FAIR  WOMEN,  A. 

The  poet  had  been  musing 
on  Chaucer's  Wild  Tales  till  he 
imagined  himself  living  in  the 


DYI] 


13 


[ENGr 


past.  This  poem  is  an  account 
of  the  dream  that  followed. 
The  poet  dreamed  he  was  in  a 
wood  in  which  he  met  with 
many  fair  dead  women — Helen 
of  Troy,  Cleopatra,  Jephtha's 
daughter,  and  Fair  Rosamond. 
They  each  told  him  of  the  joys 
and  sorrows  of  their  respect- 
ive lives,  and  he  was  at  last 
awakened  by  Cleopatra's  sharp 
scornful  taunt  of  Rosamond 
for  having  so  '  tamely  died.' 
The  dreamer  closes  the  poem 
with  the  regret  that  he  awak- 
ened before  he  had  seen  other 
fair  women — 

'  her,  who  clasp'd  in  her  last 
trance 
Her  murder'd  father's  head,' 
or  Joan  of  Arc,  or  Eleanor  of 
Castile. 

DYING  SWAN,  THE. 

A  description  in  two  stanzas 
of  the  wonderful  death-song 
of  a  swan.  Tennyson  appar- 
ently believed  the  popular  say- 
ing that  '  a  swan  only  sings  at 
its  death.' 

EAGLE,  THE. 

Six  lines,  descriptive  of  a 
view  seen  from  a  mountain 
top  by  an  eagle. 

EARLY  SPRING. 

A  '  Spring  Song '  in  eight 
stanzas. 

EDWARD  GRAY. 

A  ballad,  containing  the 
story  of  Edward  Gray  who  was 
beloved  by  Ellen  Adair.  He, 
however, 


*  Thought  her  proud,  and  fled 

over  the  sea  ; ' 
In  his  absence  she  pined  and 
died.  Edward  Gray  is  un- 
touched by  the  lovableness  of 
other  women — his  heart  is 
buried  with  Ellen  Adair. 

EDWIN  MORRIS. 

This  poem  is  the  story  of  a 
man  who  stayed  for  nine  months 
by  a  lake.  While  here  he  made 
friends  with  '  Edwin  Morris 
and  Edward  Bull  the  curate/ 
Also,  he  fell  in  love  with  a  mil- 
lionaire's daughter,  Letty  HilL 
One  evening  he  was  found 
making  love  to  Letty,  and  her 
relatives  forbad  him  the  place,, 
and  married  her 

'  to  sixty  thousand  pounds r 
To  lands  in  Kent  and  messuages 

in  York, 
And  slight  Sir  Robert  with  his 

watery  smile 
And  educated  whisker.' 
They  then   brought   a   lawsuit 
against   Letty's   lover,   and   he 
left  the  place 

1  left  Edwin,  nor  have  seen 
Him  since,  nor  heard    of  herr 

nor  cared  to  hear.' 

ELEANORE. 

A  poem  in  eight  stanzas 
written  in  praise  of  a  '  Sereney 
imperial  Eleanore  !  ' 

ENGLAND    AND    AMERICA    IN 
1782. 

A  short  poem  addressed  to 
England  personified  as  '  Strong 
mother  of  a  Lion-line.'  The 
writer  bids  England  be  proud 


ENO] 

of  the  American  rebels  who 

'  Retaught  the  lesson  thou  hadst 

taught, 
And  in  thy  spirit   with  thee 

fought ' 

ENOCH  ARDEN. 

A    long    narrative    in    blank 

verse.     In    it,    the    poet    tells 

the    story    of    Enoch    Arden. 

He  and  Philip  Ray — the  miller's 

son — lived    in    a    seaside    town 

and    both    loved    Annie    Lee. 

She     flirted     impartially    with 

both,  but  at  last  Enoch  won 

and    married    her,    for    '  Philip 

loved   in    silence.'     Enoch   was 

a   sailor's   orphan   and  pursued 

his  father's  trade.     When  two 

children  had  been  born  to  him, 

Enoch's  good  fortune  deserted 

him.     He  broke  a  limb  in  an 

accident  and  lost  his  job.     As 

he  lay  recovering  he  was  haunted 

by  the  thought  of  his  wife  and 

children  starving  because  he  was 

unable  to  work  for  them.     Then 

came  an  offer  from  the  captain 

of  a  China-going  vessel  to  take 

Enoch    as    boatswain    and    he 

went,   first   selling  his   boat  to 

provide   money   for  Annie  and 

bidding   them    all    a    sorrowful 

farewell.     After    his  departure, 

the  third  and  sickliest  child  was 

born,  but  scarcely  lived  a  few 

weeks.     Philip    Ray,    who    had 

not    seen    Annie    since    Enoch 

left,  thinking  to  be  of  comfort 

to   her,   asked   her  to   let   him 

educate  the  remaining  boy  and 

girl     as     Enoch     would      have 

wished.     Annie   consented   and 


14  [EPI 

Philip  became  a  second  father 
to  her  children,  though  scruples 
kept  him  from  seeing  Annie 
often.  But  the  years  went  by 
and  Enoch  did  not  return,  and 
at  last  Philip  convinced  Annie 
that  Enoch  was  dead,  and  they 
were  married.  A  child  was 
born,  and  they  were  very  happy. 
Meanwhile  Enoch  was  not  dead, 
but  prospering  much.  After 
he  had  made  and  lost  a  fortune, 
Enoch  at  last  returned  to  his 
native  town,  eagerly  anticipating 
seeing  Annie  again.  He  learned 
from  a  gossip  called  Miriam 
Lane  of  Annie's  marriage  with 
Philip.  The  news  was  too 
much  for  his  already  failing 
strength,  and  he  died  without 
making  himself  known  to  Annie, 
first  giving  Miriam  Lane  a  curl 
of  his  son's  hair,  which  Annie 
had  given  him — to  give  the 
boy's  mother. 

'  And  when  they  buried  him  the 
little  port 
Had    seldom    seen    a    costlier 
funeral.' 

EPIC,  THE. 

An  introduction  to  the  beauti- 
ful Morte  £  Arthur.  On  Christ- 
mas Eve  four  college  friends 
sat  about  the  fire  and  wine  after 
the  rest  of  the  guests  had 
departed.  They  talked  of  the 
decay  of  Christmas  customs 
and  of  the  Christian  religion. 
One  of  their  number,  Everard 
Hall,  was  known  at  college  as 
a  toper  and  a  poet  of  parts.  His 
friends   laughingly   inquired   of 


EPI] 


15 


[FAR 


him  what  he  had  done  with 
an  epic  he  had  written  about 
king  Arthur.  He  replied  that 
he  had  burnt  it,  deeming  it  of 
little  interest.  One  of  the 
young  men  had,  however,  res- 
cued the  eleventh  book  from 
the  flames  and  forthwith  pro- 
duced it.  The  poet  was  then 
constrained  to  read  the  Morte 
£  Arthur. 

EPILOGUE. 

A  short  poem  dedicating  '  the 
Sleeping  Beauty  '  series  of  poems 
to  a  certain  '  Lady  Flora.' 

EPITAPH  ON  CAXTON. 

Written  for  the  Caxton  win- 
dow in  St.  Margaret's.  The 
poet  praises  Caxton  as  a  seer 
praying  for  '  Light  more  light,' 
but  seeing  only  the  glory  and 
not  the  disadvantages  of  the 
spread  of  learning. 


ON 


GENERAL 


EPITAPH 
GORDON. 

Written  for  the  cenotaph  in 
Westminster  Abbey.  The  poet 
addresses  Gordon  as  '  Warrior 
of  God,'  whose  bones  lie  in  the 
far-away  Soudan. 

EPITAPH  ON  LORD  STRAT- 
FORD DE  REDCLIFFE. 

Lines  written  in  memory 
of  this  enthusiastic  admirer  of 
Tennyson  and  friend  of  Byron. 

FAITH. 

Two  stanzas  encouraging  men 
to 

*  Doubt  no  longer  that  the 
Highest  is  the  wisest  and 
the  best,' 


FALCON,  THE. 

A  play  in  blank  verse  in  one 
scene.  Count  Federigo  degli 
Alberighi  has  been  in  love  with 
the  Lady  Giovanna  since  she 
was  fifteen.  He  had  gone  to 
the  war,  thinking  she  cared 
nothing  for  him,  and  in  his 
absence  and  believing  him  dead 
she  had  married  another.  She 
is  now  a  widow  with  one  son, 
and  Federigo  is  living  with  his 
old  nurse  and  foster-brother  in 
poverty — having  sold  all  his 
possessions  to  give  gifts  to 
Giovanna.  To  the  consterna- 
tion of  the  inmates  of  Federigo's 
cottage,  the  lady  appears  one 
morning  announcing  that  she 
will  stay  for  breakfast.  There 
is  nothing  in  the  larder,  and 
Federigo  reluctantly  gives  an  or- 
der to  kill  his  much  loved  falcon 
for  the  lady's  entertainment. 
He  is  horrified — when  the  bird 
is  dead — to  learn  that  she  had 
come  to  beg  no  other  thing 
than  the  falcon  for  her  son  who 
is  sick.  All,  however,  ends  well 
with  a  mutual  declaration  of 
love  and  a  hopeful  certainty 
of  the  boy's  recovery.  The 
theme  of  the  story  is  taken  from 
Boccaccio's  Decamerone. 

FAREWELL,  A. 

Four  stanzas  in  which  the 
poet  bids  farewell  to  a  '  cold 
rivulet '  '  for  ever  and  ever.' 

FAR-FAR-AWAY. 

A  song  written  for  music 
with  a  refrain  '  far-far-away.' 


FAT] 


16 


[FOR 


FATIMA. 

A  woman's  passionate  love- 
song.  She  enumerates  the  de- 
lights of  her  love  and  her  long- 
ing for  her  lover's  coming  and 
ends  with  a  determination  to 
'  Die,  dying  clasp'd  in  his  em- 
brace.' 

FIRST  QUARREL,  THE. 

A    narrative    poem,    written 
in   dialect   in  the  first   person. 
The  narrator  is  a  woman  who 
tells  the  story  of  her  life  to  a 
sympathetic  friend.     She  is  an 
Isle  of  Wight  girl.     When  quite 
a  young  girl  she  was  the  sweet- 
heart of  a  boy  of  the  same  vil- 
lage.    When    the    boy — Harry 
— began  to  grow  up,  a  farmer 
relative  sent  for  him  and  after 
saying     good-bye     to     Nelly — 
the  girl — he  went   to   Dorset- 
shire to  work,  on  his  kinsman's 
farm.    While    there,    he     got 
into  trouble  with  another  girl. 
But  when  he  returned,  he  and 
Nelly  were  married  and  were 
very    happy.     Work,    however, 
'  was    scant   in   the    Isle,'    and 
Harry    crossed    the    Solent    in 
search     of     employment.      He 
wrote  his  wife  saying  he  had  got 
a  six  weeks'  job  and  was  coming 
back  to  kiss  her  good-bye   on 
the  following  day.     While  she 
was    tidying    the    house    ready 
for  his  return,  she  came  across 
a  box  containing  a  letter  written 
to    Harry    by    the    other   girl. 
This  so   angered  her  that   she 
would  have  nothing  to  say  to  her 
husband  when  he  came  in  and 


refused  to  be  mollified  by  his 
gentle  assurances  of  love  and 
trust,  and  the  complete  dead- 
ness  of  the  past.  After  trying 
in  vain  to  reassure  her,  Harry 
leaves  her,  and  she  refuses  to 
say  good-bye.  He  sends  her 
a  letter  to  say  he  had  work  in 
Jersey  and  is  going  by  the  boat 
that  night — *  and  the  boat 
went  down  that  night.'  So 
the  first  quarrel  proved  the  last. 

FLEET,  THE. 

Lines  written  in  praise  of  the 
British  Navy  after  a  newspaper 
attack  upon  it. 

FLIGHT,  THE. 

A  girl  rouses  her  sister  on  her 
wedding  morning,  and  they  fly 
together  from  a  hateful  mar- 
riage proposed  by  a  mercenary 
father. 

FLOWER,  THE. 

A  '  fable '  of  one  who  sowed 
a  seed  that,  grown  into  a  flower, 
was  dubbed  a  weed.  It  grew 
tall  and  beautiful,  the  seeds 
were  in  demand,  it  became 
easy  to  get  and  so  again  a  weed. 

FLOWER   IN    THE    CRANNIED 
WALL. 

A    fragment,    in    which    the 

poet  declares  his  conviction  that 

"  if  I  could  understand 

What  you  {i.e.  the  flower)  are, 

root  and  all,  and  all  in  all, 
I  should  know  what  God  and 

man  is.' 

FORESTERS,  THE. 

A  play  in  blank  verse  in  four 


FOR] 

acts.  The  plot  is  adapted  from 
the  legends  of  Robin  Hood  and 
Maid  Marian.  It  opens  with 
the  outlawry  of  Robin  by 
Prince  John,  Regent  for  Richard 
I,  and  ends  with  the  return  of 
Richard  and  the  marriage  of 
Robin  and  Marian. 

FORLORN. 

A  short  poem  in  which  a 
mother  chides  her  daughter  for 
contemplating  a  marriage  of 
which  she  is  unworthy. 

FORM,  THE,  FORM,  THE. 

An  early  sonnet  in  which  the 
frivolous  soul  of  a  '  slight  co- 
quette '  is  described. 

FRATER  AVE  ATQUE  VALE. 

Lines  written  in  praise  of 
Catullus — '  tenderest  of  the 
Roman  poets.'  This  poem  was 
written  while  Tennyson  was 
staying  in  Italy,  and  contains 
descriptions  of  lake  scenery. 

FREEDOM. 

A  political  poem  in  which 
the  poet  gave  expression  to  his 
conviction  that  innovations  and 
reforms  should  be  gradually 
introduced. 

GARDENER'S  DAUGHTER, 

THE. 

An  artist  tells  the  story  of 
his  love  for  the  gardener's 
daughter,  and  shows  a  picture 
of  her  in  her  youth.  A  narra- 
tive poem  in  blank  verse. 

GOD  AND  THE  UNIVERSE. 

Two  stanzas  in  which  the 
poet  expresses  his  fear  of  God 


17  [HAN 

and  imagines  God  to  reply  re- 
assuringly. 

GODIVA. 

A  poem  in  blank  verse  in 
which  the  poet  tells  the  story 
of  the  sacrifice  made  by  Lady 
Godiva  on  behalf  of  the  people 
of  her  husband's  city,  Coventry. 

GOLDEN  YEAR,  THE. 

An  account,  in  blank  verse, 
of    a    poet    who    wrote    some 
verses    anticipating   the   return 
of  the  golden   age.    A  friend 
of  the  poet  declares 
'  That    unto   him   who   works, 
and  feels  he  works, 
This  same  grand  year  is  ever 
at  the  doors.' 

GOOSE,  THE. 

A  short  humorous  poem. 
An  old  woman  is  given  a  goose 
— which  lays  golden  eggs — by 
a  stranger.  After  prospering, 
she  grows  tired  of  the  clatter 
made  by  the  goose  and  drives 
it  out  to  the  original  owner. 

GRANDMOTHER,  THE. 

A  monologue  in  which  an 
old  woman  who  has  outlived 
all  her  children  recounts  the 
chief  events  of  her  life  to  a 
grandchild.  The  poem  was 
suggested  in  a  letter  from  Ben- 
jamin Jowett  giving  the  saying 
of  an  old  lady,  '  The  spirits  of 
my  children  always  seem  to 
hover  about  me.' 

HANDS  ALL  ROUND. 

A  '  convivial  lyric  '  in  which 
the  poet  calls  for  healths  to  be 
C 


HAP] 


18 


[IDY 


drank  to  England,  her  colonies 
and  other  friendly  powers. 

HAPPY. 

The  words  of  the  wife  of  a 
leprous  Crusader  who  has  been 
formally  separated  from  the 
community.  The  wife  refuses 
to  leave  him,  and  swears  that 
she  will  live  and  die  at  his  side. 

HAROLD. 

A  five-act  play  in  blank  verse. 
The  plot  is  concerned  with 
incidents  happening  between 
Harold's — then  earl  of  Wessex — 
first  setting  out  for  Normandy, 
where  he  was  to  swear  the  rash 
oath  to  help  William  of  Nor- 
mandy to  the  English  throne, 
and  the  defeat  of  the  English  and 
death  of  Harold  at  the  battle 
of  Senlac,  1066. 

HELEN'S  TOWER. 

Lines  written  at  the  request 
of  Lord  Dufferin  for  the  Tower 
built  in  memory  of  Helen, 
mother  of  Lord  Dufferin.  The 
poet  expresses  in  these  lines 
his    conviction    that   were   the 

*  granite  girth '  of  the  Tower 
as  strong  as  the  love  between 
mother  and  son  which  caused 
it  to  be  built,  it  would  endure 

*  Doomsday  fire.' 

HENDECASYLLABICS. 

An  experiment  in  '  a  metre 
of  Catullus '  addressed  to  *  you 
chorus  of  indolent  reviewers,' 
and  humorously  conveying  the 
poet's  request  and  critics  to  be 
lenient  to  the  new  metre. 


HIGHER   PANTHEISM,   THE. 

A  short  poem  expressing  the 
poet's  belief  in  the  '  Immanence 
of  God  in  the  Universe.'  The 
poem  contains  the  beautiful 
and  well-known  couplet 
1  Speak   to   Him   thou   for   He 

hears,  and  Spirit  with  Spirit 

can  meet — 
Closer  is  He  than  breathing, 

nearer  than  hands  and  feet.' 

IDYLLS  OF  THE  KING. 

An     epic    series    of    poems 

founded     on     Malory's     Morte 

d?  Arthur. 

Dedication.  To  Queen  Vic- 
toria in  memory  of  Albert, 
Prince  Consort. 

Coming  of  Arthur.  The  com- 
ing of  Arthur  to  his  kingdom, 
his  royal  parentage  is  proved, 
he  marries  Guinevere,  daugh- 
ter of  king  Leodogran,  and 
founds  his  knighthood  of  the 
Round  Table.  He  rids  the 
land  of  wild  beasts  and  ma- 
rauders. 

Gareth  and  Lynette.  Of  how 
Gareth  son  of  Lot  and  Belli- 
cent  obtained  his  mother's 
consent  to  serve  as  kitchen- 
boy  at  Camelot  before  he 
should  discover  himself  to 
Arthur  and  ask  for  knight- 
hood. Of  how  Arthur  dis- 
covered the  Prince  in  the 
kitchen-boy  and  sent  him  to 
rescue  Lyonors,  sister  of  Lyn- 
ette, from  the  Castle  Perilous, 
guarded  by  four  warriors. 
Of  his  success  in  the  quest. 
Marriage  of  Geraint.     Of  how 


IDY] 


19 


[IDY 


queen  Guinevere  was  in- 
sulted by  a  dwarf  riding  with 
a  knight  and  lady.  Of  how 
sir  Geraint  followed  them 
to  avenge  the  Queen.  Of 
how  he  came  to  the  town 
where  they  dwelt  and  chanced 
to  lodge  with  an  old  man  in 
the  power  of  the  stranger- 
knight.  Of  how  Geraint 
loved  Enid,  the  daughter  of 
his  poverty-stricken  host. 
Of  how  he  overcame  the 
stranger-knight  in  the  lists. 
Of  how  Geraint  and  Enid 
rode  back  together  to  Arthur's 
court,  and  there  were  married. 

Geraint  and  Enid.  Of  how 
Geraint  took  Enid  his  wife 
to  his  own  land  in  Devon. 
Of  how  for  love  of  her  he 
neglected  knightly  adventure. 
Of  how  she  wept  for  it.  Of 
how  he  misunderstood  her 
sorrow,  and  grew  jealous 
thinking  she  loved  another. 
Of  how  they  set  forth  on 
horseback,  Enid  in  front  and 
not  beside  him.  Of  how 
Geraint  fought  many  men 
by  the  way  and  overcame 
them  all.  Of  how  they  came 
to  Arthur's  court.  Of  how 
all  misunderstanding  was  re- 
moved. Of  how  they  re- 
turned to  Devon  to  live  long 
and  happy. 

Balin  and  Balan.  Of  how  Balin 
and  Balan,  brothers,  were 
brought  by  the  King  to  his 
court.  Of  how  Balan  was 
dubbed  knight,  and  sent  on 
a  quest,  and    of  how    Balin, 


having  been  dubbed  knight 
before,  remained  at  court. 
Of  how  he  obtained  leave 
to  wear  the  Queen's  crown 
upon  his  shield.  Of  how 
sir  Balin  presently  rode  away 
to  seek  adventure  and  came 
to  the  castle  of  king  Pelles. 
Of  how  one  sir  Garlon  spoke 
evil  of  the  Queen  and  Lance- 
lot. Of  how  sir  Balin  struck 
him  in  his  anger  and  fled  the 
castle.  Of  how  he  rested  in 
the  forest  and  hung  his  shield 
upon  a  tree,  deeming  himself 
unworthy  of  the  Queen's 
token.  Of  how  a  damsel 
came  and  also  spoke  evil  of 
the  Queen.  Of  how  sir 
Balan  chanced  to  pass.  Of 
how  sir  Balin,  being  beside 
himself,  fought  his  brother. 
Of  how  they  were  both  slain 
and  afterwards  buried  by 
the  Lady  of  the  Lake. 

Merlin  and  Vivien.  Of  how 
Vivien  came  from  the  base 
king  Mark  to  spy  on  Lancelot 
and  Guinevere.  Of  how  she 
whispered  slanders  in  Arthur's 
court.  Of  how  she  sought 
to  gain  from  Merlin  the 
secret  of  a  spell.  Of  how  she 
followed  him  to  Broceliande, 
and,  having  gained  the  secret 
of  the  enchantment,  used 
it  upon  the  great  wizard  him- 
self and  left  him  as  one  dead. 

Lancelot  and  Elaine.  Of  how 
sir  Lancelot  stayed  at  the 
castle  of  Astolat  and  of  how 
Elaine,  the  maid  of  Astolat, 
loved  him  not  knowing  who 


IDY] 


20 


[IDY 


he  was.  Of  how  he  wore  her 
favour  in  a  tourney.  Of  how 
he  was  wounded,  and  of  how 
Elaine  tended  him  in  sickness. 
Of  how  he  recovered  and  rode 
away  with  no  word  of  love, 
being  pledged  to  the  Queen. 
Of  how  Elaine  sickened  and 
died  of  her  love,  and  of  how 
her  body  was  placed  in  a 
boat  and  rowed  to  Camelot 
by  an  old  deaf  servant. 

Holy  Grail.  Of  how  the  sister 
of  sir  Percivale  saw  a  vision 
of  the  Holy  Grail.  Of  how 
she  made  a  girdle  of  her  hair  for 
Galahad.  Of  how  many  of 
the  Round  Table  swore  to 
find  the  Grail.  Of  how  they 
set  forth  from  Camelot.  Of 
how  Galahad  and  Percivale 
set  forth  together.  Of  their 
adventures  and  temptations. 
Of  how  sir  Galahad  was  the 
sole  knight  worthy  to  behold 
the  Grail.  Of  the  unsuc- 
cessful return  of  other  knights 
to  Camelot.  Of  the  King's 
welcome  and  of  how  some 
did  not  return. 

Pelleas  and  Ettarre.  Of  the 
young  knight  sir  Pelleas  and 
of  how  he  overcame  in  the 
jousts  and  gained  the  victor's 
circlet  for  the  lady  Ettarre. 
Of  how  she  shut  herself  in 
her  castle  and  scorned  her 
champion.  Of  how  he  was 
brought  a  prisoner  to  her  by  her 
knights.  Of  how  sir  Gawain 
undertook  to  plead  the  cause 
of  sir  Pelleas  with  the  lady 
Ettarre.     Of    how    she    was 


false  with  Gawain.  Of  how 
Sir  Pelleas  grew  distraught 
and  fought  unwittingly  with 
sir  Lancelot  and  accused 
him  of  shame  with  Guinevere. 
Of  how  sir  Pelleas  went  out 
and  was  no  more  seen. 

Last  Tournament.  Of  the 
ruby  carcanet  that  Guinevere 
gave  to  the  king  as  a  tourney 
prize.  Of  the  tourney  and 
of  how  sir  Tristram  won  the 
rubies.  Of  how  he  refused 
to  give  them  to  any  lady  of 
the  court  but  kept  them  for 
Isolt,  the  Queen  of  the  Cor- 
nish king  Mark.  Of  Da- 
gonet  the  king's  fool  and  of 
his  talk  with  Tristram.  Of 
Tristram's  coming  to  Tin- 
tagil  and  Isolt.  Of  Isolt's 
jealousy  of  Tristram's  wife 
— Isolt  of  Brittany.  Of  how 
king  Mark  slew  Tristram  as 
he  clasped  the  ruby  carcanet 
about  the  throat  of  Isolt  the 
Queen. 

Guinevere.  Of  Lancelot's  re- 
solution to  leave  Guinevere. 
Of  their  last  meeting  and 
of  its  discovery  by  Modred. 
Of  the  flight  of  Lancelot 
to  his  castle  and  of  the  queen 
to  a  nunnery  at  Almesbury. 
Of  the  war  of  the  king  with 
Lancelot  and  of  the  treachery 
of  Modred.  Of  the  visit 
of  the  king  to  the  queen  at 
Almesbury,  of  his  forgiveness 
and  her  repentance.  Of  how 
the  king  went  out  to  his  last 
battle,  and  of  how  Guinevere 
made    atonement    by    a    life 


IF] 


21 


[JUN 


of  penitence  and  piety  in  the 
nunnery. 
Passing  of  Arthur.  Of  the 
battle  with  the  heathen  hosts 
of  Modred.  Of  how  the 
knights  of  the  Round  Table 
perished  in  the  fight.  Of 
how  the  king  was  wounded 
and  of  how  he  sent  sir  Bedi- 
vere  to  throw  Excalibur  into 
the  lake,  from  whence  it  had 
come.  Of  how  sir  Bedivere 
at  first  would  not  and  lied 
to  the  king,  but  at  last 
yielded  and  flung  Excalibur 
into  the  lake.  Of  how  Arthur 
was  carried  to  the  water  and 
of  how  he  did  not  die  but 
passed  from  sir  Bedivere  in 
a  funeral  barge  in  which  were 
three  queens. 

IF  I  WERE  LOVED,  AS  I  DESIRE 
TO  BE. 

An  early  sonnet  in  which  the 
poet  declares  that,  with  love  at 
his  desire,  he  would  fear  nothing 
in  heaven  or  earth. 

IN  MEMORIAM,  A.  H.  H. 

A  long  poem  in  a  unique 
metre  written  to  the  memory 
of  the  poet's  greatest  friend, 
Arthur  Henry  Hallam,  who 
died  at  Vienna.  The  body  was 
brought  back  to  be  buried  at 
Clevedon — the  home  of  the 
Hallams.  The  poem  contains 
Tennyson's  expressed  thoughts 
on  Life  and  Death  and  God 
and  Man,  as  well  as  his  pas- 
sionate grief  and  love  for  Arthur 
Henry  Hallam. 


IN       MEMORIAM,      WILLIAM 
GEORGE  WARD. 

Six  lines  beginning — 
1  Farewell,  whose  living  like   I 
shall  not  find,' 

IN  THE  CHILDREN'S  HOSPITAL. 

A  nurse's  description  of  the 
illness  and  eventual  death  under 
an  operation  of  a  little  girl 
in  a  children's  hospital. 

IN  THE  GARDEN  AT  SWAINS- 
TON. 

A  lament  for  three  dead 
friends,  memories  of  whom  are 
revived  by  the  garden  where 
they  had  walked  with  the  poet. 

IN  THE  VALLEY  OF  CAUTER- 
ETZ. 

The  poet's  memories  of  a 
dead  friend  who  had  formerly 
been    with   him    at    Cauteretz. 

ISABEL. 

Three  stanzas  in  praise  of 
Isabel — a  pattern  of  purity  and 
holy  calm. 

ISLET,  THE. 

A  woman  urges  her  lover  to 
go  with  her  to  a  beautiful  island 
he  has  described  for  her.  He 
refuses  because 

'  a  worm  is  there  in  the  lonely 
wood, 
That     pierces     the    liver     and 

blackens  the  blood ; 
And  makes  it  a  sorrow  to  be.' 

JUNE  BRACKEN  AND  HEA- 
THER. 

Nine  lines,  dedicating  a  book 
to  a  friend  who  has 


KAP] 


22 


[LIT 


1  a  faith  as  clear  as  the  heights 
of  the  June-blue  heaven, 
And  a  fancy  as  summer-new 
As  the  green  of  the  bracken  amid 

the  gloom  of  the  heather.' 

KAPIOLANI. 

Six  stanzas  in  praise  of  Kapio- 
lani,  chieftainess  of  the  Sand- 
wich Isles,  who  defied  the 
priesthood  of  the  Island  god- 
dess, Peele,  and  so  won  the 
people  to  Christianity. 

KATE. 

Two  stanzas  in  which  is  de- 
scribed a  lady  who  bears  strong 
resemblance  to  Shakespeare's 
Kate — the  Shrew. 

KRAKEN,  THE. 

A  sonnet  describing  some 
sort  of  horrible  sea  monster 
called  the  Kraken. 

LADY  CLARA  VERE  DE  VERE. 

Nine  stanzas  addressed  by  a 
poet  to  a  certain  nobly-born  but 
haughty  lady.  He  assures  her 
that 

'  Kind    hearts    are    more    than 
coronets, 
And  simple  faith  than  Nor- 
man blood.' 

LADY  CLARE. 

A  narrative  poem.  Lady 
Clare  discovers  on  the  eve  of 
her  marriage  that  she  is  not 
lady  Clare,  and  that  the  real 
owner  of  her  lands  and  wealth 
is  her  husband-to-be.  She 
hastens  to  tell  him  the  truth. 
He  appreciates  her  honesty  but 
declares  that  he  will  marry  her 


and    that    she    shall    '  still    be 
Lady  Clare.' 

LADY  OF  SHALOTT,  THE. 

The  story  of  a  mysterious 
lady  who  viewed  the  outer 
world  solely  through  the  medi- 
um of  a  mirror,  because  a 
curse  would  fall  upon  her  if 
she  ever  looked  through  the 
window.  She  fell  in  love  with 
the  reflection  of  sir  Lancelot  as 
he  passed  towards  Camelot, 
and,  risking  the  curse,  allowed  a 
boat  to  carry  her  down  stream 
in  the  same  direction.  She 
presently  arrived  at  Camelot — 
a  corpse.  An  Italian  romance 
upon  the  Donna  di  Scalotta  is 
said  to  have  suggested  this 
poem. — Palgrave's  Lyric  Poems 
of  Tennyson. 

LEONINE  ELEGIACS. 

In  praise  of  '  sweet  Rosalind.' 

LETTERS,  THE. 

Six  stanzas  in  which  the  poet 
tells  the  story  of  a  man  and 
woman,  formerly  affianced, 
separated  by  slanders.  The 
woman  returns  his  letters,  but 
he  replies  with  such  a  burst  of 
invective  against  her  whole 
sex,  that  he  frightens  her  into 
a  reconciliation  that  ends  in 
marriage. 

LILIAN. 

Four  stanzas  in  which  the 
poet  praises  '  Airy,  fairy  Lilian.' 

LITERARY  SQUABBLES. 

A  short  lament  that  such 
things  as  petty  strife  between 
literary  men  should  exist. 


LOC] 


23 


[LUC 


LOCKSLEY  HALL. 

The  soliloquy  of  a  rejected 
lover.  He  recounts  the  inci- 
dents of  his  courtship,  the 
ambitions  of  his  youth,  and  the 
plans  he  has  formed  to  induce 
forgetfulness  of  his  unhappy 
love.  These  are  rejected,  and 
he  leaves  Locksley  Hall — the 
scene  of  his  courtship — with  a 
noble  resolution  to  live  his  life 
worthily. 

LOCKSLEY        HALL        SIXTY 
YEARS  AFTER. 

A  sequel  to  Locksley  Hall. 
The  young  lover  has  now  be- 
come an  old  man  and  the 
changes  wrought  by  age  are 
emphasized  by  the  poet. 

LORD  OF  BURLEIGH. 

The  story  of  the  marriage  of  a 
village  girl  with  the  Lord  of 
Burleigh  and  of  her  subsequent 
death  from  the  effects  of 

'  the  burthen  of  an  honour 
Unto  which  she  was  not  born.' 

LOTOS-EATERS,  THE. 

Some  mariners  find  an  en- 
chanted isle  '  In  which  it  seemed 
always  afternoon.'  Bewitched 
by  the  magic  lotos  plant,  they 
grow  weary  of  wandering  and 
declare  that  they  '  will  no 
longer  roam.'  The  poem  is 
founded  on  Odyssey  ix.  82  seq. 

LOVE  AND  DEATH. 

A  few  lines  in  which  the  poet 
recounts  the  meeting  of  Love 
and    Death    and    the    former's 
declaration — 
' — I  shall  reign  for  ever  over  all.' 


LOVE  AND  DUTY. 

A  blank  verse  poem.  Two 
lovers,  parted  by  their  sense  of 
duty,  contemplate  a  lonely 
future  with  a  faint  hope  of  love's 
fulfilment  in  some  future  age. 

LOVER'S  TALE,  THE 

Argument.  Julian,  whose 
cousin  and  foster-sister  Camilla, 
has  been  wedded  to  his  friend 
and  rival  Lionel,  endeavours 
to  relate  the  story  of  his  own 
love  for  her  and  the  strange 
sequel.  He  speaks  of  having 
been  haunted  by  a  vision  and 
the  sound  of  bells  tolling  for  a 
funeral,  and  at  last  ringing  for 
a  marriage ;  but  he  breaks 
away  overcome,  as  he  approaches 
the  event,  and  a  witness  to  it 
completes  the  tale  in  the  Golden 
Supper.  Eleven  months  after 
her  marriage  to  Lionel,  Camilla, 
supposedly  dead,  is  borne  to 
the  vault.  Julian,  going  for  a 
last  farewell  to  his  cousin, 
finds  her  alive.  After  some 
time  has  passed  he  gives  a  great 
feast,  at  which  he  contrives  the 
meeting  of  Lionel  and  the  wife 
he  had  thought  dead. 

LOVE  THOU  THY  LAND. 

An  exhortation  in  the  metre 
of  In  Memoriam  to  a  wise  love 
of  England. 

LUCRETIUS. 

Lucilla,  wife  of  Lucretius, 
dissatisfied  with  her  husband's 
attitude  towards  herself,  bought 
a  love-philtre  and  mingled  it 
with   his    drink.     It,   however, 


MAD] 

clouded  his  brain  with  insane 
fancies,  and  in  a  fit  of  madness 
he  committed  suicide,  to  the 
despair  of  his  repentant  wife. 

MADELINE. 

Three  stanzas  in  praise  of 
'  Ever  varying  Madeline.' 

MAKING  OF  MAN,  THE. 

Two  stanzas  in  which  the 
poet  expresses  a  belief  in  the — 
as  yet  incompleted — evolution 
of  man. 

MARGARET. 

Five  stanzas  in  praise  of 
'  Sweet  pale  Margaret.' 

MARIANA. 

A  poem  in  which  the  forlorn 
state  of  Mariana  in  waiting  for 
her  faithless  lover  is  described. 
The  character  and  circum- 
stance are  taken  from  Shake- 
speare's   Measure   for   Measure. 

MARIANA  IN  THE  SOUTH. 

Another  description  of  the 
sad  betrothed  of  the  faithless 
Angelo  in  Measure  for  Measure. 

MAUD:     A  MONODRAMA. 

A  morbid  man  grows  to 
love  Maud  the  playmate  of 
his  youth.  She,  too,  loves 
him.  But  he  quarrels  with  her 
brother,  she  dies  and  he  goes 
away.  After  her  death,  he  is 
ill  and  for  a  time  loses  his  rea- 
son, and  fancies  himself  dead. 
He  at  length  comes  to  a  better 
frame  of  mind  and  finds  con- 
solation in  fighting  for  his 
country.  Part  of  the  poem 
— the  verses  beginning  '  Come 


24  [MER 

into  the  garden,  Maud  ' — has 
been  set  to  music  and  is  well- 
known  as  a  song. 

MAY  QUEEN,  THE. 

A  poem  in  three  parts.  In 
the  first  a  young  girl  requests 
her  mother  to  call  her  early  in 
the  morning  of  may-day  for 
she  is  to  be  may-queen.  In 
the  second  part — called  New 
Year's  Eve — the  former  may- 
queen  supposes  herself  to  be 
dying,  and  bids  farewell  to  her 
mother  with  many  regrets  for 
the  happy  life  she  leaves.  In 
the  Conclusion,  however,  she 
is  still  alive  though  it  is  spring 
time  again.  She  thinks  that 
her  death  really  is  near  and  de- 
clares herself  glad  to  go  where 
*  — the     wicked      cease      from 

troubling,    and    the    weary 

are  at  rest.' 

MECHANOPHILUS. 

A  short  poem  written  in  the 
time  of  the  first  railways.  The 
poet  marvels  at  present  inven- 
tion and  anticipates  great  things 
to  come. 

MERLIN  AND  THE  GLEAM. 

Merlin  speaks,  though  all  his 
life  he  has  had  for  guidance  the 
gleam — a  lodestar  revealed  to 
him  by  the  great  magician  and 
prophet  who  has  taught  him  his 
Art. 

MERMAID,  THE. 

Three  stanzas,  descriptive  of 
an  imaginary  mermaid  loved 
by  many  mermen  and  married 
by  a  sea-king. 


MER] 


25 


[NOR 


MERMAN,  THE. 

The  poet's  idea,  expressed  in  a 
poem  of  three  stanzas,  of  the 
merry  life  of  a  merman  under 
the  sea. 

MILLER'S   DAUGHTER,   THE. 

A  man  happily  married  to  a 
miller's  daughter  goes  through 
his  former  life  in  retrospect 
with  his  wife — now  growing  old 
with  him.  He  says  that  his 
life  has  been  so  happy  that 
'  Would  God  renew  me  from 
my  birth 
I'd  almost  live  my  life  again.' 

MILTON. 

An  experiment  in  Alcaics. 
The  poet  praises  Milton  in 
glowing  words. 

MINE  BE  THE  STRENGTH  OF 
SPIRIT. 

A  sonnet  expressing  the  poet's 
desire  for  a  spiritual  strength 
corresponding  with  the  tre- 
mendous strength  of  a  river  in 
the  physical  world. 

MINNIE  AND  WINNIE. 

A   '  child-song  '    beginning — 
'  Minnie  and  Winnie 
Slept  in  a  shell.' 
and  ending  with — 
'Wake,  little  ladies, 
The  sun  is  aloft  !  ' 

MONTENEGRO. 

A    sonnet    to     Montenegro, 
which  is  thus  addressed — 
'  O    smallest    among    peoples  ! 

rough  rock-throne 
Of  Freedom  !  ' 


MORTE  D' ARTHUR. 

A  beautiful  description  in 
blank  verse  of  the  mysterious 
passing  and  last  words  of  the 
British  hero-king. 

MOVE      EASTWARD,      HAPPY 
EARTH. 

A  fragment  in  which  the 
poet  exhorts  the  earth  to  move 
eastward  more  quickly  in  order 
that  his  wedding  day  may  come 
the  sooner. 

MY  LIFE  IS  FULL  OF  WEARY 
DAYS. 

A  dying  man  bids  farewell  to 
his  friend  and  leaves  the  last 
request — 

1  Come  only,  when  the  days  are 
still, 
And  at  my  headstone  whis- 
per low, 
And  tell  me  if  the  woodbines 
blow.' 

NORTHERN  COBBLER. 

A  dialect  poem  in  which  the 
Northern  Cobbler  tells  a  friend 
the  story  of  how  he  cured  him- 
self of  drunkenness. 

NORTHERN      FARMER,      OLD 
STYLE. 

A  poem  in  dialect.  A  north- 
ern farmer  who  is  failing,  has 
been  visited  by  doctor  and 
parson  and  is  equally  scornful  of 
both.  He  reviews  his  life  and 
decides  to  disregard  the  doctor 
and  take  his  beer  as  usual.  The 
poem  was  suggested  by  a  story 
told  to  the  poet  by  his  great- 
uncle  of  a   Lincolnshire  farm- 


NOR] 


26 


[OF 


bailiff,  who  on  his  death-bed 
said  :  '  God  A'mighty  little 
knows  what  He's  a  boot,  a-takin' 
me,  an'  'Squire  '11  be  so  mad  an' 
all!' 

NORTHERN      FARMER,     NEW 
STYLE. 

A  dialect  poem  in  which  a 
more  modern  northern  farmer 
gives  his  son  advice  as  to 
marriage — 

'  Doant  thou  marry  for  munny, 
but  go  a  wheer  munny  is  ! ' 
The  poem  was  suggested  by  the 
remark  of  a  rich  neighbour, 
'  When  I  canters  my  'erse  along 
the  ramper  I  'ears  proputty, 
proputty,  proputty.'' 

NOTHING  WILL  DIE. 

One  of  the  poet's  earlier 
efforts  in  which  he  declares  that 
though  the  world  may  change 
yet  nothing  will  die. 

OAK,  THE. 

Three  short  stanzas  in  which 
the  poet  exhorts  his  readers  to 
imitate  in  their  own  lives  the 
stages  in  the  life  of  an  oak  tree. 

ODE  ON  THE  DEATH  OF  THE 
DUKE  OF  WELLINGTON. 

A  beautiful  funeral  ode,  on 
the  death  of  the  great  duke. 
The  poet  expresses  an  '  Em- 
pire's lamentation,'  recounts  the 
great  deeds  and  fine  qualities 
of  the  duke  and  ends  with  the 
prayer 

1  God  accept  him,  Christ 
receive  him.' 


ODE  SUNG  AT  THE  OPENING 
OF  THE  INTERNATIONAL 
EXHIBITION. 

An  Ode  written  for  the  open- 
ing of  the  Exhibition.  The 
poet  regrets  that  the  Prince 
Consort — upon  whose  sugges- 
tion the  Exhibition  was  founded 
— had  succumbed  to  an  attack 
of  typhoid  fever,  and  fore- 
shadows the  time  when  the 
1  arts  of  peace '  shall  have 
entirely  superseded  for  all  time 
the  '  works  of  war.' 

ODE  TO  MEMORY. 

An  invocation  to  Memory 
which  the  poet  personifies  as  a 
friend  with  whom — 

'  to  live  alone 
Were  how  much  better  than  to 

own 
A    crown,    a    sceptre,    and    a 

throne  ! ' 

CENONE. 

The  very  beautiful  lament  of 
the    nymph    (Enone,    deserted 
by    her    lover,    the     shepherd- 
prince,  Paris.     She  relates  the 
story  of  the  Three   Goddesses 
and  Paris's  judgment  in  favour 
of  Aphrodite  and  of  the  conse- 
quent love  of  Paris  for  Helen 
of     Troy.     CEnone     ends     her 
tragic  story  with  the  declaration 
1  That,    wheresoe'er    I    am    by 
night  and  day, 
All  earth   and  air  seem   only 
burning  fire.' 

OF  OLD  SAT  FREEDOM  ON 
THE  HEIGHTS. 

A  five  stanza  poem  in  which 


ON] 


27 


[POE 


Freedom  is  described,  personi- 
fied as  '  Grave  mother  of 
majestic  works.' 

ON  A  MOURNER. 

A  poem  in  seven  stanzas  in 
which  the  poet  describes  the 
ways  in  which  Religion  and 
Nature  combine  to  console  a 
mourner. 

ON  ONE   WHO  AFFECTED   AN 
EFFEMINATE  MANNER. 

Four  lines,  the  gist  of  which 
seems  to  be — '  man  woman  is 
not  woman  man.' 

ON  THE  JUBILEE  OF  QUEEN 
VICTORIA. 

Eleven  stanzas  in  which  the 
poet  recounts  the  glories  of  the 
Queen  and  of  her  reign,  and  ends 
with  a  forecast  of  a  happy  future# 

ON  TRANSLATIONS  OF  HOMER. 

An  experiment  in  Hexameter  s 
and  Pentameters . 

OPENING  OF  THE  INDIAN  AND 
COLONIAL  EXHIBITION  BY 
THE  QUEEN. 

Lines  written  by  the  poet,  as 
Laureate,  for  the  royal  opening 
of  the  above  Exhibition. 

OWD   ROA. 

An  old  native  of  the  North  of 
England  tells  his  son — in  dialect 
— the  story  of  the  way  in  which 
1  old  Rover '  saved  his  (the 
son's)  life  in  a  fire.  The  grate- 
ful father  declares  that  his  in- 
tention is  '  to  maake  'is  owd 
a  age  as  'appy  '  as  he  possibly 
can.  '  Owd  Roa  '  is  the  north- 
ern   version    for    Old    Rover. 


The  poem  is  the  poet's  version 
of  a  report  that  he  had  read  in  a 
newspaper  about  a  black  re- 
triever which  saved  a  child  from 
a  burning  house. 

OWL,  THE 

A  song  in  two  stanzas  ad- 
dressed to  a  white  owl  who  '  in 
the  belfry  sits.' 

PALACE   OF   ART,   THE 

*  A  sort  of  allegory  '  in  which 
the  poet  tells  the  story  of  a  gifted 
soul  who  had  a  passion  for  Beauty 
que  beauty — '  Art  for  Art's 
sake.'  She  dwells  for  some  time 
secure  in  a  palace  of  perfect 
beauty  but  is  at  length  cast  out 
to  bemoan  her  error  in  exclud- 
ing Love  from  her  scheme  of 
life. 

PARNASSUS. 

A  description  in  three  stanzas 
of  the  Mountain  of  the  Gods. 
The  poem  is  prefaced  by  a 
quotation  from  Horace. 

PLAY,  THE 

A  quatrain  descriptive  of  the 
gradual  unwinding  of  the  plot 
of  a  drama. 

POET,  THE 

A  short  poem  setting  forth 
the  mission  of  a  Poet. 

POET'S  MIND,  THE 

Two   stanzas,   beginning — 

1  Vex  not  thou  the  poet's  mind 

With  thy  shallow  wit  : 

The  poet  goes  on  to  describe 
the  nature  of  a  poet's  mind  and 
warns  off  all  alien  spirits  from 
what  he  declares  is  '  holy 
ground.' 


POE] 


28 


[PRO 


POET'S  SONG,  THE 

Two  stanzas  in  which  the 
effect  of  the  song  of  a  poet  on 
birds  and  beasts  is  described. 

POETS  AND  CRITICS. 

HSfAn  exhortation  to  poets  bid- 
ding them  disregard  critics  and 
'  Hold  thine  own,  and  work  thy 

will ! ' 
In  two  stanzas. 

POETS    AND    THEIR    BIBLIO- 
GRAPHIES. 

Tennyson  congratulates  the 
ancient  poets  that  they  lived 
'  Before   the   Love   of   Letters, 

overdone, 
Had  swampt  the  sacred  poets 

with  themselves.' 

POLAND. 

An  early  sonnet  expressing  a 
passionate  sympathy  with  the 
woes  of  Poland. 

POLITICS. 

A  short  poem  of  a  single 
stanza  addressed  to 

'  — you  that  drive,  and  know 
your  Craft,' 
i.e.,  politicians,  exhorting  them 

not  to  be  swayed  by  the  cries 

of  the  multitude. 

PREFATORY    POEM    TO    MY 
BROTHER'S  SONNETS. 

A  poem  written  as  a  preface 
to  the  dead  poet's  dead  brother's 
sonnets.  It  contains  tender 
memories  of  the  dead  and  earnest 
hopes  that  the  living  poet  may 
follow  the  example  of  the  dead 
one. 


PREFATORY  SONNET  TO  THE 
<  NINETEENTH  CENTURY.' 

A  sonnet  as  described  in  the 
title. 

PRINCESS,  THE:     A  MEDLEY. 

A  story  in  blank  verse — inter- 
spersed with  lyrics  of  great 
beauty — of  a  certain  princess 
Ida  '  proxy  wedded  '  in  infancy 
to  a  neighbouring  prince.  The 
princess  however,  on  attaining 
marriageable  age,  elects  to 
found  a  college  for  women  from 
which  men  are  rigidly  excluded. 
To  this  house  of  learning  the 
prince  and  his  two  friends  gain 
access  disguised  as  girls,  would- 
be  students.  After  many 
amusing  adventures,  the  sex 
of  the  three  friends  is  dis- 
covered and  the  prince  woos 
and  weds  Ida  after  all. 

PROGRESS  OF  SPRING. 

A  poem  in  nine  stanzas  de- 
scribing the  gradual  coming  of 
Spring  to  its  full  perfection. 

PROLOGUE  TO  GENERAL 
HAMLEY. 

Lines  addressed  to  Sir  Ed- 
ward Hamley  as  a  prologue  to 
The  Charge  of  the  Heavy 
Brigade  at  Balaclava.  The 
short  poem  is  descriptive  of  the 
visit  of  General  Hamley  to 
Aldworth  and  the  fine  autumnal 
view  from  that  place. 

PROMISE  OF  MAY,  THE 

A  play  described  as  a  '  Village 
Tragedy.'  The  hero — a  selfish 
libertine — among  other  wicked- 
nesses, seduces  and  then  deserts 


QUE] 


29 


[RIZ 


a  village  girl.  After  many 
years  he  returns  to  the  scene 
of  his  crime,  determined  to 
make  reparation  by  marrying 
the  surviving  elder  sister,  and 
rescue  her  old  father  from  ruin. 
But  the  girl  whom  he  had  be- 
trayed long  ago  appears,  and 
with  her  dying  forgiveness, 
awakes  in  her  seducer  a  true 
repentance,  such  as  he  had  not 
felt  before.  The  magnanimity 
of  the  father  completes  his 
moral  salvation,  and  he  quits 
the  scene  to  make  expiation  by 
lifelong  contrition. 

QUEEN  MARY. 

A  five-act  play  in  blank  verse, 
setting  forth  the  tragedy  of  the 
reign  of  Mary  Tudor,  of  her 
bigoted  Roman  Catholicism,  of 
her  piteous  childless  marriage 
with  Philip  of  Spain,  and  of  her 
painful  illness  and  final  death. 
The  tragedy  ends  with  the 
accession  of  Elizabeth. 
RECOLLECTIONS  OF  THE 
ARABIAN  NIGHTS. 

An  early  poem  in  which  the 
poet  describes  the  imaginary 
adventures  of  a  boy  after  reading 
the  Arabian  Nights. 

REQUIESCAT. 

Two  quatrains  in  memory  of 
a  woman  who  died  while  young. 
The  poet  is  sure  that 
'  Her    peaceful    being    slowly 
passes  by 
To    some    more    perfect 
peace.' 
REVENGE,  THE 

A    stirring    '  Ballad    of     the 


Fleet, '  in  which  the  poet  tells 
the  story  of  Sir  Richard  Gren- 
ville's  single-handed  achieve- 
ment, when  his  flagship,  the 
little  '  Revenge,'  fought  a  fleet 
of  fifty-three  Spanish  galleons 
for  a  day  and  a  night  before  the 
death  from  wounds  of  the 
heroic  Sir  Richard,  with  these 
words  on  his  lips — 
*  I  have  fought  for  Queen  and 
Faith  like  a  valiant  man  and 
true  ; 

I  have  only  done  my  duty  as  a 
man  is  bound  to  do  : 

With    a    joyful     spirit    I    Sir 
Richard  Grenville  die  ! ' 
The  materials  of  this  ballad  were 
drawn  from  a  '  Report '  of  the 
fight  by  Sir  Walter  Raleigh. 

RIFLEMEN  FORM! 

A  recruiting  song  written  to 
encourage  the  volunteer  move- 
ment, before  it  was  properly 
started. 

RING,  THE 

A  blank  verse  poem  in  the 
form  of  a  conversation  between 
father  and  daughter  on  the 
latter's  wedding  morning.  The 
father  gives  his  child  the  ring 
which  had  belonged  to  her  dead 
mother,  and  tells  the  legend 
which  endowed  it  with  certain 
magic  powers.  He  then  re- 
lates the  full  story  of  the  ring's 
effect  in  his  own  life  and  that 
of  his  daughter's  mother  and 
stepmother. 

RIZPAH. 

A  poem  in  seventeen  stanzas, 
in  which  a   criminal's   mother, 


ROM] 


30 


[ST 


on  her  deathbed,  tells  a  woman 
the  story  of  her  son's  crime,  his 
death  by  hanging  and  her  own 
theft  of  his  bones  in  order  to 
bury  them  in  holy  ground. 
She  ends  with  a  confident  trust 
in  God's  mercy — 
*  — He  means  me  I'm  sure  to 

be  happy  with  Willy,  I  know 

not  where.' 
The  poem  was  suggested  by 
a  story,  which  appeared  in  a 
magazine  entitled  Old  Brighton, 
of  a  young  man  named  Rooke 
who  was  hanged  in  chains  for 
robbing  the  mail  in  the  eight- 
eenth century.  '  When  the 
elements  had  caused  the  clothes 
and  flesh  to  decay,  his  aged 
mother,  night  after  night,  in  all 
weathers,  and  the  more  tempes- 
tuous the  weather  the  more 
frequent  the  visits,  made  a 
sacred  pilgrimage  to  the  lonely 
spot  on  the  Downs,  and  it  was 
noticed  that  on  her  return  she 
always  brought  something  away 
with  her  in  her  apron.  Upon 
being  watched,  it  was  discovered 
that  the  bones  of  the  hanging 
man  were  the  objects  of  her 
search,  and  as  the  wind  and 
rain  scattered  them  on  the 
ground  she  conveyed  them  to 
her  home.  There  she  kept 
them,  and,  when  the  gibbet  was 
stripped  of  its  horrid  burden, 
in  the  dead  silence  of  the  night 
she  interred  them  in  the  hal- 
lowed enclosure  of  Old  Shore- 
ham  Churchyard.' 

ROMNEY'S  REMORSE. 

Romney,  in  his  youth,  was 


told  that  *  wife  and  children 
drag  an  artist  down,'  so  he  de- 
serted his  young  wife  and  child. 
In  this  poem  the  dying  Romney 
expresses  his  remorse  and  im- 
plores the  forgiveness  of  the 
wife,  who  heaps  coals  of  fire 
upon  his  head  by  nursing  him 
when  he  comes  to  her  in  his  last 
illness. 

ROSALIND. 

A  song  to  Rosalind — whom 
the  poet  likens  to  a  bright-eyed 
falcon — in  three  stanzas. 

ROSES  ON  THE  TERRACE. 

The  sight  of  the  roses  on  the 
terrace  brings  to  the  poet  me- 
mories of  a  courtship  fifty  years 
old. 

SAILOR  BOY. 

A  song  of  a  boy  who  went  to 
sea  in  obedience  to  his  irre- 
sistible desire,  and  in  spite  of 
all '  danger  of  the  roaring  sea.' 

ST.  AGNES'  EVE. 

A  beautiful  poem  in  three 
stanzas.  The  young  virgin- 
martyr,  St.  Agnes,  soliloquizes 
on  the  eve  of  her  death. 

ST.  SIMEON  STYLITES. 

The  Saint,  who  spent  '  thrice 
ten  years '  on  the  top  of  a 
column  to  expiate  his  sins,  in 
this  poem  makes  his  last  prayer 
to  God. 

ST.  TELEMACHUS. 

The  story,  in  blank  verse,  of 
an  heroic  man,  who  in  the  time 
of  gladiatorial  combats  in  Rome, 
came  from  the  East  to  stop  these 


— 


SEA] 


31 


[SON 


murderous  exhibitions.  He  was 
stoned  to  death,  for  daring  to 
enter  the  arena  to  stop  the 
people's  pleasure.  But  the  em- 
peror forbade  such  combats  for 
the  future. 

SEA  DREAMS. 

A  narrative  in  blank  verse.  A 
man — bitter  at  the  loss  of  money 
— his  wife  and  infant  daughter 
go  to  stay  at  the  sea-side.  The 
man  and  wife  dream  of  the 
coast,  wake,  recount  their 
dreams,  and  the  man  is  pre- 
vailed upon  to  forgive  a  preacher 
of  the  town,  against  whom  he 
bore  a  grudge,  but  who  has  died 
suddenly.  The  slumber  song 
1  What  does  little  birdie  say ' 
occurs  in  the  poem. 

SEA-FAIRIES. 

A  short  poem  in  which  the 
poet  describes  the  legendary 
syrens  of  the  sea  and  their 
enchanted  singing  which  lured 
mariners  on  to  dangerous  rocks. 
The  theme  is  taken  from  Homer. 

SILENT  VOICES,  THE 

The  poet  beseeches  the '  silent 
voices '  of  the  dead  to  urge  him 
forward — *  On  !  and  always  on  !  ' 
— not  drag  him  back. 

SIR  GALAHAD. 

A  short  poem  in  which  king 
Arthur's  youngest  and  purest 
knight  describes  himself  and  his 
quest  for  the  Holy  Grail. 

SIR  JOHN  FRANKLIN. 

Lines  on  the  cenotaph  in 
Westminster  Abbey.     The  poet 


praises  the  '  heroic  sailor-soul ' 
of  the  great  Arctic  explorer. 

SIR  JOHN  OLDCASTLE,  LORD 

COBHAM. 

Soliloquy  of  Lord  Cobham 
— one  of  the  earliest  protestants 
— who  was  burnt  for  heresy  on 
Christmas  Day,  1417. 

SIR  LAUNCELOT  AND  QUEEN 
GUINEVERE. 

A  fragment — a  description  of 
king  Arthur's  Queen  and  her 
lover,  Sir  Launcelot,  as  they 
ride  through  the  woods  in 
Spring. 

SISTERS,  THE. 

A  short  poem.  One  of  two 
sisters  is  seduced  by  an  earl, 
and  after  death  is  avenged  by 
the  death  of  the  earl  at  the 
hands  of  the  surviving  sister. 

SISTERS,  THE   (EVELYN    AND 
EDITH). 

A  narrative  in  blank  verse. 
A  man  tells  the  story  of  his  love 
for  two  sisters.  He  married  one 
but  was  never  able  to  make  up 
his  mind  which  he  cared  for 
most.  His  wife  was  alienated 
from  him  by  hearing  of  his 
former  wooing  of  her  sister — 
since  dead. 

SNOWDROP,  THE. 

A  single  stanza  in  which  the 
poet  welcomes  the  first  appear- 
ance of  the  '  February  fair 
maid.' 

SONNET  TO . 


The  poet  here  seems  to  be- 
lieve in  a  former  existence,  for 


SPE] 


32 


[TIT 


he  writes  in  this  sonnet  to  a 
friend  that  at  the  first  meeting — 
'  Methought   that   I   had  often 

met  with  you, 
And    either   lived   in    either's 

heart  and  speech.' 

SPECIMEN  OF  A  TRANSLATION 
OF  THE  ILIAD  IN  BLANK 
VERSE. 

Translation  into  stirring  blank 
verse  of  Iliad  viii.  542-561. 

SPINSTER'S  SWEET- ARTS,  THE 

A  dialect  poem.  The  solilo- 
quy of  an  '  old  maid  '  who  has 
named  her  cats  after  her  one- 
time sweethearts.  She  speaks 
to  the  cats  as  though  they  were 
indeed  the  men,  and  reminds 
them  of  her  young  days  of 
courtship. 

SPIRIT  HAUNTS  THE  YEAR'S 
LAST  HOURS,  A. 

A  song  in  two  stanzas  in  which 
the  poet  laments  the  passing 
of  the  old  year. 

SPITEFUL  LETTER,  THE. 

The  soliloquy  of  a  poet  on 
receiving  a  '  Spiteful  Letter  ' 
from  a  jealous  fellow-poet. 

SUPPOSED  CONFESSIONS  OF  A 
SECOND  -  RATE  SENSITIVE 
MIND. 

Morbid,  self-centred  reflec- 
tions about  the  relation  of  the 
soul  to  God.     An  early  poem. 

TALKING  OAK,  THE. 

A  youthful  poet  obtains  an 
account  of  the  doings — in  his 
absence — of  the  girl  he  loves 
from  an  oak  gifted  with  speech. 


In  return  for  the  information 
he  vows  to  honour  the  oak  in 
prose  and  rhyme  and  make  for 
his  bride  a  chaplet  of  oak-leaves. 
A  playful  narrative  in  quatrains. 

THIRD    OF    FEBRUARY,   1852. 

Lines  written  on  the  political 
situation  at  this  time.  The 
poet  regrets  with  scorn  the 
suggestion  of  the  House  of 
Lords  that  English  politicians 
should  curb  their  '  honest  ce:.  - 
sure  '  in  order  to  placate  France, 
who,  at  this  time,  was  regarded 
as  somewhat  of  a  menace  to 
England. 

THROSTLE,  THE. 

A  short  set  of  verses  in  which 
the  poet  sets  words  to  the  music 
of  the  song-thrush  and  hails  the 
bird  as  a  '  wild  little  poet.' 

TIRESIAS. 

Tiresias,  as  a  young  man,  had 
looked  upon  Pallas  Athene  as 
she  came  from  the  bath.  He 
was  blind  from  that  time,  but 
also  gifted  with  a  fatal  gift  of 
prophecy  to  which  none  would 
give  ear.  In  this  poem  the 
old  and  dying  Tiresias  tells  his 
son  the  story  of  his  life,  and 
prophesies  the  ruin  of  Thebes 
unless  the  young  man  will  fight 
bravely  for  the  city  of  his  birth. 
The  poem  was  suggested  by  the 
Phcenisste   of    Euripides. 

TITHONUS. 

A  soliloquy  in  blank  verse,  in 
which  Tithonus  regrets  bitterly 
the  irrevocable  gift  of  immor- 


TO] 


tality  bestowed  on  him  by  the 
gods.  The  story  is  told  in  the 
Homeric  Hymn  to  Aphrodite. 

TO  ALFRED  TENNYSON,  MY 
GRANDSON. 

Lines  written  to  '  golden- 
hair'd  Ally,'  grandson  and  name- 
sake of  the  poet,  who  is  ad- 
dressed as  a  '  Glorious  poet  who 
never  hast  written  a  line.' 

TO  DANTE. 

Lines  written  at  request  of 
the  Florentines.  The  poet 
casts  at  Dante's  feet  his  tribute 
of  verse. 

TO  E.  FITZGERALD. 

Lines  written  on  the  death 
of  Edward  Fitzgerald,  an  old 
and  close  friend  of  the  poet. 
In  these  lines  Tennyson  intro- 
duces a  hope  of  eternal  life  into 
his  sadness  at  his  friend's  death. 

TO  E.  L.,  ON  HIS  TRAVELS  IN 
GREECE. 

Lines  to  a  friend  who  had  ap- 
parently sent  the  poet  vivid 
accounts  of  Greece,  for  Tenny- 
son declares  himself  to  be 
transported  in  spirit  to  the 
Greece  of  the  Golden  Age. 
*  E.  L.'  was  Edmund  Lushing- 
ton,  who  married  Tennyson's 
sister. 

TO    H.R.H.     PRINCESS     BEA- 
TRICE. 

Lines  written  on  the  marriage 
of  princess  Beatrice,  daughter 
of  queen  Victoria.  The  poet 
rejoices  that  the  princess's 
marriage      will      not      entirely 


33  I™ 

separate  her  from  her  widowed 
mother. 


TO  J.  M.  K. 

A  sonnet  written  to  a  '  soldier 
priest.' 

TO  J.  S. 

Lines  written  to  a  friend  on 
the  death  of  a  brother,  who  was 
also  a  friend  of  the  poet. 

TO  MARY  BOYLE. 

Lines  written  to  accompany 
a  copy  of  The  Progress  of  Spring, 
sent  by  the  poet  to  induce  his 
friend  to  leave  London  for  his 
own  country  home. 

TOMORROW. 

A  narrative  poem.  An  old 
woman  recognizes  the  body  of 
a  young  man  laid  in  an  Irish 
churchyard  as  that  of  the  lover 
of  her  girlhood  days.  The  man 
had  been  lost  in  a  peat  bog,  and 
the  peat  had  preserved  the  body 
perfectly. 

TO  ONE  WHO  RAN  DOWN  THE 
ENGLISH. 

Four  lines  in  which  the  poet 
expresses  his  hope  that  the 
fears  of  one  who  depreciated 
the  English  may  prove  false. 

TO  PROFESSOR  JEBB. 

Three  stanzas  dedicating 
Demeter  and  Persephone  to 
Professor   Jebb. 

TO  THE  DUKE  OF  ARGYLL. 

Lines  to  the  *  Patriot  States- 
man '  in  which  the  poet  urges 
wisdom,  foresight  and  courage. 
D 


TO] 


TO    THE    MARQUIS    OF    DUF- 
FERIN  AND  AVA. 

Viceroy  of  India.  The  poet 
praises  the  virtues  of  the  mar- 
quis and  mourns  for  Lionel 
Tennyson,  who  died  in  India, 
and  whose  memory  brought  to 
the  poet  affectionate  memories 
of  lord  Dufferin. 

TO  THE  MASTER  OF  BALLIOL. 

Lines  written  to  dedicate 
The  Death  of  GLnone  to  the 
Master  of  Balliol. 

TO  THE  PRINCESS  FREDERICA 
OF  HANOVER  ON  HER 
MARRIAGE. 

A  marriage  blessing  in  which 
the  poet  assures  the  Princess 
that  her  dead  father's  blessing 
is  upon  her. 

TO  THE  QUEEN.  I. 

A  Dedication  to  queen  Vic- 
toria of  the  poet's  collected 
poems — '  this  poor  book  of 
song.'  The  poem  was  written 
on  the  occasion  of  Tennyson's 
appointment  as  Poet  Laureate, 
1850. 

TO  THE  QUEEN.  II. 

An  epilogue  to  The  Idylls  of 
the  King,  in  which  with  fervent 
loyalty  the  poet  begs  her  to 
accept  them  as  a  tribute  to  the 
memory  of 

*  one  to  whom  I  made  it  o'er 
his  grave.' 
He  prays  for  blessings  for  the 
Queen  and  England. 

TO  THE  REV.  F.  D.  MAURICE. 

An  invitation  to  pay  a  visit 


34  [TO 

to  the  poet  and  his  family  sent 
by  Tennyson  to  the  godfather 
of  Hallam  Tennyson. 

TO  THE  REV.  W.  H.  BROOK- 
FIELD. 

A  sonnet  written  at  the  death 
of  an  old  Cambridge  friend. 
The  poet  recalls  past  companion- 
ship and  prays  a  blessing  for  the 
dead. 

TO  ULYSSES. 

Lines  sent  by  the  poet  to  W. 
G.  Palgrave.  Ulysses  was  the 
title  of  a  book  of  Palgrave's 
Essays,  descriptive  of  Travels. 
This  poem  conveys  the  poet's 
pleasure  in  this  book  of  Pal- 
grave's Essays — a  '  various  book  ' 
— in  thanks  for  which  he  sends 
'  a  gift  of  slenderer  value,'  a 
book  of  his  own. 

TOURNEY,  THE. 

The  story  of  a  knight  who 
was  victorious  in  a  tourney  and 
won  his  lady-love.  A  short 
poem  in  three  stanzas. 

TO  VICTOR  HUGO. 

A  sonnet  written  to  Victor 
Hugo,  after  Lionel  Tennyson 
had  visited  the  French  poet  in 
France. 

TO  VIRGIL. 

A    poem     in     ten     stanzas. 

Tennyson   salutes    the    ancient 

poet  as  the 

*  Wielder  of  the  stateliest  mea- 
sure ever  moulded  by  the 
lips  of  man.' 

TO  W.  C.  MACREADY. 

A    sonnet    addressed    to    the 


TO] 


actor  on  his  retirement  from  the 
stage. 

TO WITH  PALACE  OF  ART. 

Lines  in  which  the  poet  dedi- 
cated his  '  sort  of  allegory,'  to  a 
friend  who  '  will  understand.' 

TWO  VOICES,  THE. 

The  poem  is  an  account  of  the 
agitations,  the  suggestions,  and 
counter-suggestions  of  a  mind 
sunk  in  hopeless  despondency, 
and  meditating  self-destruction ; 
together  with  the  manner  of  its 
recovery  to  a  more  healthy 
condition. 

ULYSSES. 

A  short  poem.  The  solilo- 
quy of  the  aged  Ulysses  ex- 
pressing his  unconquerable  love 
of  adventure.  He  leaves  his 
son  to  manage  his  kingdom  and 
sets  forth  once  more  on  his 
voyaging  with  undiminished 
zest.  The  theme  of  the  poem 
is  from  Dante's  Inferno,  Canto 

XXVI. 

VASTNESS. 

A  poem  in  which  the  poet 
declares  the  whole  Creation 
to  be  simply  an  unmeaning 
vastness  unless  interpreted  by 
the  doctrine  of  the  immortality 
of  life  and  love. 

VICTIM,  THE. 

A  narrative  poem.  An  an- 
cient kingdom  was  ravaged  by 
plague  and  famine.  The  priests 
consulted  the  gods  and  declared 
that  only  the  sacrifice  of  the 
*  nearest   and   dearest '   to   the 


35  i™1 

king  would  appease  their  wrath. 
The  priests  took  the  king's  only 
son,  but  at  the  last  moment  the 
queen  substituted  herself  for 
her  son,  declaring  that  she  was 
the  dearest  to  the  king. 

VILLAGE  WIFE,  THE. 

A  poem  in  Lincolnshire  dia- 
lect, in  which  an  old  '  village 
wife  '  tells  the  story  of  an  old 
book-loving,  impractical  squire, 
whose  estate  was  entailed,  and 
was  to  come  to  the  nearest  male 
relation,  passing  over  the  squire's 
many  daughters.  The  death  of 
the  squire  and  his  only  son  at  the 
same  time  leaves  the  daughters 
entirely  unprovided  for,  and  a 
stranger  becomes  squire  and 
owner  of  the  estate. 

VISION  OF  SIN,  THE. 

A  poem  in  which  the  poet 
recounts  a  vision  of  a  purely 
sensual  soul.  It  may  have  been 
suggested  by  Shelley's  Triumph 
of  Life. 

VOICE   AND  THE  PEAK,  THE. 

The  Peak  signifies  height,  the 
voice  of  the  Peak  is  drawn  down- 
wards, for  '  the  deep  has  power 
on  the  height,'  but  the  '  thought 
of  man  '  is  higher  and  deeper 
than  either,  and  will  endure  long 
after 

1  The  valley,  the  voice,  the  peak, 
the  star, 
Pass,  and  are  found  no  more.' 

VOICE    SPAKE    OUT    OF    THE 
SKIES,  A. 

A  fragment.  A  heavenly 
voice  declares  that  the  earth  will 


VOY] 


36 


[WIL 


endure  but  for  a  moment.  The 
poet  in  answer  to  a  beggar's 
cry  for  food,  reflects  that  if  the 
Voice  speak  truth,  the  giving 
and  receiving  of  food  is  of  very 
little  moment. 

VOYAGE,  THE. 

A  poem  in  twelve  stanzas. 
The  story  of  an  endless  voyage 
in  the  wake  of  a  vision — 

' — blind  or  lame  or  sick  or 

sound, 
We    follow    that    which    flies 
before.' 

VOYAGE  OF  MAELDUNE,  THE. 

The  story  of  a  legendary  Irish 
Chief  who  called  his  men  to- 
gether to  sail  with  him  to  the 
Isle  of  Finn  to  avenge  the  death 
of  his  father.  They  reached 
the  Isle,  but  were  blown  away  be- 
fore they  could  land.  They  con- 
tinued their  voyage  and  landed 
at  various  magic  islands  in  all 
of  which  they  fought.  After  a 
while  they  came  to  the  Isle  of 
Brendan,  who  blest  them  and 
bade  them  '  Let  the  past  be 
past,'  so  when  they  reached  the 
Isle  of  Finn  where  the  murderer 
of  Maeldune's  father  was,  they 
forewent  revenge  and  left  the 
murderer  alive. 

WAGES. 

'  The  wages  of  sin  is  death,' 
but,  says  the  poet,  the  wages  of 
virtue  is  '  the  glory  of  going  on.' 
Two  stanzas. 

WALKING  TO  THE  MAIL. 

A  conversation  in  blank  verse 
between  two  men  walking  to  the 


mail.  They  discuss  a  neigh- 
bour and  politics,  and  their  own 
youthful  doings. 

WANDERER,  THE. 

Four  stanzas  in  which  a  '  wan- 
derer '  bids  farewell  to  his  friends 
and  passes  on. 

WAN  SCULPTOR,  WEEPEST 
THOU  TO  TAKE  THE  CAST 

A  sonnet  in  which  the  poet 
contrasts  the  grief  of  a  sculptor 
or  painter  making  a  portrait  of 
some  dead  friend  with  the 
greater  grief  of  one  who  mourns 
the  death  of  love  itself — more 
generous  than  the  death  of 
love's  object. 

WELCOME  TO  ALEXANDRA,  A. 

A  poem  written  to  welcome 
the  young  and  beautiful  Danish 
bride  of  the  Prince  of  Wales — 
afterwards  Edward  VII.  It  is 
full  of  enthusiasm  and  praise  for 
the  young  Princess,  now  the 
Queen-mother. 

WELCOME  TO  H.R.H.  MARIE 
ALEXANDROVNA,  DUCHESS 
OF  EDINBURGH. 

Another  poem  of  welcome  for 
a  bride.  It  was  written  at  the 
time  of  the  marriage  of  the 
duke  of  Edinburgh  with  the 
Russian  princess  Marie  Alex- 
androvna . 

WILL. 

Two  stanzas  in  which  the  poet 
praises  the  man  who  possesses 
a  strong  will  and  pities  the  man 
whose  will  is  weak. 


WIL] 


37 


[YOU 


WILL    WATERPROOF'S    LYRI- 
CAL MONOLOGUE. 

A  monologue  of  a  wine-loving 
man,  seated  in  his  favourite 
tavern.  It  is  a  discourse  upon 
wine  and  the  purely  physical 
pleasures  of  life,  in  light,  humor- 
ous verse. 

WINDOW,  THE. 

A  song  cycle  '  in  the  German 
fashion '  written  for  music  of 
sir  Arthur  Sullivan.  The  story 
is  a  series  of  little  songs  of  the 
loves  of  two  wrens. 

WINDS,  AS  AT  THEIR  HOUR  OF 
BIRTH,  THE. 

A  song,  in  two  stanzas,  of  the 
freedom  of  the  winds. 

WRECK,  THE. 

A  woman,  unhappily  married, 
escapes  by  sea  with  a  more  con- 
genial lover  than  her  husband. 
She  is  haunted  by  memories  of 
her  only  child,  and  when,  after 
ten  days,  the  boat  is  wrecked 
and  her  lover  killed,  she  cries  to 


be  taken  back  to  it.  Her  re- 
morse comes  too  late,  as  the 
child  died  on  the  night  of  the 
wreck.  The  poem  is  in  the 
form  of  a  story  told  by  the 
woman  herself  to  her  mother. 

YOU  ASK  ME  WHY,  THO'  ILL 
AT  EASE. 

In  this  poem  the  poet  answers 
those  who  question  him  as  to 
why,  in  spite  of  disadvantage, 
he  still  chooses  to  live  in  Eng- 
land. England  is  free,  '  a  man 
may  speak  the  thing  he  will,' 
but  in  spite  of  his  choice  of 
England  as  a  permanent  home, 
the  poet  desires  to  visit  other 
lands  before  he  dies. 

YOU  MIGHT  HAVE  WON  THE 
POET'S  NAME. 

A  poem  written  after  reading 
a  biography  of  one  who  '  might 
have  won  the  poet's  name  '  but 
preferred  a  silent  '  deedful '  life 
and  so  escaped  the  unseemly 
posthumous  publicity  which  is 
the  lot  of  poets. 


THE   TENNYSON    DICTIONARY 


ABADDON. 

The  angel  of  the  bottomless 
pit. 

And  they  had  a  king  over  them,  which  is 
the  angel  of  the  bottomless  pit,  whose  name 
in  the  Hebrew  tongue  is  Abaddon.  Rev. 
ix.  2. 


ABDIEL. 


St.  Simeon  Stylites. 


One  of  the  Seraphim,  who 
withstood  Satan  in  his  revolt 
against  God. 

So  spake  the  Seraph  Abdiel,  faithful  found  » 
Among  the  faithless  faithful  only  he  ; 
Among  innumerable  false  unmoved, 
Unshaken,  unseduced,  unterrified, 
His  loyalty  he  kept,  his  love,  his  zeal; 
Milton  :   Paradise  Lost,  Book  v.  896-900. 


Milton. 


ABEL. 


Hear  me,  son.  As  gold 
Outvalues  dross,  light  darkness,  Abel  Cain, 
The  soul  the  body,  and  the  Church  the  Throne, 

Becket. 
ABOMINABLE. 

The  Abominable,  that  uninvited  came 
Into  the  fair  Peleian  banquet-hall. 

Has  reference  to  Eris,  the 
Greek  goddess  of  strife  and  dis- 
cord. She  was  the  only  goddess 
who  was  not  invited  to  the 
marriage  of  Peleus  and  Thetis, 
and  in  revenge  threw  a  golden 
apple  among  the  guests,  which 
led  to  the  Trojan  war. 

CEnone. 
ABSALOM. 

Deal  gently  with  the  young  man  Absalom. 

Bishop  Foliot's  reference  to 
Archbishop  Becket. 

Becket. 


ab6  said. 

Sufee  poet,  born  a.d.  968* 
died  at  the  age  of  83.  He  was 
a  mystical  poet,  and  some  of 
his  expressions  have  been  com- 
pared to  our  George  Herbert, 
Poet's  Note. 

Akbar's  Dream. 

ACACIA. 

The  name  of  a  thorny  tree 
found  in  Egypt. 

The  Princess  ;  Maud. 

ACADEME. 

=Academy. 

who  could  think 
The  softer  Adams  of  your  Academe, 

Shakespeare  in  Love's  Labour's 
Lost  uses  the  same  term. 

The  Princess. 

AC  ANTHUS-  WRE  ATH. 

The  Acanthus  is  a  prickly 
plant,  the  leaves  of  which  are 
reproduced  in  the  capital  of 
Corinthian  and  Composite  Or- 
ders. Lotos-Eaters. 

ACHJEANS. 

The  common  name  for  the 
Greek  nation  in  the  Homeric 
period. 

Achilles  over  the  Trench. 

ACHILLES. 

Son  of  Peleus  and  Thetis, 
grandson  of  ^Eacus,  king  of  the 
island  of  iEgina,  and  the  most 


39 


ACH] 

famous    of    the    Greek    heroes 
in  the   Trojan   war.    When   a 
baby  he  was  taken  to  the  river 
Styx,  for  it  was  said  that  those 
who  bathed  in  its  waters  could 
never  be  wounded.     Afraid  to 
let  go  her  child  for  fear  he  might 
drown,     his     mother     plunged 
him  into  the  tide,  holding  him 
fast    by    one    heel.     This    she 
held  so  tightly  that  the  waters 
never  wet  it,  and    some  time 
after,      when     too     late      to 
remedy  it,  the  oracle  told  her 
lie  would  be  wounded  in  his 
heel.     At  Troy  he  slew  Hector, 
tied  the  corpse  by  the  heels  to 
his  chariot  and  dragged  it  three 
times  round  the  walls  of  Troy. 
After  several  other  great  fights 
Achilles    was    wounded    in    his 
heel  by  a  poisoned  arrow,  shot 
by  Paris,  from  which  he  died. 
Thus  was  fulfilled  the  prophecy. 
Upon  his  death  his  arms  were 
awarded  to  Ulysses,  who  after- 
wards saw  and  conversed  with 
him  in  Hades.     It  is  supposed 
that   he    married   Helen    after 
the  siege  of  Troy,   but  others 
maintain  that  he  was  married 
after    death    in    the    island    of 
Leuce,    where    many    of    the 
ancient  heroes  lived. 

It  may  be  we  shall  touch  the  Happy  Isles, 
And  see  the  great  Achilles,  whom  we  knew. 

The  story  of  his  quarrel  with 
Agamemnon  —  who  deprived 
him  of  his  favourite  mistress, 
Briseis — is  the  main  subject  of 
the  Iliad  of  Homer.  In  the 
Odyssey  he  is  one  of  the  heroes 
of  the   underworld   visited   by 


4°  [ACR 

Odysseus,  and  is  also  one  of  the 
characters      in       Shakespeare's 
Troilus  and  Cressida. 
Ulysses  ;  Achilles  over  the  Trench. 

ACRE. 

A   seaport    on    the    coast    of 
Syria,  on  a  promontory  north 
of  Mount  Carmel.     It  was  cap- 
tured by  the  Saracens  in  638, 
by  the  Crusaders  in   1104,  re- 
captured   by    the    Saracens    in 
1 1 87,  and  in  1191,  after  a    two 
years'  siege  and  a  loss  of  300,000 
soldiers,   it   was    taken    by   the 
Crusaders  under  Richard  Cceur 
de   Lion  and  Philip  Augustus. 
It   was    then   named    St.   Jean 
d'Acre  on  account  of  it  being 
the  headquarters  of  the  Knights 
of  the  Order  of  St.  John.     It 
was  again  taken  by  the  Saracens 
in  1 29 1,  when  60,000  Christians 
perished.     In  15 17  it  was  cap- 
tured by  the  Turks,  and  in  1799 
was    besieged    by    the    French 
under  Napoleon,  but  was  suc- 
cessfully defended  by  the  gar- 
rison with  the  aid  of  English 
sailors  under  sir  Sydney  Smith. 
In    1832    it    was    stormed    by 
Ibrahim  Pasha,  son  of  the  vice- 
roy of  Egypt,  in  whose  posses- 
sion   it    remained    until  1840, 
when  it  was  captured  by  a  com- 
bined   English,    Austrian    and 
Turkish  fleet  under  sir  Robert 
Stopford. 

The  Foresters. 
ACRISIUS. 

The  included  Danae  has  escaped  again 
Her  tower,  and  her  Acrisius — where  to  seek  ? 
I  have  been  about  the  city. 

In  Greek  mythology,  king  of 


ACT] 


41 


Argos  and  father  of  Danae  (q.v). 
Being  told  by  an  oracle  that  his 
daughter's  son  would  kill  him, 
he  kept  her  shut  up  in  a  tower 
of  brass,  where  she  became  the 
mother  of  Perseus — who  won 
the  Golden  Fleece,  and  cut 
off  the  Gorgon's  head — by- 
Jupiter,  in  the  form  of  a 
golden  shower.  Acrisius  then 
ordered  his  daughter  and  her 
child  to  be  cast  into  the  sea, 
but  they  were  rescued  by  a 
fisherman  named  Dictys.  When 
Perseus  was  grown  to  manhood, 
wishing  to  show  his  skill  in 
throwing  the  quoit,  he  by  mis- 
adventure struck  the  foot  of 
Acrisius  with  a  quoit,  which 
caused  his  death,  and  thus  the 
oracle  was  unhappily  fulfilled. 
Acrisius  reigned  about  31  years. 
Becket. 

ACTON  (Roger).   See  Roger  Acton. 

ADAIR.    See  Ellen,  Ellen  Adair. 


ADAM. 


For  since  the  time  when  Adam  first 
Embraced  his  Eve  in  happy  hour, 

And  every  bird  of  Eden  burst 
In  carol,  every  bud  to  flower, 

j-Dreatn. 


Day- 


ADAM. 

so  might  there  be 
Two  Adams,  two  mankinds,  and  that  was  clean 
Against  God's  work : 

Columbus. 
ADAM. 

From  yon  blue  heavens  above  us  bent 
The  gardener  Adam  and  his  wife 
Smile  at  the  claims  of  long  descent. 

Lady  Clara  Fere  de  Fere. 
ADAMS. 

who  could  think 
The  softer  Adams  of  your  Academe, 

The  Princess. 


[1E0 

Adam  is  used  here  as  '  Galen  ' 
in  Canto  1,  line  19. 

ADAM'S  WINE. 

A  cant  phrase  for  water  as  a 
beverage. 

Northern  Cobbler. 
ADDER 

A  small  serpent  of  the  genus 
Vi'pera. 

Harold  ;    Becket. 

ADELINE. 

You  are  not  less  divine, 
But  more  human  in  your  moods, 
Than  your  twin-sister,  Adeline. 


ADELINE. 


Margaret. 
Adeline. 


ADMIRAL  OF  THE  OCEAN. 

Atitle  conferred  upon  Colum- 
bus and  on  his  heirs  and  suc- 
cessors for  ever,  by  Ferdinand 
of  Spain. 

JEAKIDES.    See  Achilles. 

/EGIS. 

In  mythology  the  shield  of 
Jupiter,  made  of  the  hide  of  the 
goat  Amalthaea.  Jupiter  gave 
this  shield  to  Pallas,  who  placed 
upon  it  Medusa's  head,  which 
turned  into  stone  all  those  who 
fixed  their  eyes  upon  it.  It 
was  the  symbol  of  divine  pro- 
tection. 

and  round 
The  warrior's  puissant  shoulders  Pallas  flung 
Her  fringed  aegis, 

Achilles  over  the  Trench. 

JEOLIAN  HARP. 

A  stringed  instrument  con- 
sisting of  a  box,  on  or  in  which 
were  stretched  strings,  on  which 
the  wind  acted  to  produce  the 


OS] 


42 


[AGR 


notes.     It    was    usually   placed 
at  an  open  window. 

Two  Voices. 
iESOP. 

Inverted  iEsop — mountain  out  of  mouse. 
Say   for   ten    thousand   ten — and   pothouse 
knaves, 

iEsop  was  a  famous  Greek 
fabulist  who  lived  in  the  sixth 
century  B.C.  Little  is  known 
of  his  history  except  that  he 
was  a  native  of  Phrygia  and  a 
slave,  but  subsequently  set 
free  by  Jadmon  of  Samos. 
Visiting  the  court  of  Croesus 
he  gained  his  confidence  to 
such  an  extent  that  he  was 
sent  on  several  missions,  on 
one  of  which  to  Delphi  he 
was  put  to  death  by  the  priests. 
(b.c.  620-560). 

Queen  Mary. 
JETNA. 

A  mountain  on  the  east  coast 
of  Sicily,  noted  for  its  volcano. 
Demeter    and    Persephone ; 
Lover's  Tale. 

AFRIC  (Africa). 

The  voices  of  our  universal  sea 

On  capes  of  Afric  as  on  cliffs  of  Kent, 
The  Maoris  and  that  Isle  of  Continent, 

And  loyal  pines  of  Canada  murmur  thee, 

A  Welcome  to  Her  Royal 
Highness  Marie  Alex- 
androvna,  Duchess  of 
Edinburgh. 

AGARIC. 

A  fungus,  to  which  the  com- 
mon mushroom  belongs. 

Edwin  Morris  ;  Gareth  and 
Lynette. 

AGATHA. 

A  sister  of  mercy,  who  per- 
suaded Eva  Steer,  who  was  sup- 


posed to  be  drowned,  to  return 
home  to  her  father  and  implore 
his  forgiveness.  Agatha  rescued 
Eva  when  she  was  about  to 
commit  suicide  by  drowning. 
Promise  of  May. 

AGAVE. 

A  plant,  native  of  the  warmer 
parts  of  America.  It  takes 
from  ten  to  seventy  years, 
according  to  climate,  to  attain 
maturity,  the  stem  rising  to  a 
height  of  40  feet. 

The  Daisy. 
AGINCOURT. 

A  village  in  Pas-se-Calais 
where  one  of  the  more  import- 
ant battles  in  the  Hundred 
Years'  War  was  fought ;  Henry  V 
defeating  the  French  on  October 
25,  1415. 

The  Princess. 
AGLA'IA. 

The  child  of  Lady  Psyche. 
Means  brightness,  and  is  the 
name  of  one  of  the  Graces. 

Her  maiden  babe,  a  double  April  old, 
Aglaia  slept. 

The  Princess. 

AGNED-CATHREGONION. 

The  scene  of  one  of  king 
Arthur's  battles.  Some  author- 
ities consider  it  to  be  a  hill  in 
Somersetshire ;  according  to 
others  Edinburgh  is  the  place, 
as  the  old  name  of  that  city  was 
Agned. 

And  up  in  Agned-Cathregonion  too, 
And  down  the  waste  sand-shores  of  Trath 
•',         Treroit,  i 

Where  manyJ'aTieathen  fell ;  * 

Lancelot  and  Elaine. 

AGRIPPINA. 

A    cultured   and    courageous 


AGY] 


43 


[AKR 


Roman  matron,  daughter  of 
Vipsanius  Agrippa  and  Julia, 
and  the  granddaughter  of  the 
emperor  Augustus.  She  mar- 
ried Germanicus,  whom  she 
accompanied  on  his  campaigns, 
and  upon  his  death  brought 
his  ashes  to  Rome  ;  was  subse- 
quently exiled  to  the  island  of 
Pandataria,  by  Tiberius,  where 
she  died  in  33  a.d. 


Of  Agrippina. 


and  the  Roman  brows 


The  Princess  here  is  pointing  out 
the  brows  on  the  marble  statue 
of  Agrippina. 

The  Princess. 
AGYPT  (Egypt). 

Tomorrow. 

AIDONEUS. 

A  surname  of  Pluto,  king 
of  the  Molossi,  who  imprisoned 
Theseus  because  he  and  Piri- 
thous  attempted  to  ravish  his 
daughter  Proserpine,  hence  the 
fable  of  the  descent  of  Theseus 
and  Pirithous  into  hell. 

Demeter  and  Persephone. 

AILMER  (John). 

Chaplain  to  Henry  Grey, 
marquis  of  Dorset,  and  tutor 
of  lady  Jane  Grey.  In  1522 
he  was  made  archdeacon  of 
Stow,  but  on  the  accession  of 
Mary  was  deprived  of  prefer- 
ments for  opposing  in  Convo- 
cation the  doctrine  of  Tran- 
substantiation,  and  fled  to 
Zurich.  In  1558,  upon  Eliza- 
beth's accession,  he  returned, 
was  made  archdeacon  of  London 
1 562  ;  D.D.  of  Oxford  1573;  and 


bishop  of  London  1577  (1521- 

1594)- 

Queen  Mary. 

AJALON. 

Than  that  earth  should  stand  at  gaze  like 
Joshua's  moon  in  Ajalon ! 

A  valley  in  Palestine,  and 
the  scene  of  a  battle  between 
Joshua  and  five  Canaanitish 
kings,  during  which  Joshua 
commanded  the  sun  and  moon 
to  stand  still. 

'  Sun,  stand  thou  still  upon  Gibeon  ;  and  thou, 
Moon,  in  the  valley  of  Ajalon.'    Joshua  x.  12. 

Locksley  Hall. 

AKB  AR     ( Jellal  -  Ud  -  Din  -  Mo  - 
hammed). 

The  greatest  of  the  Mogul 
emperors,  who,  at  the  age  of 
13,  succeeded  his  father  Huma- 
yun.  Assuming  the  reins  of 
government  at  the  age  of  18, 
he  commenced  his  conquest  of 
Hindustan.  He  subdued  and 
ruled  over  fifteen  provinces, 
and  his  empire  extended  from 
Cashmir  to  Ahmedabad  and 
from  Cabul  to  Dacca.  His 
reign  was  marked  by  his  daring 
change  of  policy  from  fanatical 
Mohammedanism  to  universal 
tolerance.  He  consulted  Mo- 
hammedans, Hindus,  Parsees,. 
Jews  and  Christians,  and  drew 
up  a  new  faith  upon  eclectic 
principles,  by  which  he  hoped 
to  unite  all  creeds  and  peoples ; 
he  abolished  the  poll-tax  on 
infidels  and  the  pilgrimage  tax 
on  Hindus  (i  542-1 605). 

Akbar's  Dream. 

AKROKERAUNIAN  WALLS. 

The  long  divine  Peneian  pass, 
The  vast  Akrokeraunian  walls, 


ALB] 


44 


[ALC 


The  Acroceraunia  :  a  moun- 
tain range  along  the  coast  of 
north-west  Greece  jutting  out 
into  the  Ionian  sea. 

To  E.  L. 


ALBERIGHI  (Federigo  degli). 
Federigo  degli  Alberighi. 


See 


ALBERT. 

The  Prince  Consort,  husband 
of  queen  Victoria.  Before  the 
Idylls  of  the  King  were  pub- 
lished the  Prince  died  (1861), 
and  to  his  memory  they  were 
afterwards  dedicated. 

These     to    His    Memory — since    he    held 

them  dear, 
Perchance  as  finding  there  unconsciously 
Some  image  of  himself — I  dedicate, 
I  dedicate,  I  consecrate  with  tears — 
These  Idylls. 

In  the  concluding  lines  of  the 
Dedication  Tennyson  added 
some  words  of  comfort  to  the 
Queen  on  the  death  of  the 
Prince  : 

May  all  love, 
His  love,  unseen  but  felt,  o'ershadow  Thee, 
The  love  of  all  Thy  sons  encompass  Thee, 
The  love  of  all  Thy  daughters  cherish  Thee, 
The  love  of  all  Thy  people  comfort  Thee, 
Till  God's  love  set  Thee  at  his  side  again  ! 

The  success  of  the  Exhibition 
of  1 85 1  was  mainly  due  to  the 
efforts  of  the  Prince,  who  at 
the  time  of  his  death  was  plan- 
ning the  International  Ex- 
hibition of  1862.  In  the  Ode 
sung  at  the  Opening  of  the  Inter- 
national Exhibition,  and  the 
Opening  of  the  Indian  and 
Colonial  Exhibition  by  the 
Queen,  the  poet  alludes  to  the 
part  played  by  the  Prince  in 
connexion  with  these  two  Ex- 
hibitions. 

It  was  chiefly  owing  to  the 


Prince's  admiration  of  In  Me- 
moriam  that  Tennyson  was 
appointed    Poet    Laureate. 

Dedication  of  Idylls. 
ALBERT. 

And  with  him  Albert  came  on  his. 

I  look'd  at  him  with  joy  ; 
As  cowslip  unto  oxlip  is, 

So  seems  she  to  the  boy. 

Brother  of  Olivia,  who  was 
betrothed  to  Walter. 

Talking  Oak. 
ALBION. 

Ancient  name  for  Britain,  in 
use  among  the  early  Celtic 
inhabitants.  The  word  means 
1  white  island '  and  was  used 
by  the  Gauls  to  describe  the 
white-chalked  cliff  land  they 
saw  to  the  North. 
On  the  Jubilee  of  Queen  Victoria. 

ALCESTIS. 

Had  I  but  known  you  as  I  know  you  now — 
The  true  Alcestis  of  the  time. 

In  Greek  mythology,  daughter 
of  Pelias  and  Anaxibia,  and 
wife  of  Admetus.  In  order 
that  her  father  might  be  re- 
stored to  youth  by  Medea,  she, 
with  her  sisters,  put  him  to 
death,  but  Medea  refused  to 
redeem  her  promise,  and  the 
sisters  fled  to  Admetus,  who 
married  Alcestis.  Their  bro- 
ther Acastus  with  an  army 
pursued  them,  and  Admetus 
being  taken  prisoner,  was  re- 
deemed from  death  by  Alcestis 
who  gave  herself  to  save  her 
husband;  but  Hercules  de- 
scended to  the  lower  world 
and  brought  her  back.  Alcestis 
is  the  subject  of  one  of  the 
tragedies  of  Euripides. 

Romnefs  Remorse. 


ALCJ 


45 


[ALE 


ALCOR. 

The  name  of  a  star  in  the  tail 
of  the  Great  Bear. 

Last  Tournament. 

ALDER. 

A  tree  related  to  the  birch, 

usually  growing  in  moist  land. 

Edwin    Morris,    Ampbion, 

A   Farewell,   Balin    and, 

Balan. 

ALDRED. 

Abbot  of  Tavistock,  1027 ; 
bishop  of  Worcester,  1044  > 
appointed  ambassador  by  Ed- 
ward the  Confessor  to  the 
emperor  of  Germany,  Henry  III, 
1054 ;  and  was  the  first  English 
bishop  to  visit  Jerusalem,  which 
he  did  in  1058.  On  his  return, 
he  was  made  archbishop  of 
York,  1060,  with  leave  to  hold 
his  former  See,  but  upon  visit- 
ing Rome  the  pope  refused  him 
the  pallium  unless  he  resigned 
his  former  post.  On  the  death 
of  Edward  (1066)  Aldred  sup- 
ported Harold,  and  officiated 
at  his  coronation ;  but  after 
the  battle  of  Senlac  he  became 
a  faithful  servant  of  the  Con- 
queror, and  crowned  William 
at  Westminster  before  the  year 
was  completed  in  which  he  had 
crowned  Harold  (d.  1069). 

Harold. 

ALDWYTH. 

Daughter  of  Alfgar,  and 
widow  of  Griffyth,  king  of 
Wales ;  she  subsequently  be- 
came the  wife  of  Harold. 

Harold. 


ALENCON. 

Capital  of  the  department  of 
Orne,  North  France,  once 
famous  for  its  point -lace.  The 
title  of  a  Duchy  held  by  various 
members  of  the  royal  family 
of  France,  from  Charles  II  of 
Valois.  In  1048  duke  William 
of  Normandy  captured  the 
town,  and  inflicted  great  cruelty 
on  the  inhabitants  who  had 
taunted  him  with  his  birth, 
by  hanging  raw  hides  over  the 
walls, 

hast  thou  never  heard 
His  savagery  at  Aleneon — the  town 
Hung  out  raw  hides  along  their  walls,  and 

cried, 
'  Work  for  the  tanner.' 

The  town  was  taken  and 
retaken  in  the  French  Wars 
during  the  reigns  of  Henry  V 
and  Henry  VI  of  England  ;  and 
in  1 87 1  it  capitulated  to  the 
Germans  under  the  grand  duke 
of  Mecklenburg.  The  only  re- 
mains of  the  ancient  castle  are 
three  towers  which  form  part 
of  the  present  Town  Hall. 
Harold. 

ALEXANDRA. 

Eldest  daughter  of  the  late 
king  Christian  IX  of  Denmark  ; 
married  to  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
afterwards  Edward  VII,  at  St. 
George's  Chapel,  Windsor,  on 
March  10,  1863.  The  poem 
was  written  as  a  welcome  to  her 
upon  her  arrival  in  England. 

Sea-Kings'    daughter   from    over    the    sea, 
Alexandra  ! 
Saxon  and  Norman  and  Dane  are  we, 
But  all  of  us  Danes  in  our  welcome  of  thee 
Alexandra 
Welcome  her,  thunders  of  fort  and  of  fleet 
Welcome  her,  thundering  cheer  of  the  street 

A  Welcome  to  Alexandra. 


ALE] 

ALEXANDROVNA.      See     Marie, 

Marie  Alexandrovna. 
ALFGAR. 

Son  of  Leofric,  earl  of  Mer- 
cia  and  Godgifu  (Lady  Godiva). 
He  and  his  father  supported 
king  Edward  the  Confessor 
against  earl  Godwin  at  Glou- 
cester, 1 05 1.  Was  outlawed 
by  the  Witan,  1055,  and  took 
refuge  in  Ireland ;  invaded 
Herefordshire  with  Welsh  allies 
but  was  defeated  by  Harold ; 
made  peace  and  succeeded  as 
the  earl  of  Mercia,  1057.  In 
the  same  year  he  was  again  out- 
lawed, but  regained  his  earl- 
dom with  the  help  of  Northmen. 
Harold. 
ALFRED. 

Duke  of  Edinburgh  and  duke 
of  Saxe-Coburg  and  Gotha ; 
second  son  of  queen  Victoria 
and  prince  Albert  ;  married 
February  23,  1874,  at  St. 
Petersburg  to  the  grand 
duchess  Marie  Alexandrovna, 
only  daughter  of  Alexander  II, 
czar  of  Russia.  The  bride  and 
bridegroom  made  their  public 
entry  into  London  on  March  12 
of  the  same  year. 

A   Welcome   to   Her  Royal 
Highness     Marie     Alex- 
drovna,  Duchess  of  Edin- 
burgh. 
ALFRED. 

King  of  the  West  Saxons, 
born  at  Wantage.  His  father 
was  king  Ethelwulf,  and  al- 
though the  youngest  of  five 
sons  succeeded  to  the  crown 
in  872  a.d. — at  the  age  of  22. 


46  ALF 

In  the  first  year  of  his  reign  the 
young  king  fought  nine  battles 
against  the  Danes  who  had 
overrun  the  greater  part  of 
England  north  of  the  Thames. 
After  a  respite  of  several  years 
a  second  invasion  took  place 
in  878  under  Guthrum,  king 
of  the  Danes  in  East  Anglia, 
who  overran  Somerset  without 
opposition,  and  Alfred  retired 
to  Athelney,  where  tradition 
says  he  burnt  the  cakes.  In 
the  same  year  he  inflicted  a 
defeat  on  the  Danes  at  Edington 
in  Wiltshire.  By  the  peace 
of  Wedmore,  Guthrum  con- 
sented to  become  a  Christian  and 
to  acknowledge  the  supremacy 
of  Alfred  of  the  country  south 
of  the  Thames  and  the  greater 
part  of  Mercia.  He  subse- 
quently devoted  himself  to 
legislation,  the  administration 
of  government,  and  to  the 
encouragement  of  learning,  be- 
ing himself  a  man  of  letters. 
It  is  to  him  we  owe  the  founda- 
tion of  England's  greatness  on 
the  seas  (849-901). 

An  Ode  on  the  death  of  the 

Duke      of      Wellington  ; 

Harold. 

ALFWIG. 

Abbot  of  New  Minster  and 
uncle  of  king  Harold.  With 
twelve  of  his  monks,  joined 
Harold  at  the  battle  of  Senlac, 
and  after  the  battle  was  found 
among  the  slain,  his  body  being 
recognized  by  the  habit  of  his 
order. 


ALI] 


47 


[ALL 


Osgod.     I  am  sure  this  body 
Is  Alfwig,  the  king's  uncle. 
Athelric.    So  it  is  ! 

Harold. 
ALICE. 

A  lady  in  waiting  to  queen 
Mary. 

Queen  Mary. 
ALICE. 

Daughter  of  a  wealthy  miller, 
betrothed  to  a  man  whose 
parents  at  first  thought  he 
'  might  have  looked  a  little 
higher.'  They  were  married, 
and  in  later  years  her  husband 
expressed  a  wish  that  they  might 
die  together. 

Pray,  Alice,  pray,  my  darling  wife, 
That  we  may  die  the  self-same  day. 

Miller's  Daughter. 
ALICE. 

The  nurse  of  the  supposed 
lady  Clare.  On  the  eve  of  the 
wedding  of  lady  Clare  and 
lord  Ronald,  Alice  revealed  to 
her  the  secret  of  her  birth, 
namely,  that  she  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  her  own  nurse. 

Lady  Clare. 
ALICE. 

There's  Margaret  and  Mary,  there's  Kate  and 

Caroline  : 
But  none  so  fair  as  little  Alice  in  all  the  land 

they  say. 

May  Queen. 
ALIF. 

we  scarce  can  spell 
The  Alif  of  Thine  alphabet  of  Love. 

The  first  letter  of  the  Arabic 
alphabet. 

Akbarys  Dream. 
ALINGTON. 

A  castle — near  the  river  Med- 
way — originally  built  in  Saxon 
times  by  a  family  named  Colum- 
bary,  but  was  razed  afterwards 
by  the  Danes.     After  the  con- 


quest it  was  given  to  bishop 
Odo,  and  on  his  disgrace  to 
earl  Warrenne.  It  afterwards 
passed  to  the  Cobham  family, 
and  from  them  to  the  Brents, 
by  whom  it  was  alienated  to 
sir  Thomas  Wyatt,  who  made 
it  his  residence,  and  where  was 
born  his  son  and  successor, 
sir  Thomas  Wyatt,  Junior, 
who  was  subsequently  deprived 
of  his  estates  and  executed  for 
treason  against  Mary. 

Ah,  gray  old  castle  ofJAlington,  green  field 
Beside  the  brimming  Medway,  it  may  chance 
That  I  shall  never  look  upon  you  more. 

Queen  Mary. 
ALIOTH. 

The  name  of  a  star  in  the  tail 
of  the  Great  Bear. 

Last  Tournament. 
ALLA. 

The  word  used  by  the  Arabs 

to     denote     their    chief    god, 

and    adopted    by   Mahomet    as 

the  name  of  the  one  true  God. 

Akbar's  Dream. 

ALLAN. 

A  farmer,  father  of  William, 
to  whom  he  wished  to  wed  his 
niece  Dora. 

Dora. 

ALLEN    (Francis).    See  Francis, 
Francis  Allen. 

ALLEN. 

A  labourer  to  farmer  Steer. 
Promise  of  May. 

ALLEN  (Sally).     See  Sally,  Sally 
Allen. 

ALLENDALE  (Earl  of). 

Allen-a-Dale  of  Nottingham 
was  to  be  married  to  a  lady  who 
returned    his    love,     but     her 


ALL] 


48 


[ALP 


parents  compelled  her  to  forego 
him  for  an  old  knight  of  wealth. 
Allen  told  his  tale  to  Robin 
Hood,  who,  in  the  disguise  of  a 
harper,  went  to  the  church 
where  the  wedding  ceremony 
was  to  take  place.  '  This  is  no 
fit  match ;  the  bride  shall  be 
married  only  to  the  man  of  her 
choice,'  exclaimed  Robin,  and 
sounding  his  horn  Allen  and 
twenty-four  bowmen  entered 
the  church.  The  bishop,  how- 
ever, refused  to  marry  the 
woman  to  Allen  until  the  banns 
had  been  called  three  times, 
whereupon  Robin  pulled  off  the 
bishop's  gown,  and  placed  it 
upon  Little  John,  who  called 
the  banns  seven  times,  and  per- 
formed the  ceremony. 

The  Foresters. 

ALL-HEAL. 

A  name  applied  to  various 
plants,  as  the  mistletoe,  the 
great  valerian,  etc. 

Fastness. 
ALLY. 

Alfred  Tennyson,  grandson 
of  the  poet,  to  whom  the  poem 
is  inscribed. 

Golden-hair'd  Ally  whose  name  is  one  with 
mine, 

To  Alfred  Tennyson. 

ALMESBURY. 

A  town  in  Wiltshire  on  the 
river  Avon,  about  eight  miles 
from  Salisbury.  Elfrida,  widow 
of  Edgar,  founded  here  in  980 
a  Benedictine  nunnery  in  atone- 
ment for  the  murder  of  her  son- 
in-law,  king  Edward,  but  there 
had  been  a  more  ancient  British 


monastery  at  the  same  place, 
called  after  king  Ambrosius 
who  lies  buried  there.  Mary, 
daughter  of  king  Edward  I, 
took  the  veil  here  in  1285,  and 
two  years  later,  Eleanor,  queen 
of  Henry  III  and  the  mother 
of  Edward  I,  was  admitted. 
It  was  at  this  town  that  Guin- 
evere (q.v.)  after  the  death  of 
Arthur,  took  the  nun's  habit. 

Queen    Guinevere    had     fled    the     court 

and  sat 
There  in  the  holy  house  at  Almesbury 
Weeping,  none  with  her  save  a  little  maid, 
A  novice  I 

Guinevere. 

'  And    when   queen    Guenevcr   understood 

that  king  Arthur  was  slain,  .  .  .  she  went 

to  Almesbury,  and  there  she  let  make  herself 

a  nun,  and  wore  white  clothes  and  black.' 

Malory  :   Morte  £  Arthur,  Book  XXI,  chap. 

Guinevere  ;  Passing  of  Arthur. 

ALMSHOUSES     AT     NOTTING- 
HAM. 

Part  shall  go  to  the  almshouses  at  Notting- 
ham, part  to  the  shrine  of  our  Lady. 

The  Foresters. 
ALOE. 

A  genus  of  plants,  some  classed 
as  trees,  others  as  shrubs,  of 
considerable  medicinal  import- 
ance. 

The  Daisy. 

ALPHEGE  OF  ENGLAND. 

Monk  of  Deerhurst,  bishop  of 
Worcester  984;  archbishop  of 
Canterbury  1006.  Inaugurated 
the  Council  of  Enham,  which 
made  enactments  against  hea- 
thenism and  the  selling  of 
slaves.  By  confirming  Olaf 
Tryggwesson  in  his  Christianity 
and  obtaining  from  him  in  994 
a  promise  not  to  invade  Eng- 
land, he  incurred  the  hatred  of 


ALP] 


49 


[AMA 


the  Northmen,  and  during  the 
invasion  of  the  Danes  in  ion 
was  captured,  and  upon  refusing 
to  ransom  himself  was  put  to 
death.  His  body  was  trans- 
lated to  Canterbury  by  Knut, 
and  in  1078  he  was  canonized 
(954-1012). 

Becket. 
ALPS. 

I  climb'd  the  roofs  at  break  of  day : 
Sun-smitten  Alps  before  me  lay. 

The  great  mountain  range 
in  Europe,  forming  the  bound- 
ary between  France,  Germany 
and  Switzerland  on  the  north 
and  west,  and  Italy  on  the  south. 
The  Daisy. 

ALRASCHID.  See  Haroun  Alras- 
chid. 

ALVA  (Duke  of). 

A  distinguished  soldier  and 
a  descendant  from  one  of  the 
ancient  families  of  Spain.  \  When 
only  17  years  of  age  he  was 
selected  for  a  military  command 
by  Charles  V,  and  was  present 
at  the  battle  of  Pa  via,  1535. 
In  1547  he  gained  a  victory 
over  John  of  Saxony  at  the 
battle  of  Muhlberg  and  subse- 
quently took  part  in  the  siege 
of  Wittenburg  and  presided 
at  the  court-martial  which 
tried  and  condemned  to  death 
the  Elector.  In  1552  he  in- 
vaded France  and  was  engaged 
for  several  months  in  an  unsuc- 
cessful siege  of  Metz.  In  his 
campaign  against  pope  Paul  IV 
in  1556,  Alva  was  completely 
successful  and  was  at  the  gates 


of  Rome  when  he  was  compelled 
by  Philip  to  negotiate  a  peace, 
and  to  ask  pardon  for  having 
opposed  the  pope  in  the  war. 
In  1567  he  was  sent  to  the  Low 
Countries  to  reduce  the  Nether- 
lands to  the  Spanish  yoke, 
which  they  were  attempting  to 
throw  off.  By  his  tyranny  he 
filled  the  provinces  with  terror 
and  scenes  of  carnage,  for  which 
his  memory  is  held  in  detesta- 
tion to  this  day.  In  1573  the 
oppressed  country  was  relieved 
of  his  presence,  and  on  returning 
to  Spain  was  treated  with  dis- 
tinction by  Philip.  Falling  into 
disgrace  he  was  banished  from 
court,  and  confined  in  the  castle 
of  Uzeda,  where  he  remained 
for  two  years.  Appointed  in 
command  of  an  army  he  invaded 
Portugal  in  1581,  defeated  An- 
tonio and  subdued  the  kingdom 
(1508-1583). 

Queen  Mary. 

AMARACUS. 

=Marjoram,  a  mint-like  plant, 
used  as  a  seasoning  in  cookery. 
(Enone. 
AMARANTH. 

The  unfading  Amaranth,  so 
called  because  its  flowers  do  not 
soon  wither ;  early  employed 
as  an  emblem  of  immortality. 

Immortal  Amarant,  a  flower  which  once 
In  Paradise,  fast  by  the  Tree  of  Life, 
Megan  to  bloom,  but.  soon  for  Man's  offence 
To  Heaven  removed  where  first  it  grew, 
Milton  :  Paradise  Lost,  Book  III,  353-336. 


Lotos-Eaters  ; 
Remorse. 


Romney's 


AMARYLLIS. 

A    genus    of    bulbous -rooted 
E 


AMA] 


50 


[AMP 


plants,  including  the  narcissus, 
jonquil,  daffodil,  agave,  etc. 
Amaryllis  is  the  name  of  a 
country  girl  in  Theocritus  and 
Virgil. 

The  Daisy. 
AMAZON. 

Glanced  at  the  legendary  Amazon 
As  emblematic  of  a  nobler  age : 

In  Greek  mythology  a  race  of 
warrior  females,  said  to  have 
inhabited  the  neighbourhood 
of  the  Caucasus. 

The  Princess. 
AMBROSIA. 

for  her,  and  her, 
Hebes  are  they  to  hand  ambrosia,  mix 
The  nectar  : 

The  food  of  the  gods  which 
conferred  immortality  upon 
those  who  partook  of  it. 

The     Princess ;       Demeter 
and  Persephone. 

AMBROSIAL. 

With  rosy  slender  fingers  backward  drew 
From?  her    warm    brows     and    bosom    her 

deep  hair 
Ambrosial, 

An  epithet  used  by  Homer  of 
the  hair  of  the  gods. 

Claribel ;        (Enone ;       In 
Memoriam. 

AMBROSIALLY. 

= Delicious. 

and  opening  out  his  milk-white  palm 
Disclosed  a  fruit  of  pure  Hesperian  gold, 
That  smelt  ambrosially, 

(Enone. 
AMBROSIUS. 

A  monk. 

And  one,  a  fellow-monk  among  the  rest, 
Ambrosius,  loved  him  much  beyond  the  rest 
And  honour'd  him, 

Holy  Grail. 
AMMON. 

A  tribe,  occupying  the  region 
to  the  east  of  Jordan,  who  hired 


Balaam  to  curse  Israel.  They 
were  continually  at  war  with 
the  Israelites  until  subdued 
by  Judas  Maccabaeus. 

'  Moreover  it  is  written  that  my  race 
Hew'd  Ammon,  hip  and  thigh,  from  Aroer 
On  Arnon  unto  Minneth.' 

Dream  of  Fair  Women. 
AMMONIAN  OASIS. 

Gliding  with  equal  crowns  two  serpents  led 
Joyful  to  that  palm-planted  fountain-fed 
Ammonian  Oasis  in  the  waste. 

Refers    to    Alexander's    visit 
to  the  famous  temple  of  Jupiter 
Ammon  in  the  Libyan  desert. 
Alexander. 

AMMONITES. 

Carved  stones  of  the  Abbey-ruin  in  the  park, 
Huge  Ammonites,  and  the  first  bones  of  Time  ; 

Huge  fossil  snake-shaped 
stones,  known  in  the  middle 
ages  as  '  Cornu  Ammonis,'  so- 
called  from  the  Ammonian 
Horn  of  Ammon. 

The  Princess. 

AMOMUM. 

An  Indian  spice  plant.     It  is 
mentioned  in  Virgil's  Eclogue. 
The  Cup. 

AMPHION. 

In  Greek  mythology  son  of 
Zeus  and  Antiope,  and  twin- 
brother  of  Zethus.  He  was 
born  on  mount  Citheron,  where 
Antiope  had  fled  to  avoid  the 
resentment  of  Dirce  (q.v.),  and 
the  two  children  were  exposed, 
but  were  brought  up  by  shep- 
herds. It  is  said  that  Amphion 
invented  the  lute  and  built 
Thebes  by  the  music  of  it, 
which  was  so  melodious  that 
the   stones   danced   into   walls. 


AMP] 


51 


[ANA 


Amphion  there  the  loud  creating  lyre 
Strikes,  and  beholds  a  sudden  Thebes  aspire  ! 
Pope  :    Temple  of  Fame,  85-86. 

When  the  two  children  had 
grown  to  manhood  they  united 
to  avenge  the  wrongs  which 
their  mother  had  suffered  at 
the  hands  of  Dirce.  They 
captured  Thebes,  slew  Lycus, 
and  tied  Dirce  to  the  tail  of  a 
wild  bull  which  dragged  her 
through  precipices  until  she 
expired.  Amphion  married 
Niobe  (q.v)  who,  boasting  that 
she  was  greater  and  more  de- 
serving of  immortality  than 
Latona  was  changed  into  a  stone, 
and  in  despair  Amphion  killed 
himself.  Amphion. 

AMPHISBAENA. 

so  you  quash  rebellion  too 
For  heretic  and  traitor  are  all  one : 
Two  vipers  of  one  breed — an  amphisbaena, 
Each  end  a  sting :  Let  the  dead  letter  burn. 

A  fabled  serpent  having  two 
heads  and  able  to  move  either 
backwards  or  forwards. 

Dreadful  was  the  din 
Of  I  hissing  through  the  hall,  thick-swarming 

now 
With  complicated  monsters,  head  and  tail — 
Scorpion,  and  Asp,  and  Amphisbaena  dire, 

Milton  :  Paradise  Lost,  Book  X.  521-524. 

Queen  Mary. 
AMURATH. 

The  Third,  sixth  sultan  of 
the  Turks  (i  574-1 595).  His 
first  act  on  ascending  the  throne 
was  to  invite  all  his  brothers  to 
a  banquet  and  strangle  them. 

This  is  the  English,  not  the  Turkish  court ; 
Not  Amurath  an  Amurath  succeeds, 
But  Harry  Harry. 
Shakespeare  :  2  Henry  IV.  Act  v.  Scene  2. 

In  1579  a  commercial  treaty 
between  Amurath  and  Elizabeth 
was  ratified. 

Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cobham. 


AMY. 

The  fiancee  of  an  impetuous 
boy  lover — her  cousin — who 
found  that  his  love  had  been 
disdained.  Amy  forsook  him 
to  satisfy  the  wishes  of  her 
father,  and  married  for  money. 
On  account  of  his  unhappy 
love  affair  he  spoke  of  flight 
into  a  far  country,  and  a  mar- 
riage amid  some  savage  tribes, 
but  the  bonds  of  culture  and 
comfort  were  too  strong  for 
him,  and  the  project  of  wild 
adventure  was  abandoned  as 
quickly  as  it  was  formed.  Amy 
died  at  the  birth  of  her  first 
child,  and  sixty  years  afterwards 
her  once  boy  lover  says  : 

All  in  white  Italian  marble,  looking  still  as 

if  she  smiled, 
Lies  my  Amy  dead  in  child-birth,  dead  the 

mother,  dead  the  child. 

*  *  » 

I  this  old  white-headed  dreamer  stoopt  and 
kiss'd  her  marble  brow. 

Locksley    Hall;      Locksley 
Hall  Sixty  Tears  After. 

ANAKIM. 

I  felt  the  thews  of  Anakim, 
The  pulses  of  a  Titan's  heart ; 

Sons  of  Anak,  a  race  of  giants 
inhabiting    the    mountains    of 
Hebron,    and   who    were    con-    ' 
que  red  by  Joshua.    Joshua  xi. 
21-22. 

The  Israelites  said  they  were 
grasshoppers  as  compared  with 
the  Anakim.     'Numbers  xiii.  33. 
In  Memoriam. 

ANATOLIAN  GHOST. 

Anatolian  spectre  stories. 
To  Ulysses. 


/ 


ANE] 

ANEMONE. 

A    plant    of    the     crowfoot 
family. 

Dream,  of  Fair  Women  ;  To 
the  Rev.  F.  D.  Maurice  ; 
City  Child. 

ANDREW,  SAINT.    See  St.  An- 
drew. 

ANGELO  (Michael). 

A  famous  Italian  sculptor, 
painter  and  poet. 

In  Memoriam. 
ANGLE. 

A  German  race  of  people 
who  invaded  Britain  in  the  fifth 
century  and  settled  in  North- 
umbria  and  East  Anglia.  From 
them  the  name  of  England  was 
derived. 

Battle  of  Brunanburh  ;  Har- 
old ;    Becket. 

ANGUISANT. 

King  of  Erin,  subdued  by 
king  Arthur,  fighting  on  behalf 
of  Leodogran,  king  of  Came- 
liard. 

Coming  of  Arthur. 
ANGLIA. 

Eques  cum  pedite 

Prapediatur ! 
Illorum  in  lacrymas 

Cruor  fundatur ! 
Pereant,  pereant, 

Anglia  precatur. 


ANGLIAE. 


Hostis  per  Angliae 
Plagas  bacchatur ; 
Casa  crematur, 
Pastor  fugatur 

trucidatur  — 


ANGLIAM. 


Hostis  in  Angliam 
Ruit  praedator, 

Illorum,  Domine, 
Scutum  scindatur ! 


Harold. 


Harold 


Harold. 


52  [ANN 

ANJOU. 

An  ancient  province  of 
France.  In  11 27  the  eleventh 
count  of  Anjou  married  Plan- 
tagenet,  the  daughter  of  Henry 
I  of  England  and  became  the 
father  of  Henry  II,  who  took 
it  from  his  brother  Geoffrey 
in  1 156.  It  was  taken  from 
king  John  by  Philip  Augustus 
of  France  in  1205,  and  united 
to  the  French  kingdom  in  1328 
by  Philip  VI,  son  of  Charles  of 
Valois. 

Becket. 

ANLAF. 

A  Danish  king  who  invaded 
England  and,  joining  forces 
with  Constantius,  king  of  the 
Scots,  was  defeated  by  Athel- 
stan  (q.v)  and  his  brother 
Edmund  Atheling  {q.v)  at  the 
battle  of  Brunanburh,  a.d.  937. 
Battle  of  Brunanburh. 

ANNE. 

The  warrior  Earl  of  Allendale, 

He  loved  the  Lady  Anne  ; 
The  lady  loved  the  master  well, 

The  maid  she  loved  the  man. 

The  Foresters. 
See  Allendale  (Earl  of). 

ANNE  (Queen).    See  Boloyn. 

ANNE. 

ANNE  WHARTON. 

Wife  of  lord  Wharton,  and  a 
friend  of  lady  Jane  Grey. 

she  was  passing 
Some  chapel  down  in  Essex,  and  with  her  J 
Lady  Anne  Wharton,  and  the  Lady  Anne 
Bow'd  to  the  Pyx ; 


Queen  Mary. 


ANNE— ANNIE. 


For,  Annie,  you  see,  her  father  was  not  the 

man  to  save, 
Hadn't  a  head  to  manage,  and  drank  himself 

into  his  grave. 


ANN] 


53 


[ANT 


An  old  woman — who  had 
survived  all  her  children — re- 
lates to  her  grandchild  Annie 
the  story  of  her  life. 

Grandmother. 
ANNIE. 

An'   es  for  Miss   Annie  es    call'd  me  afoor 

my  awn  foalks  to  my  faace 
'  A   hignorant   village    wife  as   'ud   hev    to 

be  larn'd  her  awn  plaace,' 

Eldest  daughter  of  the  village 
squire.  Village  Wife. 

ANNIE. 

'  He  'says   I   shall    never    live    thro'    it,    O 

Annie,  what  shall  I  do  ?  ' 
Annie    consider'd.     '  If    I,'    said    the    wise 

little  Annie,  '  was  you, 

One  of  the  inmates  of  a  chil- 
dren's hospital,  who  suggested 
to  one  of  her  fellow  sufferers 
who  was  about  to  undergo  an 
operation,  that  she  should  pray 
for  help  to  '  the  dear  Lord  Jesus.' 

In  the  Children's  Hospital. 

ANNIE. 

ANNIE  LEE.    See  Enoch,  Enoch 

Arden. 
ANSELM. 

Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 
Born  at  Aosta  in  Piedmont. 
In  1060  entered  the  monastery 
of  Bee,  and  in  1063  was  in- 
stalled as  prior  in  succession  to 
Lanfranc,  and  fifteen  years  later 
was  elected  abbot.  Visited 
England  in  1092,  and  in  the 
following  year  accepted  the 
archbishopric  of  Canterbury 
from  William  II  who  was  lying 
ill  at  Gloucester.  Consecrated 
the  church,  erected  by  William 
I  in  1094  on  the  field  on  which 
he  defeated  Harold.  In  1494 
he  was  canonized  (1033-1109). 
Becket. 


ANT. 

A  small  insect. 

Pelleas  and  Ettarre ;  Fast- 
ness ;  Queen  Mary. 


ANTIBABYLONIANISMS. 
Boanerges. 


See 


ANTIOCH. 

Ancient  capital  of  the  Greek 
kings  of  Syria,  built  by  Se- 
leucus  300  B.C.  It  was  famous  in 
the  early  history  of  the  Church 
as  the  seat  of  several  ecclesias- 
tical councils,  as  well  as  for 
being  the  birthplace  of  Chrysos- 
tom.  In  635  a.d.  it  fell  into 
the  hands  of  the  Saracens,  who 
held  it  until  969  a.d.  when  it 
came  under  Roman  dominion 
and  retained  till  1084  a.d.,  when 
it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
Turks,  from  whom  it  was  cap- 
tured by  the  Crusaders  a.d. 
1098. 

Becket. 
ANTON. 

A  Knight  of  the  Round 
Table,  and,  according  to  Tenny- 
son, the  foster-father  of  king 
Arthur. 

Wherefore  Merlin  took  the  child, 
And  gave  him  to  Sir  Anton,  an  old  knight 
And  ancient  friend  of  Uther  ;  and  his  wife 
Nursed  the  young  prince,  and  rear'd  him  with 

her  own ; 
And  no  man  knew. 

Malory  in  his  Morte  d?  Arthur 
says :  '  So  the  child  was  de- 
livered unto  Merlin  ;  and  so  he 
bare  it  forth  unto  Sir  Ector, 
and  made  an  holy  man  to 
christen  him,  and  named  him 
Arthur.' 

Coming  of  Arthur. 


ANT] 


54 


[APP 


ANTONIUS. 

A  Roman  general,  but  evi- 
dently not  meant  to  be  identi- 
fied with  any  Roman  general 
known  to  history. 

The  Cup. 

ANTONY  (Mark).    See  Mark  An- 
tony. 
ANTONY. 
ANTONY  KNYVETT. 

Lieutenant  of  the  Tower  of 
London  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
VIII ;  joined  the  earl  of  Devon 
in  insurrection  to  prevent  the 
marriage  of  Mary  with  Philip  of 
Spain ;  takenprisoner  withWyatt 
at  Temple  Bar  by  sir  Maurice 
Berkeley,  and  being  taken  to 
the  Tower  was  tried,  condemned 
and  executed. 

Queen  Mary. 
ANTWERP. 

To  Strasburg,  Antwerp 
Frankfort,  Zurich,  Worms, 
Geneva,  Basle — our  Bishops  from  their  sees 
Or  fled,  they  say,  or  flying — 

Oueen  Mary. 
APE. 

A  monkey. 

St.  Simeon  Stylites  ;  In  Me- 
moriam  ;  Making  of  Man  ; 
Queen  Mary  ;  Becket. 

APHRODITE. 

The  Greek  goddess  of  love 
and  beauty,  and  wife  of  Hephaes- 
tus and  mother  of  Cupid.  Her 
sacred  bird  was  the  dove.  As 
the  queen  of  beauty  she  had 
the  golden  apple  awarded  her  by 
Paris,  and  possessed  the  power 
of  conferring  beauty.  In  Ro- 
man mythology  she  is  identified 
with  Venus  (q.v.). 

CEnone. 


APICUS. 

A  celebrated  Roman  glutton 
in  the  time  of  Augustus  Tiber- 
ius. He  expended  large  sums 
in  gluttony  and  wrote  a  book 
upon  cookery.  It  is  said  that 
having  spent  £800,000  in  supply- 
ing the  delicacies  of  his  table 
and  having  only  £30,000  left,  he 
committed  suicide,  not  think- 
ing it  possible  to  exist  on  such 
a  miserable  sum. 

Becket. 
APOLLO. 

The  chief  god  of  the  Greeks  ; 
in  ancient  literature  described 
as  possessed  of  many  powers. 
Tennyson  speaks  of  him  as  the 
god  of  the  sun  and  god  of  music  : 

Like  that  strange  song  I  heard  Apollo  sing, 
Tithonus. 
'  Look  where  another  of  our  Gods,  the  Sun, 
Apollo,' 

Lucretius. 

The  statue  of  Apollo  at 
Rhodes,  made  to  commemorate 
the  successful  defence  of  that 
place  against  Demetrius  Polior- 
cetes  in  300  B.C.,  was  one  of  the 
several  wonders  of  the  old 
world.  It  represented  the  sun- 
god  with  his  head  surrounded 
by  rays,  and  with  his  feet  rest- 
ing one  on  each  side  of  the  en- 
trance to  the  port.  This  Co- 
lossus of  Rhodes,  as  the  statue 
was  generally  called,  was  105 
feet  high,  and  took  twelve  years- 
to  build,  at  a  cost  of  about 
£120,000. 

Tithonus  ;  Lucretius. 

APPLE-TREE. 

A  tree  of  many  varieties. 

Holy  Grail. 


AQU] 


55 


[ARA 


AQUITAINE. 

A  province  of  south-west 
France.  It  was  conquered  by 
the  Romans  57  B.C.  under 
Caesar,  and  again  in  418  in  the 
reign  of  Augustus.  On  the 
marriage  of  Louis  VII  with 
Eleanor,  daughter  of  William  X, 
it  was  annexed  to  the  French 
crown,  but  upon  Henry  II  of 
England  marrying  Eleanor  after 
her  divorce,  it  was  added  to  the 
English  crown.  It  remained 
in  English  possession  until  1453, 
when  it  was  restored  to  France. 
Becket. 
ARAB. 

From  the  delicate  Arab  arch  of  her  feet 
To  the  grace  that, 

Refers  to  the  high  instep 
of  the  Arab,  giving  swiftness 
and  elasticity  to  his  gait. 

Maud. 
ARABI. 

Leader  of  the  Egyptian  Re- 
volt, 1882.  As  under-secretary 
for  War  in  the  Egyptian  govern- 
ment, he  adopted  a  policy 
which  the  British  government 
had  to  meet  by  armed  force. 
Alexandria  was  bombarded  on 
July  11,  1882,  and  on  September 
13  of  the  same  year  the  British 
troops  under  sir  Garnet  Wolse- 
ley  completely  routed  him  at 
the  battle  of  Tel-el- Kebir. 

You  saw  the  league-long  rampart-fire 

Flare  from  Tel-el- Kebir 
Thro'  darkness,  and  the  foe  was  driven, 

And  Wolseley  overthrew 
Arabi. 

Arabi  fled  to  Cairo,  but 
surrendering  was  banished  to 
Ceylon,  1883.  In  1901  he  was 
released  and  granted  a  pension. 


He  claimed  descent  from  the 
prophet. 
Prologue  to  General  Hatnley. 

ARABY. 

A  poetical  form  of  Arabia. 
Queen  Mary. 

ARAC  (Prince). 

A  prince,  whose  hard  old 
father  represented  in  his  blunt 
and  violent  manner  the  old- 
fashioned  regime  when  women 
were  women  and  knew  their 
place.  Since  his  infancy  he 
had  been  proxy  wedded  to  a 
certain  princess  Ida  {q.v),  with 
whom  he  was  deeply  in  love. 
He  is  described  as  a  genial 
giant,  with  splendid  muscles, 
healthy  love  of  action,  and 
proud  devotion  to  his  sister. 
When  Ida  reached  marriageable 
age  she  founded  a  college  for 
women  from  which  men  were 
excluded.  Arac  determined  to 
gain  access  to  the  college,  so 
with  two  more  friends  disguised 
as  girl  students,  the  college 
portress  admitted  them.  After 
many  adventures  his  sex  was 
discovered.  Arac  wooed  Ida, 
this  time  more  successfully, 
and  after  many  amusing  hap- 
penings they  were  married. 
The  Princess. 

ARAGON. 

Once  a  kingdom,  but  now 
divided  into  three  provinces. 
It  was  conquered  by  the  Ro- 
mans, but  upon  the  fall  of  that 
empire,  it  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  Goths ;  and  at  the 
beginning  of  the  eighth  century 


ARB] 


56 


[ART 


was  conquered  by  the  Moors. 
In  1 1 37  it  was  recovered  by  the 
rulers  of  Aragon  and  united 
with  Catalonia,  and  by  the 
marriage  of  Ferdinand  with 
Isabella  of  Castile  in  1469  the 
crowns  of  Aragon  and  Castile 
{q.v)  were  united. 

Queen  Mary. 
ARB  ACES. 

Name  of  a  horse. 

The  Brook. 
ARCADY. 

And  round  us  all  the  thicket  rang 
To  many  a  flute  of  Arcady. 

Represents     Greek     Idyllic 


ARIMATHiEAN   JOSEPH. 
Joseph. 


See 


poetry. 


In  Mentor iam. 


ARDEN    (Enoch). 
Enoch  Arden. 


See    Enoch, 


ARDEN. 

A   large    forest    supposed    to 
have     been     in     Warwickshire. 
It   is    a   place-name   in    Shake- 
speare's As  You  Like  It. 
Sisters  {Evelyn  and  Edith). 

ARES. 

The  Greek  god  of  war,  called 
by  the  Romans,  Mars,  and  son 
of  Zeus  and  Hera.  Was  an 
enemy  of  Cadmus  {q.v.)  on 
account  of  his  having  killed 
the  dragon  that  guarded  the 
springs  of  Dirce  which  were 
sacred  to  Mars. 

The  great  God,  Ar6s,  burns  in  anger  still 
Against  the  guiltless  heirs  of  him  from  Tyre, 
Our  Cadmus,  out  of  whom  thou  art,  who  found 
Beside  the  springs  of  Dirofe,  smote,  and  still'd 
Thro'  all  its  folds  the  multitudinous  beast, 
The  dragon, 

His  symbols  were  the  spear 
and  the  burning  torch. 

Tiresias. 


ARNO. 

An  Italian  river  which  flows 
through  Florence. 

The  Brook. 

ARNON. 

A    river    which    formed    the 
boundary    between    Moab    and 
the   Amonites,    and    afterwards 
between  Moab  and  Israel. 
Dream  of  Fair  Women. 

AROER. 

A  city  on  the  river  Arnon, 
the  southern  point  of  the  terri- 
tory of  Sihon,  king  of  the  Amor- 
ites,  and  afterwards  of  the  tribe 
of  Reuben,  but  later  in  the 
possession  of  Moab. 

'  Moreover,  it  is  written  that  my  race 

Hew'd  Ammon,  hip  and  thigh,  from  Aroer 
On  Arnon  unto  Minneth.' 

Dream  of  Fair  Women. 
'  And  he  smote  them  from  Aroer,  even  till 
thou  come  to  Minnith.'     Judges  xi.  33. 

Dream  of  Fair  Women. 

'AROLD  (Harold). 

Promise  of  May. 
AROMAT. 

Supposed  to  have  been  the 
native  land  of  Joseph  of  Ari- 
mathaea  and  the  place  from 
which  he  brought  the  Holy 
Grail  to  Glastonbury. 

The  cup,  the  cup  itself,  from  which  our  Lord 
Drank  at  the  last  sad  supper  with  His  own. 
This,  from  the  blessed  land  of  Aromat — 

Holy  Grail. 

ARTEMIS. 

In  Greek  mythology  the 
daughter  of  Zeus  and  Leto. 
She  was  twin-sister  of  Apollo, 
and    was    born    in    the    isle    of 


ART] 


57 


[ART 


Delos.  A  virgin  goddess,  re- 
presented as  a  huntress  armed 
with  bow  and  arrows.  The 
Romans  identified  Artemis  with 
the  old  Italian  goddess  Diana 
{q.v.). 

The  Cup. 

ARTEMISIA   (Carian).    See   Car- 
ian  Artemisia. 

ARTHUR. 

'  You  know,'  said  Frank,  '  he  burnt 
His  epic,  his  King  Arthur,  some  twelve  books. 

=  The  Idylls  of  the  King. 

The  Epic. 
ARTHUR. 

Sir  Arthur,  a  local  magnate. 
The  Brook. 

ARTHUR. 

Arthur  Henry  Hallam,  son  of 
Henry  Hallam,  the  historian, 
born  1811.  During  his  resi- 
dence at  Trinity  College,  Cam- 
bridge, Tennyson  made  the 
acquaintance  of  Hallam,  with 
whom  he  formed  an  affectionate 
friendship,  and  some  years 
later  Hallam  became  engaged 
to  the  poet's  sister  Emily. 
His  early  death,  which  occurred 
suddenly  at  Vienna  in  1833, 
was  a  great  grief  to  the  poet, 
whose  In  Memoriam  is  a  noble 
elegy  to  his  loss. 

My  Arthur,  whom  I  shall  not  see 
Till  all  my  widow'd  race  be  run  ; 
Dear  as  the  mother  to  the  son, 

More  than  my  brothers  are  to  me. 

Hallam  was  buried  at  Cleve- 
don  in  Somersetshire,  and  in  the 
Manor  aisle  of  the  church, 
over  the  vault  of  the  Hallams, 
is  a  tablet,  which  bears  the 
following  inscription  : 


TO 

THE  MEMORY  OF 

ARTHUR  HENRY  HALLAM 

ELDEST  SON  OF  HENRY 

HALLAM  ESQUIRE 

AND  OF  JULIA  MARIA  HIS  WIFE 

DAUGHTER  OF  SIR  ABRAHAM 

ELTON  BARONET 

OF  CLEVEDON  COURT 

WHO    WAS    SNATCHED    AWAY    BY    SUDDEN 
DEATH 

at  Vienna  on  September   15TH    1833 

IN  THE    TWENTY-THIRD  YEAR  OF  HIS  AGE 

AND  NOW  IN  THIS  OBSCURE  AND  SOLITARY 

CHURCH 

repose  the  mortal  remains  of 

one  too  early  lost  for  public  fame 

but  already  conspicuous  among  his 

contemporaries 

for  the  brightness  of  his  genius 

the  depth  of  his  understanding 

the  nobleness  of  his  disposition 

the  fervour  of  his  piety 

and  the  purity  of  his  life 

Vale  dulcissime 

Vale     dilectissime     Desideratissime 

requiescas  in  pace 

ter  ac  mater  hic  posthac  requies- 

camus  tecum 

usque  ad  tubam. 

In  Memoriam. 

ARTHUR. 

Supposed  to  have  been  in  the 
sixth  century  a  war  leader  of 
the  tribes  inhabiting  Cumbria 
and  Strathclyde  against  the 
Saxons  from  the  East  and  the 
Picts  and  Scots  from  the  North. 
The  name  Arthur  originally 
denoted  the  Bear,  and  the  con- 
stellation of  that  name  is  called 
in  Welsh  the  Chariot  of  Arthur. 
His  father  was  Uther  the  pen- 
dragon,  and  his  mother  Ygerne 
widow  of  Gorlois,  duke  of  Corn- 
wall, and  he  was  born  at  Tin- 
tagel    Castle,    Cornwall,    about 


ART] 


58 


[ART 


the  year  500  a.d.  Tennyson 
says  that  Merlin  gave  Arthur, 
when  an  infant,  to  Sir  Anton 
to  bring  him  up,  and  he  was 
brought  up  as  his  foster-son. 

Wherefore  Merlin  took  the  child, 
And  gave  him  to  Sir  Anton,  an  old  Knight 
And  ancient  friend  of  Uther ; 

Malory  in  his  Morte  d?  Arthur 
says  : 

So  the  child  was  delivered  unto  Merlin, 
and  so  he  bore  it  forth  unto  Sir  Ector,  and 
made  an  holy  man  to  christen  him,  and  named 
him  Arthur : 

Uther  Pendragon  dying  while 
Arthur  was  yet  an  infant,  the 
succession  to  the  kingdom  was 
in  doubt,  and  in  order  to  prove 
who  was  the  rightful  heir  to 
the  realm,  the  method  of  draw- 
ing a  sword  from  a  stone  was 
adopted.  This  stone,  which 
was  in  the  churchyard  of  St. 
Stephen's,  London,  was  like  a 
marble  stone,  with  an  anvil  of 
steel  in  the  middle  a  foot  high, 
and  on  it  was  placed  a  sword 
naked  to  the  point,  and  in- 
scribed thus  : 

Whoso  pulleth  out  this  sword  of  this  stone 
and  anvil  is  rightful  king  born  of  all  England. 
Malory  :  Morte  d' 'Arthur,  Book  I,  chap.  iii. 

Some  200  knights  tried  to 
release  it  but  failed.  Arthur 
alone  could  draw  it,  whereby 
proving  his  right  of  succession 
to  the  kingdom. 

And  right  as  Arthur  did  at  Christmas  he 
did  at  Candlemas,  and  pulled  out  the  sword 
easily,  whereof  the  barons  were  sore  aggrieved, 
Malory  :  Morte  d' Arthur,  Book  I,  chap.  iv. 

At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  was 
crowned  at  Caerleon-upon-Usk 
by  Dubricius,  archbishop  of  the 
'  City  of  Legions.'  No  sooner 
had  he  ascended  the  throne  than 
slanderous  statements  began  to 


be  circulated  as  to  his  birth, 
some  maintaining  he  was  not  the 
son  of  Uther  and  Ygerne  : 

'  Away  with  him  f 
No  king  of  ours  !  a  son  of  Gorlols  he, 
Or  else  the  child  of  Anton,  and  no  king, 
Or  else  baseborn.' 

Others  said  that  he  was  cast 
up  from  the  sea  on  the  ninth 
wave  : 

And  then  the  two 
Dropt  to  the  cove,  and  watch'd  the  great  sea 

fall, 
Wave  after  Wave,  each  mightier  than  the  last, 
Till  last,  a  ninth  one,  gathering  half  the  deep 
And  full  of  voices,  slowly  rose  and  plunged 
Roaring,  and  all  the  wave  was  in  a  flame  : 
And  down  the  wave  and  in  the  flame  was 

borne 
A  naked  babe,  and  rode  to  Merlin's  feet, 
Who  stoopt  and  caught  the  babe,  and  cried 

'  The  King ! 
Here  is  an  heir  for  Uther ! ' 

Whilst  another  version  says  : 

Or  if  some  other  told, 
How  once  the  wandering  forester  at  dawn, 
Far  over  the  blue  tarns  and  hazy  seas, 
On  Caer-Eryri's  highest  found  the  King, 
A  naked  babe,  of  whom  the  Prophet  spake, 

A  great  war  took  place  be- 
tween Arthur  and  eleven  kings, 
all  of  whom  were  slain.  Having 
defeated  his  enemies  he  ruled 
over  the  kingdom  wisely,  estab- 
lishing order  throughout  the 
land,  for  since  the  death  of 
Uther,  lawlessness  had  become 
rampant.  Meeting  one  day 
king  Pellinore,  he  attacked  him, 
and  in  the  encounter  their 
swords  met  with  such  force  that 
the  sword  of  king  Arthur  was 
broken  in  two  pieces ;  but  in 
order  to  save  his  life — being  now 
defenceless — Merlin  cast  an 
enchantment  on  Pellinore,  and 
he  fell  to  the  earth  in  a  deep 
sleep,  and  Arthur  was  borne 
away  to  a  place  of  safety.  After 
three  days,  when  the  king's 
wounds  were  healed,  Arthur 
told  Merlin  he  had  no  sword.    So 


ART] 


59 


they  rode  till  they  came  to  a  lake, 
and  afar  out  in  the  midst  of  the 
lake,  an  arm  clad  in  white  samite 
rose  from  out  the  water  and  held 
up  a  fair  sword.     Then  came  the 
Lady  of  the  Lake  moving  upon 
the  water.     '  Enter  into  yonder 
barge,'  she  said, '  and  row  to  the 
sword  and  take  it ; '  whereupon 
the  king  rowed  out  in  the  middle 
of  the  lake  and  seized  the  sword. 
The  weapon,  which  was  called 
Excalibur,   was    possessed   with 
magic    power,    and    gave   light 
equal  to  thirty  torches ;   and  it 
was    with   this    sword   that   he 
defeated    all   his    enemies.     He 
then  began  his  career  of  con- 
quests.    He  is  supposed  to  have 
fought   and   won   twelve   great 
battles   over  the    Saxons,  Picts 
and  Scots ;   the  first  was  fought 
in     Northumberland,     by     the 
river  Glen  ;   the  second,  third, 
fourth  and  fifth  were  the  four 
battles    of    the    Duglas ;     the 
sixth  by  the  river   Bassa ;    the 
seventh  in  the  wood  Celidon  ; 
the  eighth  at  Castle    Gurnion, 

where  Arthur  bore  the  image  of  the  Holy  Vir- 
gin, Mother  of  God,  upon  his  shoulders,  and 
through  the  power  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ, 
and  the  holy  Mary,  put  the  Saxons  to  flight, 
and  pursued  them  the  whole  day  with  great 
slaughter. 

Nennius  :    Six  Chronicles. 

It  is  however  supposed  to 
have  been  the  head  of  the  Virgin 
Mary  engraven  on  the  shield 
borne  by  Arthur. 

and  again 
By  castle  Gurnion,  where  the  glorious  King 
Had  on  his  cuirass  worn  our  Lady's  Head, 
Carved  of  one  emerald  center'd  in  a  sun 
Of  silver  rays,  that  lighten'd  as  he  breathed 
Lancelot  and  Elaine, 
Athwart  his  brest  a  bauldrick  brave  he  ware, 
That  shind,  like  twinkling  stars,  with  stones 

most  pretious  rare. 
And  in  the  midst  thereof  one  pretious  stone 


[ART 

Of  wondrous  worth,  and  eke  of  wondrous 

Shapt  like  a  Ladies  head,  exceeding  shone, 
Like  Hesperus  amongst  the  lesser  lights, 
And  strove  for  to  amaze  the  weaker  sights : 

Spenser  :  Faerie  Queene,  Book  I.  Canto  wi. 
Amazement  runs  before  the  towering  casque 
Of  Arthur,  bearing  through  the  stormy  field 
The  virgin  sculptured  on  his  Christian  shield  : 

Wordsworth  :  Ecclesiastical  Sonnets,  Part  I. 
Stanza  x. 

The    ninth    battle    was     at 
Caerleon,    or     the     'City     of 
Legions';    the    tenth   by   the 
river  Trath  Treroit,  the  eleventh 
near  Agned  Cathregonion,  and 
the   twelfth— the  greatest    vic- 
tory of   all — near   Badon  Hill. 
Some    authorities    consider    his 
kingdom  embraced  Devon,  Corn- 
wall and  part  of  Wales ;   others 
that  it  extended  as  far  as  the 
Orkneys,  for  we  find  that  the 
king  of  those  islands  was  married 
to  Arthur's  sister.     Leodogran, 
king  of  Cameliard,  then  appealed 
to  Arthur  to  assist  him  in  clear- 
ing his  kingdom  of  wild  beasts 
and      heathen      hordes      that 
swarmed  from  overseas .     Arthur 
accepted  the  call  and  leading  all 
his  knighthood  threw  the 

kings 
Carados,  Urien,  Cradlemont  of  Wales, 
Claudias    and  Clariance  of  Northumberland, 
The  King  Brandagoras  of  Latangor, 
With  Anguisant  of  Erin,  Morganore, 
And  Lot  of  Orkney. 

Meanwhile  Arthur  had  fallen 
in  love  with  king  Leodogran's 
daughter,  Guinevere,  and  from 
the  battle-field  sent  three  of  his 
knights— Ulfius,  Brastias  and 
Bedivere— to  Leodogran,  saying: 

•If  I  in  aught  have  served  thee  well, 
Give  me  thy  daughter  Guinevere  to  wife. 

but  Leodogran,  having  heard  of 
the  suspicion  attached  to  his  birth 
hesitated,  but  eventually  satisfy- 
ing himself  gave  his  consent.  The 
marriage  was  however  delayed 


ART] 


60 


[ART 


as  Arthur  was  compelled  to  enter 
upon  a  campaign  abroad,with  the 
result  that  Ireland  and  Iceland, 
as  well  as  Norway  and  Gaul, 
were  added  to  his  conquests. 
Returning,  he  was  married  by 
Dubric  the  high  priest,  amid  great 
splendour,  to  Guinevere  at  Came- 
lot,  in  the  church  of  St.  Stephen's. 

St.  Dubric  went  before  Christ  had  chosen  him. 
The  Archbishop  of  London  walked  by  his  side 
And  fifteen  bishops  chosen  from  many  lands. 
They  were  all  hung  about  with  very  rich  cloth- 
ing 
That  was  all  embroidered  with  burnished  gold. 
Trumpets  were  blowing,  bells  were  ringing, 
Knights  were  riding,  women  forth  gliding. 
Kirtlan  :    Sir  Gawain  and  the  Green  Knight. 

Leodogran  gave  Arthur  for  a 
wedding  present  the  famous 
Round  Table  with  100  knights, 
which  tradition  says  is  still  pre- 
served at  Winchester.  Arthur 
then  established  his  new  Order, 
known  as  the  Knights  of  the 
Round  Table,  and  made  his 
knights  swear  to  live  lives  of 
purest  chastity,  to  love  one 
maiden  only,  to  redress  human 
wrongs,  and  to  reverence  their 
king  as  their  conscience.  To 
accommodate  the  magic  table 
a  magnificent  castle  was  erected, 
in  the  centre  of  which  was  a 
banqueting  hall. 

'  O  brother,  had  you  known  our  mighty  hall, 
Which  Merlin  built  for  Arthur  long  ago  ! 
For  all  the  sacred  mount  of  Camelot, 
And  all  the  dim  rich  city,  roof  by  roof. 
Tower  after  tower,  spire  beyond  spire, 

Holding  a  royal  feast  and 
Table  Round  at  Camelot  there 
came  into  the  hall  twelve  men, 
ambassadors  from  Lucius,  em- 
peror of  Rome,  demanding  that 
Arthur  should  acknowledge  him 
as  his  lord,  and  pay  tribute  as  his 
predecessors  had  done.     Arthur 


met  it  with  a  counterclaim  to 
the  empire  for  himself  as  being 
the  real  representative  of  Con- 
stantine,  and  receiving  promise 
of  help   from  the  knights   and 
lords,  held  a  Privy  Council  at 
York    to    make    the     necessary 
arrangements  for  his  departure, 
and    leaving    his     nephew     sir 
Modred  in  charge  of  the  king- 
dom, sailed  from   Sandwich  in 
Kent.      Arriving     in     Brittany 
he  met  the  united  forces  of  the 
Romans  and   Saracens,  and  in  a 
great   battle  slew  the  emperor 
and   his   allies,   the   sowdan   of 
Syria,  and  the  kings  of  Egypt 
and       Ethiopia,       sent       their 
bodies  to  the  Senate  at  Rome, 
and    marching    over   the    Alps, 
through    Lombardy    and    Tus- 
cany, arrived  at   Rome,  where 
he    was    crowned    king    by   the 
pope.    After  sojourning  in  Rome 
for  a  short  time,  a  message  was 
brought  to  him  that  his  nephew 
Modred,  whom  he  had  left  in 
charge    of    his    kingdom,    had 
traitorously  proclaimed  himself 
king,  and  had  seized  Guinevere 
and  kept  her  a  prisoner.     With- 
out    delay     Arthur     returned 
home,    and    landing    at    Dover 
was  met  by  Modred,  who  being 
defeated    fled   with   his    forces 
to     Winchester.     Arthur    pur- 
sued   after    him,    and    joined 
forces  with  him  near  the  river 
Camel  in  Cornwall,  where  they 
fought    all    the    day   long.     As 
night    drew    nigh,     and    some 
100,000  lay  dead  upon  the  field, 
Arthur  took  his  sword,  held  it 


ART] 


61 


[ART 


with  both  hands,  and  ran  to- 
wards sir  Modred,  calling 
out  '  Death  to  thee,  traitor  ! ' 
1  pierced  the  helmet  and  the 
brainpan,  and  sir  Modred  fell 
stark  dead  to  the  earth.  And 
the  noble  Arthur  fell  in  a  swoon 
to  the  earth.' 

And  uttering  this  the  King 
Made  fat    the    man ;    then    Modred    smote 

his  liege 
Hard  on  that  helm  which  many  a  heathen 

sword 
Had  beaten  thin ;  while  Arthur  at  one  blow, 
Striking  the  last  stroke  with  Excalibur, 
Slew  him,  and  all  but  slain  himself,  he  fell. 

Not  one  of  sir  Modred's  men 
remained  alive,  and  of  Arthur's 
noble  men,  sir  Bedivere  alone 
had  escaped.  Finding  his  end 
drawing  nigh,  he  commanded 
sir  Bedivere  to  return  his  sword 
to  the  Lady  of  the  Lake. 

'  But  now  delay  not :  take  Excalibur, 
And  fling  him  far  into  the  middle  mere  : 
Watch  what  thou  seest,  and  lightly  bring  me 
word.' 

Twice  did  sir  Bedivere  go  to 
the  mere,  and  twice  did  his  heart 
fail  him,  for  instead  of  flinging 
the  brand  into  the  water  he  hid 
it  in  the  waterflags  about  the 
marge.  Returning  to  the  dying 
king  and  being  questioned  as  to 
what  he  had  seen,  replied  : 

1  I  heard  the  ripple  washing  in  the  reeds, 
And  the  wild  water  lapping  on  the  crag.' 

Perceiving  the  knight's  decep- 
tion, Arthur  in  wrath  com- 
manded him  to  fulfil  his  task  : 

■  Unknightly,  traitor- hearted  !    Woe  is  me  ! 
Authority  forgets  a  dying  king, 

*  *  • 

get  thee  hence : 
But,  if  thou  spare  to  fling  Excalibur, 
I  will  arise  and  slay  thee  with  my  hands.' 

whereupon  the  knight  quickly 
rose,  and  going  to  the  water  side 
took  the  sword  with  both  hands 


and  flung  it  in  mid-stream,  when 
an  arm  rose  up  from  out  of  the 
lake,  caught  it,  and  it  disappeared 
for  ever  : 

Then  quickly  rose  Sir  Bedivere,  and  ran, 
And,  leaping  down  the  ridges  lightly,  plunged 
Among  the  bulrush  beds,  and  clutch'd  the 

sword, 
And   strongly   wheel'd   and    threw   it.    The 

great  brand 
Made  lightnings  in  the  splendour  of  the  moon, 
And  flashing  round  and  round,  and  whirl' d  in 

an  arch. 
Shot  like  a  streamer  of  the  northern  morn. 
Seen  where  the  moving  isles  of  winter  shock 
By  night,  with  noises  of  the  Northern  Sea. 
So  flash'd  and  fell  the  brand  Excalibur  : 
But  ere  he  dipt  the  surface,  rose  an  arm 
Clothed  in  white  samite,  mystic,  wonderful. 
And  caught  him  by  the  hilt,  and  brandish'd 

him 
Three  times,  and  drew  him  under  in  the  mere. 

Returning  again  to  the  king 
he  told  him  what  he  had  seen, 
and  taking  the  king  upon  his 
back,  placed  him  in  a  barge 
in  which  were  three  queens — 
Queen  Morgan  le  Fay ;  the 
Queen  of  Northgales ;  and  the 
Queen  of  the  Westerlands — who 
wept  over  him  on  account  of 
his  grievous  wound.  Elsdale 
in  his  Studies  of  the  Idylls 
represents  the  three  queens  as 
Faith,  Hope  and  Charity.  Then 
sir  Bedivere  seeing  his  noble 
master  about  to  leave  him,  asked 
permission  to  accompany  him  : 

Ah  !  my  Lord  Arthur,  whither  shall  I  go  ? 
Where  shall  I  hide  my  forehead  and  my  eyes  ? 
For  now  I  see  the  true  old  times  are  dead, 

and  Arthur  slowly  answered  : 

'  The  old  order  changeth,  yielding  place  to 
new, 
And  God  fulfils  Himself  in  many  ways, 

•  *  * 

Comfort  thyself  :  what  comfort  is  in  me  ? 
I  have  lived  my  life,  and  that  which  I  have 

done 
May  He  within  Himself  make  pure  !  but  thou 
If  thou  shouldst  never  see  my  face  again, 
Pray  for  my  soul. 

•  »  * 

But  now  farewell.     I  am  going  a  long  way 
With  these  thou  sefet — 

•  *  • 

and  the  barge  with  oar  and  sail 
Moved  from  the  brink, 


ART] 


62 


[ART 


With  the  three  mourning 
queens  he  passed  up  the  Bristol 
Channel  and  hence 

To  the  island-valley  of  Avilion  : 
Where  falls  not  hail,  or  rain,  or  any  snow, 
Nor  ever  wind  blows  loudly ;  but  it  lies 
Deep-meadow'd,    happy,    fair   with   orchard 

lawns 
And  bowery  hollows  crown'd  with  summer  sea, 
Where  I  will  heal  me  of  my  grievous  wound. 

And  in  the  Palace  of  Art  the 
scene  is  pictured  : 

Or  mythic  Uther's  deeply-wounded  son 
In  some  fair  space  of  sloping  greens 

Lay,  dozing  in  the  vale  of  Avalon, 
And  watch'd  by  weeping  queens. 

According  to  tradition,  king 
Arthur  is  not  dead  but  rests  in 
Glastonbury,  '  till  he  shall  come 
again,  full  twice  as  fair,  to  rule 
over  his  people.'  Cervantes  in 
his  Don  Quixote  says : 

that  he  did  not  die,  but  that,  by  magic  art, 
he  was  transformed  into  a  raven  :  and  that 
in  process  of  time,  he  shall  reign  again,  and 
recover  his  kingdom  and  sceptre  ;  for  which 
reason  it  cannot  be  proved  that,  from  time 
to  time,  any  Englishman  hath  killed  a  raven. 

Some  authorities  contend  that 
the  mystery  of  his  grave  remains 
unsolved,  for 

where  is  he  who  knows. 
From  the  great  deep  to  the  great  deep  he  goes . 

Sharon  Turner  in  his  History 
of  the  Anglo-Saxons  says  : 

In  1 189 — in  the  reign  of  Henry  II — the  body 
of  king  Arthur  was  found  in  Glastonbury 
Abbey  sixteen  feet  under  the  surface.  It 
was  found  under  a  stone,  bearing  the  inscrip- 
tion :  Hie  jacit  sepultus  inciltus  rex  Arthurus 
in  Insula  Avallonia.  The  body  was  crumbled 
to  dust,  but  a  lock  of  golden  hair  was  found, 
supposed  to  be  that  of  his  wife. 

In  the  British  Museum  is  a 
fifteenth  century  MS.,  contain- 
ing annals  of  the  Cistercian 
Abbey  of  Meaux,  and  a  chronicle 
of  events  connected  with  it 
from  its  establishment  in  1150 
to  the  reign  of  Henry  VI.  In 
this  MS.,  occurs  the  following : 

In  the  twenty- third  year  of  king  Henry, 
the  bodies  of  Arthur,  some  time  king  of  the 
Britons,  and  of  Wenevere  his  wife,  were  found 


at  Glastonbury,  between  two  stone  pyramids 
formerly  erected  in  the  sacred  cemetery. 
They  were  hidden  by  a  hollow  oak,  lay  about 
fifteen  feet  deep  in  the  ground,  and  were 
distinguished  by  the  most  unmistakeable 
marks ;  for  Arthur's  thigh-bone,  when  ex- 
amined, exceeded  by  three  fingers  in  length 
the  tallest  man's  thigh-bone  that  had  ever 
been  found,  when  measured  down  to  the 
knee.  Moreover,  the  space  between  his  eye- 
brows was  of  the  breadth  of  the  palm  of  a 
man's  hand. 

King  Arthur  has  been  made 
the  hero  of  many  adventures  by 
romancers  and  poets  of  the 
Middle  Ages.  The  earliest 
legends  are  found  in  the  Welsh 
Tales,  the  three  Welsh  poets, 
Taliesin,  Aneurin  and  Llywarch 
Hen  being  the  first  to  celebrate 
his  deeds.  In  the  twelfth  cen- 
tury Geoffrey  of  Monmouth 
introduced  the  legends  into  his 
Latin  History  of  the  Britons. 
In  1 1 96  archdeacon  Map  intro- 
duced the  legend  of  the  Quest 
of  the  Holy  Grail,  and  in  1485 
sir  Thomas  Malory  published 
his  Morte  d' Arthur.  It  is  from 
this  work  that  Tennyson  de- 
rived most  of  the  incidents 
narrated  in  his  Idylls  of  the 
King,  and  his  Morte  d? Arthur. 
Spencer  introduced  Arthur  in 
his  Faerie  Queene,  and-Blackwood 
wrote  two  epics,  and  Dryden 
produced  a  dramatic  opera 
entitled  King  Arthur.  Later 
sir  Walter  Scott  edited  the  old 
romance  of  Sir  Tristram,  and 
in  1838  lady  Charlotte  Guest 
published  a  translation  of  the 
mediaeval  Welsh  tales,  known 
as  the  Mabinogion.  It  is  from 
the  latter  work  that  Tennyson 
derived  his  characters  for  his 
Idyll  of  Geraint  and  Enid. 

Morte    d' Arthur g     Coming 


ARU] 


63 


[ASH 


of  Arthur ;  Gareth  and 
Lynette  ;  Marriage  of  Ger- 
aint ;  Geraint  and  Enid  ; 
Balin  and  Balan  ;  Merlin 
and  Vivien  ;  Lancelot  and 
Elaine  ;  Holy  Grail ;  Pel- 
leas  and  Ettarre ;  Last 
Tournament ;  Guinevere  ; 
Passing  of  Arthur  ;  Becket  ; 
Merlin  and  the  Gleam. 

ARUNDEL  (Thomas). 

Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 
Became  bishop  of  Ely  when 
only  twenty-one  years  of  age, 
and  was  Lord  Chancellor  five 
times  under  Richard  II  and 
Henry  IV.  In  1388  he  was 
created  archbishop  of  York,  and 
translated  to  Canterbury  in 
1396;  banished  for  conspiracy 
against  Richard  II  in  1397, 
but  returned  to  crown  Henry  IV 
in  1399.  He  was  a  vigorous 
persecutor  of  the  Wickliffites 
(1353-1414). 

Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cobham. 

ARVIRAGUS. 

Younger  son  of  Cymbeline,  a 
king  of  Britain  from  the  time 
of  the  invasion  of  Claudius  to 
the  reign  of  Vespasian.  Upon 
the  arrival  of  Joseph  of  Ari- 
mathaea(y.t>.)  Arviragus  gave  him 
permission  to  settle,  and  pre- 
sented him  with  land  upon 
which  to  erect  a  church. 

1  From  our  old  books  I  know 
That  Joseph  came  of  old  to  Glastonbury, 
And  there  the  heathen  Prince,  Arviragus, 
Gave  him  an  isle  of  march  whereon  to  build  ; 
And   there  he  built  with  wattles  from  the 

marsh 
A  little  lonely  church  in  days  of  yore.' 

Arviragus  is  one  of  the  char- 


acters   in    Shakespeare's    Cym- 
beline. 

Holy  Grail. 
ASAPH. 

The  Levite,  chief  musician  to 
king  David.  Considered  to  have 
been  the  founder  of  a  guild  of 
singers  in  the  second  Temple. 

I     have     built     the    Lord     a    house — sing 

Asaph !   clash 
The    cymbal,    Heman !    blow    the    trumpet, 

priest ! 
Fall,    cloud,    and    fill    the    house — lo !    my 

two  pillars, 
Jachim  and  Boaz ! 

Harold. 
ASCALON. 

A  city  of  the  Philistines .  The 
Egyptian  army,  sent  by  the 
•Sultan  of  Egypt  to  recapture 
Jerusalem,  was  defeated  near 
this  town  by  the  Crusaders  under 
Godfrey  of  Bouillon,  August 
12,  1099.  Recaptured  by  the 
Moslems,  it  was  retaken  in  1157 
by  Baldwin  III,  and  in  1192 
was  the  scene  of  a  great  victory 
gained  by  the  Christians  under 
Richard  I,  over  the  Saracen 
army  under  Saladin.  Its  forti- 
fications were  demolished  by 
the  Sultan  Bibars,  in  1270. 
The  Princess. 
ASH. 

ASHTREE. 

A  genus  of  trees  of  the  Olive 
family. 

Amfhion  ;  The  Princess ; 
In  Memoriam  ;  Harold  ; 
The  Foresters ;  Promise  of 
May. 

ASHRIDGE. 

Gardiner.    I   think  she  means  to  counsel 
your  withdrawing 
To  Ashridge,  or  some  other  country  house. 
»  «  * 

I  Elizabeth.    'Tis    mine    own    wish    fulfill'd 
before  the  word 


ASI] 


64 


[ASS 


Was  spoken,  for  in  truth  I  had  meant  to  crave 
Permission  of  Her  Highness  to  retire 
To  Ashridge, 

Ashridge  House,  in  Bucking- 
hamshire, was  founded  in 
1 221  by  Edmund,  earl  of 
Cornwall,  a  grandson  of  king 
John,  for  an  order  of  friars, 
called  Bonhommes.  After  the 
dissolution  of  the  monasteries 
it  was  given  to  the  princess 
Elizabeth  by  her  brother,  Ed- 
ward VI,  after  whose  death 
she  continued  to  occupy  it 
during  the  reign  of  Mary,  and 
after  her  retirement  from  court 
made  it  her  permanent  resi- 
dence until  she  was  suspected  of 
conniving  at  sir  Thomas  Wyatt's 
rebellion,  when  she  was  removed 
to  the  Tower. 

Queen  Mary. 
ASIA. 

L  ocksley    Hall   Sixty 
Tears  After. 

ASMODEUS. 

Devils  pluck'd  my  sleeve, 
Abaddon  and  Asmodeus  caught  at  me. 


The  angel  of  the  bottomless 


pit. 


St.  Simeon  Stylites. 


ASP  ASIA. 

The  most  accomplished 
woman  in  Athens  during  the 
government  of  that  city  by 
Pericles,  whose  mistress  she  was. 
When  Pericles  was  deposed  from 
the  office  of  General  in  430 
B.C.  Aspasia  was,  by  the  poet 
Hermippus,  charged  with  im- 
piety and  brought  to  trial,  but 
the  pleading  of  Pericles  pro- 
cured her  acquittal,  and  subse- 


quently   a    decree    was    passed 
legitimizing  her  son. 

The  Princess. 
ASPEN. 

ASPEN-TREE. 

A  species  of  the  poplar  ;  the 
trembling  poplar. 

Lady  of  Shalott  ;  A  Fare- 
well ;   Lancelot  and  Elaine. 

ASPHODEL. 

A  plant  of  the  lily  species. 
(Enone,  Lotos-Eaters,  Demeter 
and  Persephone. 
ASPICK. 

A  venomous  serpent. 

Dream  of  Fair  Women. 

ASS. 

A  well-known  quadruped  of 
the  horse  family. 

The  Princess  ;  Last  Tourna- 
ment;  Queen  Mary. 

ASSAYE. 

Against  the  myriads  of  Assaye 
Clash'd  with  his  fiery  few  and  won  ; 

A  small  town  in  the  Deccan, 
India.  Here  Wellington,  with 
an  army  of  4,500  English  and 
Sepoy  troops  defeated  the  Mah- 
ratta  army,  consisting  of  30,000 
men,  on  August  23,  1803. 

Ode    on    the    death    of    the 
Duke  of  Wellington. 

ASSYRIAN  BULL. 

That  oil'd  and  curl'd  Assyrian  Bull 
Smelling  of  musk  and  of  insolence, 
Her  brother, 

Maud's  brother,  with  his 
well-oil'd  and  groomed  curly 
hair,  and  his  dignified  manner, 
is  represented  here  by  the 
Assyrian  Bull,  human-headed 
winged  lions  and  bulls,  sculp- 


AST] 


65 


[ATH 


tured  in  stone  as  found  among 
Assyrian  antiquities. 

Maud. 

ASTOLAT. 

According  to  Malory,  the 
town  of  Guildford  in  Surrey, 
thirty  miles  south-west  of  Lon- 
don, and  situated  on  the  river 
Wey ;  a  tributary  of  the  Thames. 

And  then  he  rode  so  much  until  he  came 
to  Astolat,  that  is  Gilford. 
Malory :  Morte  d' Arthur,  Book  XVIII.  chap. 

ix. 

It  was  the  home  of   Elaine 
•  the   lily   maid   of   Astolat.' 
Lancelot  and  Elaine. 

ASTRiEAN. 

The  second-sight  of  some  Astraan  age, 

Astraea,  which  means  '  star- 
bright  '  was  a  daughter  of 
Astraeus  and  Eos,  or,  according 
to  another  account,  of  Zeus 
and  Themis.  She  lived  among 
men  on  earth  during  the  golden 
age,  and  in  the  brazen  age  was 
the  last  to  withdraw  into  the 
sky,  where  she  shines  as  the 
constellation  of  Virgo.  Should 
the  golden  age  ever  return  it  is 
believed  she  will  re-establish  her 
home  on  earth  again.  Many 
poets  make  reference  to  this 
theory,  but  the  best  known  is 
Dry  den's  Astra  a  Redux. 

The  Princess. 

ATHELING  (Edgar).    See  Edgar 
(the  Atheling). 


ATHELING       (Edmund). 
Edmund  Atheling. 


See 


ATHELSTAN. 

King    of  the   Mercians   and 
West-Saxons,  and  afterwards  of 


all  the  English.  Son  of  Ed- 
ward the  Elder  and  grandson 
of  Alfred  the  Great.  Defeated 
the  Welsh  of  Devonshire,  Corn- 
wall and  Wales,  and  in  937 
in  a  decisive  battle  defeated 
the  Welsh,  Scots  and  Danes  at 
Brunanburh.  He  died  at 
Gloucester  in  940,  and  was 
buried  at  Malmesbury  (895-940) . 

Atheistan  King, 
Lord  among  Earls, 
Bracelet-bestower  and 
Baron  of  Barons, 
He  with  his  brother, 
Edmund  Atheling, 
Gaining  a  lifelong 
Glory  in  battle, 
Slew  with  the  sword-edge 
There  by  Brunanburh, 

Battle    of    Brunanburh  ; 

Harold. 

ATHENE     (Pallas).    See    Pallas, 
Pallas  Athene. 

ATHENS. 

Capital  of  the  kingdom  of 
Greece. 

Freedom. 
ATHOS. 

Signifies  'Holy  Hill.'  A 
mountain  in  the  peninsula  of 
Salonica,  6,780  feet  high.  It 
is  celebrated  for  its  twenty  large 
monasteries,  built  during  the 
ninth  and  tenth  centuries,  the 
first  of  which  is  said  to  have 
been  founded  by  the  empress 
Helena.  The  roofs  of  these 
monastic  buildings  sparkle  with 
hues  of  bronze  and  purple  and 
gold,  and  present  a  very  pic- 
turesque appearance.  There 
are  many  legends  connected 
with  the  mountain. 

To  E.  L. 


ATL] 


66 


[AUR 


ATLANTIC. 

The  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Third    of    February ;     The 
Princess ;    Columbus. 
AUBREY     (Ellen).      See     Ellen, 
Ellen  Aubrey . 

AUDLEY. 
AUDLEY  COURT. 

'  Let  us  picnic  there 
At  Audley  Court.' 

I  spoke,  while  Audley  feast 
Humm'd  like  a  hive  all  round  the  narrow  quay. 

A  place-name  in  the  poem 
entitled  Audley  Court.  The 
poem  was  suggested  by  Abbey 
Park,  at  Torquay. 

Audley  Court. 
AUGUSTINE. 

One  of  the  fathers  of  the  early 
Church.  In  371  he  was  sent 
to  Carthage,  where  he  became 
a  convert  to  the  Manichaeans, 
and  taught  rhetoric  with  great 
reputation,  and  on  his  return 
to  Rome  was  appointed  its 
professor  at  Milan.  Here  the 
sermons  of  St.  Ambrose  effected 
his  conversion,  and  renouncing 
his  heretical  opinions  he  was 
baptized,  387.  Returning  to 
Africa  he  was  ordained  a  priest, 
and  subsequently  became  coad- 
jutor of  Valerius,  bishop  of 
Hippo,  and  afterwards  his  suc- 
cessor. In  the  church  of  All 
Saints,  Trull,  Somerset,  there 
is  a  fifteenth  century  oak  pulpit, 
richly  carved.  On  the  pulpit 
are  five  figures,  one  of  which 
represents  Augustine  of  Hippo 
(354-430).  Columbus. 

AURELIAN. 

Lucius     Domitius    Aurelian, 
son  of  a   peasant   of  Pannonia, 


was  elected  emperor  of  Rome 
270  a.d.,  and  rendered  himself 
famous  for  his  military  char- 
acter ;  drove  the  barbarians  out 
of  Italy ;  defeated  Zenobia, 
queen  of  Palmyra,  and  carried 
her  captive  to  Rome.  After  a 
reign  of  six  years,  as  he  was  on 
his  way  to  crush  a  rebellion  in 
Persia,  he  was  assassinated  near 
Byzantium  by  his  troops,  a.d. 
275. 

with  the  Palmyrene 
That  fought  Aurelian,  and  the  Roman  brows 
Of  Agrippina. 

The  Princess. 
AURELIUS. 

Elder  brother  of  Uther  the 
pendragon  and  reigned  before 
him.  In  Latin  he  is  called 
Ambrosius.  He  was  the  uncle 
of  king  Arthur.  In  457  he 
defeated  the  Saxons  who  had 
been  invited  over  by  Vortigern, 
and  beheaded  Hengist  (q.v.) ; 
and  by  the  aid  of  his  magician 
Merlin,  brought  the  great  stones 
known  as  the  '  Giant's  Dance ' 
from  Kildare  to  Salisbury  Plain 
where  he  erected  them  as  a 
monument  to  the  460  British 
chiefs  who  had  been  treacher- 
ously slain  by  Hengist.  It  is 
said  that  upon  his  death  there 
appeared  in  the  sky  a  large 
comet  which  issued  two  long 
and  brilliant  rays,  together  with 
a  fairy  form  like  a  dragon. 

For  first  Aurelius  lived  and  fought  and  died, 
And  after  him  King  Uther  fought  and  died, 
But  either  fail'd  to  make  the  kingdom  one. 

Coming  of  Arthur  ;    Gareth 
and  Lynette. 
AURICULA. 

A  species  of  primrose,  called 


AUS] 


67 


[AYL 


also,  from  the  shape  of  its  leaves, 
bear's  ear. 

City  Child. 
AUSONIAN. 

stay'd  the  Ausonian  king  to  hear 
Of  wisdom  and  of  law. 

Ausonia  was  the  name  of 
Campania,  a  province  of  Italy, 
during  its  occupation  by  the 
Oscans  and  Etruscans  in  the 
eleventh  century. 

Palace  of  Art. 

AUSTIN  (Augustine). 

Did  not  Great  Gregory  bid  St.  Austin  here 
Found     two    archbishopricks,    London    and 
York? 

Prior  of  the  Benedictine  mon- 
astery of  St.  Andrew,  Rome ; 
sent  by  pope  Gregory  I  in  596 
with  forty  other  monks  as  a 
missionary  to  England.  Land- 
ing on  the  Isle  of  Thanet  the 
missionaries  were  kindly  re- 
ceived by  Ethelbert,  king  of 
Kent,  who  subsequently  became 
a  convert  to  Christianity. 
Founded  the  See  of  Canterbury, 
and  became  its  first  archbishop. 
Becket. 
AVALON— AVILION. 

Avalon  or  Avilion  is  supposed 
to  have  been  an  island  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Glastonbury 
in  Somersetshire,  where  Joseph 
of  Arimathaea  is  said  to  have 
first  landed  with  his  boat  with 
the  Holy  Grail.  It  was  to  this 
island  that  king  Arthur  went 
to  be  healed  of  his  wounds, 
which  he  had  received  in  the 
last  weird  battle  in  the  west. 

'if  indeed 'I  go 
(For  all  my  mind  is  clouded  with  a  doubt) — 
To  the  island-valley  of  Avilion  ; 


Where  falls  not  hail,  or  rain,  or  any  snow; 
Nor  ever  wind  blows  loudly  :  but  it  lies 
Deep-meadow'd,    happy,    fair   with   orchard 

lawns 
And  bowery  hollows  crown'd  with  summer 

sea, 
Where  I  will  heal  me  of  my  grievous  wound.' 

The  word  means  'Apple-green 
Island '  and  it  has  been  de- 
scribed as  the  '  Island  of  the 
blest,  upon  which  Glastonbury 
stood.' 

O  three  times  famous  Isle,  where  is  that  place 
that  might 

Be  with  thy  self  compar'd  for  glory  and  de- 
light, 

Whilst  Glastonbury  stood  ? 

Drayton  :    PolyoWion,  Third,  Song. 

Palace  of  Art ;  Morte 
d?  Arthur ;  Gareth  and 
Lynette ;  Passing  of 
Arthur. 

AVE  MARY.     See  Mary. 

AVERILL. 

The  Rector  of  the  parish  in 
which  Aylmer's  Hall,  the  resi- 
dence of  sir  Aylmer  Aylmer 
(q.v.)  was  situated.  On  the 
death  of  Edith,  the  daughter  of 
sir  Aylmer,  he  was  asked  to 
preach  the  funeral  sermon, 
and  taking  for  his  text  '  Behold, 
your  house  is  left  unto  you 
desolate '  he  denounced  the 
pride  and  self-seeking  of  the 
Aylmer  parents. 

Aylmer's  Field. 

AVILION.     See  Avalon. 

AYLMER. 

Sir  Aylmer  Aylmer  was  a 
country  squire,  and  was  looked 
upon  as  the  supreme  authority 
in  the  village  in  which  he 
resided. 

Sir  Aylmer  Aylmer,  that  almighty  man, 
The  county  God — in  whose  capacious  hall, 
Hung  with  a  hundred  shields,  the  family  tree 
Sprang  from  the  midriff  of  a  prostrate  king — 


AYL] 


68 


[AYL 


His  wife,  lady  Aylmer,  had 
in  her  young  days  been  a  lady 
of  superior  beauty  and  attrac- 
tion, but  with  advancing  years 
had  lost  some  of  her  good  looks. 

His  wife,  a  faded  beauty  of  the  Baths, 
Insipid  as  the  Queen  upon  a  card  ; 
Her  all  of  thought  and  bearing  hardly  more 
Than  his  own  shadow  in  a  sickly  sun. 

They  had  one  daughter, 
Edith,  heiress  of  their  wealth 
and  name,  and  a  favourite  in 
the  parish,  and  sir  Alymer's 
ambition  was,  that  the  man  who 
married  her  should  adopt  the 
name  of  Aylmer  in  order  that 
the  family  name  may  not  become 
extinct. 

His  only  child,  his  Edith,  whom  he  loved 

As  heiress  and  not  heir  regretfully? 

But '  he  tha  t  marries  her  marries  her'name.' 

The  Rector  of  the  parish  in 
which  Aylmer  hall  was  situated 
was  named  Averill,  whose  family 
was  on  intimate  terms  with  the 
Aylmers,  three  generations  of 
each  family  having  followed  one 
another  at  the  rectory  and  the 
hall  respectively. 

Where  Aylmer  followea  Aylmer  at  the  Hall 
And  Averill  Averill  at  the  Rectory 
Thrice  over  :  so  that  Rectory  and  Hall, 
Bound  in  an  immemorial  intimacy, 
Were  open  to  each  other : 

Edith  was  in  love  with  Leolin 
— a  barrister — brother  of  the 
rector,  who,  during  the  vaca- 
tions, used  to  come,  and  stay 
with  his  brother  at  the  rectory. 
On  the  other  hand  an  Indian 
kinsman  came  to  visit  the 
Aylmers  and  made  presents  to 
Edith,  among  them  being  a 
jewelled  dagger;  but  as  Edith 
did  not  care  neither  for  the 
dagger  nor  the  donor  she  passed 
it    on    to    Leolin.     Owing    to 


the  gossip  in  the  village  sir 
Aylmer's  eyes  were  opened  to 
the  lovemaking  between  his 
daughter  and  Leolin,  with  the 
result  that  Leolin  was  forbidden 
to  enter  his  house,  and  Edith 
was  kept  close  at  home. 

'  Boy,  should  I  find  you  by  my  doors  again, 
My  men  shall  lash  you  from  them  like  a  dog  ; 
Hence  !  '  with  a  sudden  execration  drove 
The  footstool  from  before  him ;  and  arose : 

A  clandestine  correspondence 
was  however  carried  on,  and  this 
being  discovered  was  stopped, 
and  Edith  was  more  closely 
confined,  with  the  result  that  she 
lost  her  health  and  eventually 
succumbed  to  an  attack  of 
fever.  When  Leolin  learned 
the  news  he  stabbed  himself  with 
the  dagger  that  Edith  had  given 
him. 

The  second  day 
My  lady's  Indian   kinsman  rushing  in, 
A  breaker  of  the    bitter  news  from  home, 
Found  a  dead  man  ,  a  letter  edged  with  death 
Beside  him  ;  and  the  dagger  which  himself 
Gave  Edith,  redden'd  with  no  bandit's  blood  : 
'  From  Edith  '  was  engraven  on  the  blade. 

On  the  Sunday  following 
Edith's  death,  the  rector  of  the 
parish  was  asked  to  preach  her 
funeral  sermon,  and  taking  for 
his  text  '  Behold  your  house 
is  left  unto  you  desolate,'  he 
denounced  the  pride  of  the 
Aylmer  parents. 

Long  o'er  his  bent   brows  linger'd  Averill' 
His  face  magnetic  to  the  hand  from  which 
Livid  he  pluck'd  it  forth,  and  labour'd  thro' 
His    brief    prayer-prelude,    gave    the    verse 

'  Behold, 
Your  house  is  left  unto  you  desolate  !  ' 
But  lapsed  into  so  long  a  pause  again 
As  half  amazed  half  frighted  all  his  flock  : 

In  a  fainting  condition  lady 
Aylmer  was  carried  out  of 
church,  followed  by  her  hus- 
band, amid  the  frowns  of  the 
congregation. 


AYL] 


69 


[BAB 


While  thus  he  spoke,  his  hearers  wept ;  but 

some, 
Sons  of  the  glebe,  with  other  frowns  than  those 
That  knit  themselves  for  summer  shadow, 

scowl' d 
At  their  great  lord. 

Neither  of  them  entered  the 
church  again,  for  in  the  course 
of  a  month  lady  Aylmer  died. 

But  nevermore  did  either  pass  the  gate 
Save  under  pall  with  bearers.     In  one  month, 
Thro'  weary  and  yet  ever  wearier  hours, 
The  childless  mother  went  to  seek  her  .child  . 

Sir  Aylmer  became  an  im- 
becile and  two  years  later  was 
laid  beside  his  wife  and  daughter; 
the  hall  was  demolished  and 
its  place  became  the  haunt  of 
the  mole  and  hedgehog,  the 
slow-worm  and  the  weasel. 

his  own  head 
Began  to  droop,  to  fall ;  the  man  became 
Imbecile  ;  his  one  word  was  '  desolate ; ' 
Dead  for  two  years  before  his  death  was  he  ; 
But  when  the  second  Christmas  came,  escaped 
His  keepers,  and  the  silence  which  he  felt, 
To  find  a  deeper  in  the  narrow  gloom 
By  wife  and  child. 

*  *  » 

Then  the  great  Hall  was  wholly  broken  down, 
And  the  broad  woodland  parcell'd  into  farms  : 
And  where  the  two  contrived  their  daughter's 

good, 
Lies  the  hawk's  cast,  the  mole  has  made  his 

run, 
The  hedgehog  underneath  the  plantain  bores, 
The  rabbit  fondles  his  own  harmless  face, 
The  slow-worm  creeps,  and  the  thin  weasel 

there 
Follows  the  mouse,  and  all  is  open  field. 

Inter's  Field. 


Ayh 


AYLMER-AVERILL. 

A  combination  of  the  names 
of  Aylmer  and  Averill ;  Aylmer 
being  the  family  name  of  the 
pompous  squire,  and  Averill 
the  name  of  the  rector  of  the 
parish  in  which  Aylmer  hall  was 
situated. 

Where  Aylmer  followed  Aylmer  at  the  Hall 
And  Averill  Averill  at  the  Rectory 
Thrice  over ;  so  that  Rectory  and  Hal), 
Bound  in  an  immemorial  intimacy, 
Were  open  to  each  other ; 

In  years  gone  by  an  Aylmer 
had   married   an   Averill. 


There  was  an  Aylmer- Averill  marriage  once, 
When  the  red  rose  was  redder  than  itself. 

Aylmer 's  Field. 
AZORES. 

A  group  of  nine  volcanic 
islands  in  the  Atlantic  of  which 
Flores  is  one.  It  was  near  these 
islands  that  sir  Richard  Gren- 
ville  (q.v.)  in  the  reign  of  queen 
Elizabeth  was  attacked  by  the 
Spanish  Fleet. 

The  Revenge. 
AZRAEL. 

I  saw  thee  fall  before  me,  and  then 
Me  too  the  black-wing*d  Azrael  overcame, 
But  Death  had  ears  and  eyes  ; 

The  Angel  of  Death.  Ac- 
cording to  Mahomet  the  angel 
appointed  to  inflict  the  death 
penalty  on  all  unbelievers. 

Akbar's  Dream. 
BAAL. 

The  principal  god  of  the  Ca- 
naanites  and  Phoenicians.  In 
Biblical  times  the  priests,  in 
honour  of  their  god,  cut  them- 
selves with  knives.  I  Kings 
xviii.  28. 

Aylmer 's  Field  ;  Becket. 

BABEL. 

till  a  clamour  grew 
As  of  a  new-world  Babel,  woman-built 
And  worse-confounded  : 

Signifies  confusion.  Has  re- 
ference to  the  building  of  the 
tower    of    Babel.     Genesis    xi. 

The  Princess. 
BABYLON. 

Sea  Dreams  ;  Sir  John  Old- 
castle,  Lord  Cobham  ;  The  Dawn. 

BABYLONIAN  WALL. 

and  she 
The  foundress  of  the  Babylonian  wall, 

Semiramis,    wife    of    Ninus, 


BAC] 


70 


[BAL 


king  of  Assyria  and  the  founder 
of  Nineveh.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  Derceto,  the  Syrian 
fish-goddess,  and  married  Onnes 
one  of  Ninus'  generals ;  but 
after  her  heroic  capture  of 
Bactra,  the  king  married  her, 
and  Onnes  committed  suicide. 
After  Ninus'  death  she  ruled 
and  founded  many  cities,  in- 
cluding the  city  of  Babylon. 
After  reigning  forty-two  years 
she  abdicated  in  favour  of  her 
son  and  ascended  to  heaven  in 
the  form  of  a  dove. 

The  Princess. 
BACCHANAL. 

Then  those  who  led  the  van,  and  those  in  rear, 
Rush'd  into  dance,  and  like  wild  Bacchanals 
Fled  onward  to  the  steeple  in  the  woods  : 

=A  noisy  or  riotous  person. 
Lover's  Tale. 
BACCHANTE. 

Cassandra,  Hebe,  Joan, 
Or  spinning  at  your  wheel  beside  the  vine — 
Bacchante,  what  you  will ; 

=A  female  disciple  of  Bacchus. 
Romney's  Remorse. 

BACCHUS. 

In  Roman  mythology  the  god 
of  wine,  son  of  Zeus  and 
Semele. 

Dream  of  Fair  Women. 

BACON    (Lord).    See   Verulam. 

BADGER. 

A  burrowing  nocturnal 
animal. 

Holy  Grail ;   The  Foresters. 

BADON. 

The  twelfth  great  battle  of 
king  Arthur  with  the  Saxons 
was  fought  near  Badon  Hill, 
520  a.d.     It  was  the    greatest 


of  all  his  victories,  it  being 
computed  that  '  nine  hundred 
and  sixty  men  fell  before 
Arthur's  single  onset.' 

'  and  on  the  mount 
Of  Badon  I  myself  beheld  the  King 
Charge  at  the  head  of  all  his  Table  Round, 
And  all  his  legions  crying  Christ  and  him, 
And  break  them  ;  and  I  saw  him,  after,  stand 
High  on  a  heap  of  slain,  from  spur  to  plume 
Red  as  the  rising  sun  with  heathen  blood,' 

The  locality  of  Badon  has 
been  a  matter  of  dispute.  It 
has  been  identified  with  Badon 
Hill,  in  Linlithgow,  but  is  now 
generally  thought  to  be  Brad- 
bury Hill,  in  Dorset. 

Lancelot  and  Elaine. 

BAGDAT. 

or  Bagdad,  on  the  river 
Tigris,  was  founded  in  762  to 
be  the  capital  of  the  Caliphate. 
Under  Haroun  Alraschid  (q.v) 
it  became  famous  as  a  seat  of 
learning,  and  contained  over 
100  mosques,  the  domes  and 
minarets  of  which  were  orna- 
mented with  glazed  tiles  in 
green  and  white. 

By  Bagdat's  shrines  of  fretted  gold, 
High- walled  gardens  green  and  old  ; 
True  Mussulman  was  I  and  sworn. 

For  it  was  in  the  golden  prime 

Of  good  Haroun  Alraschid. 

Recollections  of  the  Arabian 
Nights. 

BAGENHALL.     See  Ralph,  Ralph 
Bagenhall. 

BAILEY-GATE. 

Storm  at  the  Water-gate  !  storm  at  the  Bailey 
gate !  storm. 

Defence  of  Lucknow. 
BALA. 

A  Welsh  lake,  out  of  which 
flows  the  river  Dee.  The 
south-west  wind  blows  from 
end  to  end  of  the  lake,  and  as 


BAL] 


71 


[BAL 


it  drives  the  water  to  north-east 
it  fills  the  river. 

As  the  south-west  that  blowing  Bala  lake 
Fills  all  the  sacred  Dee. 

Geraint  and  Enid. 
BALAN. 

A     Knight    of    the    Round 
Table  ;    brother  of  Balin  (q.v.) 
Balin  and  Balan. 

BALE  (John). 

Bishop  of  Ossory.  Born  in 
Suffolk,  and  educated  at  a 
Carmelite  monastery,  Norwich, 
and  Jesus  College,  Cambridge, 
he  became  a  convert  from 
popery.  In  1540,  on  the  fall 
of  Cromwell,  he  fled  to  Ger- 
many, but  in  1547  was  recalled 
by  Edward  VI,  made  rector 
of  Swaffam  in  1551,  and  two 
years  later  bishop  of  Ossory. 
On  the  accession  of  Mary  he 
fled  to  Basle,  where  he  lived 
until  1559,  but  returned  in  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth,  and  was 
made  a  prebendary  of  Canter- 
bury. He  wrote  the  first 
literary  history  of  England, 
and  in  1849  his  select  works 
were  published  by  the  Parker 
Society  (1495-1563). 

Queen  Mary. 
BALIN. 

A  knight  of  the  Round  Table 
called  'The  Savage.'  He  was 
a  Northumberland  knight  and 
being  taken  captive  by  king 
Arthur,  was  imprisoned  for  six 
months.  When  he  was  released, 
a  damsel  came  to  Camelot 
girded  with  a  sword,  and  told 
the  king  that  no  one  tainted 
with    '  treachery  '    could    draw 


it.  King  Arthur  and  all  his 
knights  tried  and  failed,  but 
sir  Balin  drew  it  easily.  The 
damsel  begged  for  the  sword 
but  Balin  refused,  whereupon 
she  said  that  it  would  be  a 
plague  to  him,  for  with  it  he 
would  slay  his  best  friend,  and 
would  also  prove  his  own  death. 
The  Lady  of  the  Lake  next 
demanded  the  sword,  but  Balin 
cut  off  her  head  with  it  and  he 
was  banished  from  court.  Going 
one  day  to  a  castle  to  joust,  he 
met  a  knight  in  red,  accom- 
panied with  a  shield,  and  rode 
forth  to  meet  him.  So  fierce 
was  the  encounter  that  both 
the  combatants  were  wounded, 
each  living  long  enough  to 
learn  that  his  antagonist  was 
none  other  than  his  brother. 

'  O  brother,'  answered  Balin,  '  woe  is  me ! 
My  madness  all  thy  life  has  been  thy  doom, 
Thy  curse,  and  darken'd  all  thy  day  ;  and  now 
The  night  has  come.    I  scarce  can  see  thee 

now. 
Goodnight !    for    we  shall   never  bid  again 

goodmorrow — 

•  *  » 

Goodnight,  true  brother. 

Balan  answer'd  low, 
'  Goodnight,  true  brother  here  !  goodmorrow 

there ! 
We  two  were  born  together,  and  we  die 
Together  by  one  doom  :  '  and  while  he  spoke. 
Closed  his  death-drowsing  eyes,  and  slept  the 

sleep 
With  Balin,  either  lock'd  in  either's  arm. 

Thus  was  fulfilled  the  dam- 
sel's prophecy.  Merlin  buried 
the  two  brothers  in  one  tomb, 
and 

'  the  scabbard  of  Balin's  sword  Merlin  left  it 
on  this  side  the  island  that  Galahad  should 
find  it,'  also  he  put '  Balin's  sword  in  a  marble 
stone  standing  upright  as  great  as  a  millstone, 
and  the  stone  hoved  always  above  the  water, 
and  did  many  years,  and  so  by  adventure  it 
swam  down  the  stream  to  the  city  of  Camelot, 
that  is  in  English  Winchester.' 
Malory  :  Morte  d?  Arthur,  Book  II.  chap.  xix. 

Balin  and  Balan. 


BAL] 

BALLIOL 

A  college  at  Oxford  founded 
in  1263  by  John  de  Baliol 
father  of  John  de  Baliol  king 
of  Scotland. 

To  the  Master  of  Balliol. 

BALM-CRICKET. 

A  cicada.  A  Dirge. 

BALTIC. 

O  shaker  of  the  Baltic  and  the  Nile, 

Has  reference  to  Lord  Nel- 
son's victory  at  the  battle  of 
Copenhagen,  April  2,  1801. 

Ode    on    the   Death    of    the 
Duke  of  Wellington. 

BALTIC  (Sea). 

Maud. 
BAMBOO. 

A  gigantic  Indian  reed  or 
grass,  with  hollow  jointed  stem, 
which  are  used  for  poles, 
walking  sticks,  etc. 

To  Ulysses. 
BARA. 

A  Welsh  word  meaning 
■  bread.' 

Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cob  ham. 
BAR  ABB  AS. 

Why  should  this  Rome,  this  Rome, 
Still  choose  Barabbas  rather  than  the  Christ. 


Becket. 


BARBARIAN. 


Till  that  o'ergrown  Barbarian  in   the  East 
Transgress   his   ample   bound   to  some   new 
crown : — 


=Russia. 


Poland. 


BARBAROSSA. 

Surname  of  Frederick  I, 
emperor  of  the  Holy  Roman 
Empire.  Succeeded  his  father 
duke  Frederick  II  of  Swabia 
in  1 147,  and  his  uncle  Conrad 
III  as  emperor   in  1152.     The 


72  [BAR 

great  struggle  of  his  reign  was 
with  Lombardy.  Honorius  III 
prepared  to  support  the  Lom- 
bardy cities,  and  Gregory  IX 
began  the  struggle  between  the 
papacy  and  the  emperor. 

I,  true  son 
Of  Holy  Church — no  croucher  to  the  Gregories 
That  tread  the  kings  their  children  under- 

heel — 
Must  curb  her,  and  the    Holy  Father,  while 
This   Barbarossa   butts   him   from  his  chair. 

Died  in  1190  in  the   crusade 
against  Saladin  (11 23-1 190). 
Becket. 
BARCELONA. 

At  Barcelona — tho'  you  were  not  then 

So  bearded.     Yes.     The  city   deck'd  herself 

To  meet  me,  roar'd  my  name ;  the  king,  the 

queen 
Bad  me  be  seated,  speak,  and  tell  them  all 
The  story  of  my  voyage, 

A  seaport  and  capital  of  the 
province  of  Barcelona.  On  his 
return  from  his  first  voyage 
Columbus  arrived  at  Barcelona, 
where  every  preparation  had 
been  made  to  give  him  an  en- 
thusiastic reception,  and  where 
Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  seated 
under  a  rich  canopy,  awaited 
his  arrival.  As  Columbus  ap- 
proached the  king  and  queen 
rose  from  their  seats,  and 
Columbus  falling  on  his  knees 
requested  to  kiss  their  hands. 
The  sovereigns  however 
ordered  him  to  seat  himself 
in  their  presence,  and  at  their 
request  Columbus  gave  an 
account  of  the  voyage  and  a 
description  of  the  land  he  had 
discovered.  Columbus. 

BARLOW  (William). 

A  native  of  Essex,  canon  of 
St.  Osith  monastery  Essex,  and 
afterwards  prior  of  the  canons 
at  Bisham.    Appointed  bishop 


BAR] 


73 


[BAY 


of  London,  1509,  and  bishop 
of  St.  Asaph,  1535,  being 
transferred  to  St.  David's  in 
the  following  year.  In  1547 
he  was  translated  to  Bath  and 
Wells,  and  became  a  zealous 
preacher  of  the  reformed  faith. 
On  the  accession  of  Mary  he  was 
deprived  of  his  bishopric,  and 
committed  to  the  Tower,  but 
escaping,  fled  to  Germany. 

our  Bishops  from  their  sees 
Or  fled,  they  say,  or  flying — Poinet,  Barlow, 
Bale,  Scory,  Coverdale ; 

Elizabeth  having  succeeded, 
he  returned,  was  created  bishop 
of  Chichester,  1559,  and  in 
1560  prebendary  of  West- 
minster, and  died  the  same  year. 
Queen  Mary. 

BARTON   (Elizabeth).    See  Joan 
of  Kent. 

BASILISK. 

A  fabulous  creature,  resem- 
bling a  dragon. 

Holy  Grail. 
BASLE. 

A  city  in  the  north-west  of 
Switzerland.  Was  a  centre  of 
influence  in  Reformation  times, 
and  for  several  years  the  home 
of  Erasmus. 

To  Strasburg,  Antwerp, 
Frankfort,  Zurich,  Worms, 
Geneva,  Basle — our  Bishops  from  their  sees 
Or  fled,  they  say,  or  flying — 

Queen  Mary. 
BASS  A. 

Supposed  to  mean  Bashall 
Brook,  which  joins  the  river 
Ribble  near  Clitheroe,  in  Lan- 
cashire. It  was  the  scene  of 
king  Arthur's  sixth  victory  over 
the  Saxons. 

Lancelot  and  Elaine. 


BAT. 

An  animal  with  a  body  like 
a  mouse,  but  which  flies  on 
wings  attached  mainly  to  its 
fore-feet. 

Mariana  ;     The   Princess  ; 

In    Memoriam  ;      Maud  ; 

Balin  and  Balan  ;  Despair  ; 

The  Foresters. 

BATHS. 

His  wife  a  faded  beauty  of  the  Baths, 

=Lady  Aylmer.      Had  for- 
merly   been    a    belle    at    the 
fashionable  watering-places,  but 
had  now  lost  her  good  looks. 
Aylmer' 's  Field. 

BATHS,  THE. 

The  Baths,  the  Forum  gabbled  of  his  death, 

In  great  cities  of  the  Roman 
Empire  the  Baths  were  popular 
lounges  where  amusements  were 
provided  for  the  people  ;  con- 
sequently centre  of  gossip. 

St.  Telemachus. 

BATTLE-TWIG. 

=an  earwig. 

Spinster's  Sweet-Arts. 
BAY. 

=the  laurel-tree. 

Gareth  and  Lynette  ;   Poets 
and    their    Bibliographies. 

BAYEUX. 

An  ancient  city  of  Normandy. 
The  ancient  cathedral  in  Gothic 
said  to  be  the  oldest  in  Nor- 
mandy, was  rebuilt,  after  a  fire, 
by  William  the  Conqueror  in 
1077,  but  the  present  structure 
dates  mainly  from  1106  to  the 
thirteenth  century.  Bayeux  is 
noted  for  its  celebrated  tapestry, 
preserved  in  the  Bayeux  public 


BEA] 


74 


[BED 


library.  It  is  230  feet  long, 
by  20  inches  wide,  worked  in 
coloured  worsted,  and  divided 
into  seventy-two  scenes,  con- 
nected with  the  life  of  William 
the  Conqueror.  It  is  con- 
sidered to  have  been  the  work 
of  queen  Matilda.  William's 
half-brother,  Odo,  was  ap- 
pointed bishop  of  Bayeux  in 
1048,  a  see  which  he  held  for 
fifty  years.  Harold. 

BEAR. 

=an  animal  of  many  varieties. 

The  Princess ;     Coming   of 

Arthur  ;        Pelleas       and 

Ettarre ;    Harold ;    Becket. 

BEAR. 

A  constellation  of  seven  stars 
in  the  northern  hemisphere, 
called  also  the  Plough,  the 
Wagon,  and  Charles's  Wain. 
In  Welsh  it  is  called  the  Chariot 
of  Arthur,  as  the  name  Arthur 
originally  denoted  a  Bear  ;  while 
the  Round  Table  was  suggested 
by  the  movement  of  the  con- 
stellation round  the  pole  star. 

Now  poring  on  the  glow-worm,  now  the  star, 
I  paced  the  terrace,  till  the  Bear  had  wheel  'd 
Thro'  a  great  arc  his  seven  slow  suns. 

The  Princess,  iv. 
and  thro'  the  gap 
The  seven  clear  stars  of  Arthur's  Table  Round — 
Holy  Grail. 

The  Princess. 
BECKET    (Gilbert).     See    Gilbert 

Becket. 
BECKET  (Thomas).    See  Thomas, 

Thomas  Becket. 
BEDINGFIELD      (Henry).      See 

Henry  Bedingfield. 
BEDIVERE. 

The  first  made  and  the  latest 

left  of  all  the  Knights  of  the 


Round  Table.  He  is  described 
as  the  '  bold  sir  Bedivere,' 
being  always  ready  to  defend 
king  Arthur's  right  to  the 
throne. 

For  bold  in  heart  and  act  and  word  was  he, 
Whenever  slander  breathed  against  the  King — 

He  was  one  of  the  three 
knights  sent  by  king  Arthur 
to  king  Leodogran,  to  ask  for 
the  hand  of  his  daughter 
Guinevere ;  and  in  the  last 
weird  battle  in  the  west  the 
only  knight  of  Arthur's  who 
escaped  alive.  When  Arthur 
lay  dying  he  commanded  sir 
Bedivere  to  return  his  sword 
Excalibur  to  the  Lady  of  the 
Lake. 

'  But  now  delay  not :  take  Excalibur, 
And  fling  him  far  into  the  middle  mere  : 
Watch  what  thou  seest,  and  lightly  bring  me 
word.' 

Twice  did  sir  Bedivere  go 
to  the  pool  and  twice  did  his 
heart  fail  him,  for  thinking  it 
a  pity  to  throw  away  so  valuable 
a  weapon  he  hid  it  among  the 
waterflags  about  the  marge. 
Returning  to  the  dying  king 
and  being  questioned  as  to  what 
he  had  seen  he  replied  : 

'  I  heard  the  ripple  washing  in  the  reeds, 
And  the  wild  water  lapping  on  the  crag.' 

but  the  dying  monarch  detect- 
ing the  knight's  deception, 
threateningly  commanded  him 
to  fulfil  his  wishes. 

'  Unknightly,  traitor-hearted  !    Woe  is  me  I 
Authority  forgets  a  dying  king, 

»  *  • 

get  thee  hence  : 
But,  if  thou  spare  to  fling  Excalibur, 
I  will  arise  and  slay  thee  with  my  hands.' 

whereupon  the  knight  rose,  and 
going  down  to  the  mere,  clutch'd 
the  sword  and  threw  it  in  the 
water. 


BEE] 


75 


[BEL 


But  ere  it  dipt  the  surface,  rose  an  arm 
Clothed  in  white  samite,  mystic,  wonderful^ 
And  caught  him  by  the  hilt,  and  brandish'd 

him 
Three  times,  and  drew  him  under  in  the  mere. 

Returning  to  the  king  sir 
Bedivere  told  him  what  he  had 
seen,  and  taking  the  king  upon 
his  back  went  to  the  water- 
side and  placed  him  in  a  barge 
in  which  were  three  queens, 
all  of  whom  wept.  Rowing 
from  the  land  sir  Bedivere 
cried  : 

'  Ah,  my  lord  Arthur,  what  shall  become  of 
me  now  ye  go  from  me,  and  leave  me  here 
alone  among  thine  enemies.  Comfort  thy- 
self, said  the  king,  and  do  as  well  as  thou 
mayest,  for  in  me  is  no  trust  for  to  trust  in. 
For  I  will  into  the  vale  of  Avilion,  to  heal  me 
of  my  grievous  wound.  And  if  thou  hear 
never  more  of  me,  pray  for  my  soul.' 

Malory :  Morte  d' Arthur,  Book  XXI.  chap.  v. 

And  as  soon  as  the  bold  sir 
Bedivere  lost  sight  of  the  barge 
he  wept,  and  taking  to  the 
forest  became  a  hermit. 

Morte  d?  Arthur  ;  Coming 
of  Arthur ;  Passing  of 
Arthur. 

BEE. 

A  four-winged  insect  that 
makes  honey. 

Claribel ;  A       Dirge ; 

Eleanor e  ;  Two  Voices  ; 
(Enone ;  Amphion ;  A 
Farewell ;  Enoch  Arden  ; 
The  Princess ;  Northern 
Farmer,  New  Style ;  The 
Window ;  Lancelot  and 
Elaine  ;  Holy  Grail  ;  An- 
cient Sage  ;  Fastness  ;  Pro- 
gress of  Spring  ;  Romney's 
Remorse. 


BEEA. 


=B( 


Northern  Cobbler. 


BEECH. 

A  tree  with  smooth  silvery- 
looking  bark. 

On  a  Mourner ;  Talking 
Oak ;  In  Memoriam  ; 
Progress  of  Spring  ;  Edwin 
Morris ;  Amphion ;  The 
Brook  ;  Prologue  to  General 
Hamley  ;  The  Cup. 

BEELZEBUB. 

The  Foresters. 
BEETLE. 

An  insect,  having  four  wings, 
the  outer  pair  being  stiff  cases 
for  covering  the  others  when 
they  are  folded  up. 

Claribel. 
BEL. 

The  British  god  of  the  under- 
world. 

Boddicea. 
BELLEROPHON. 

Name  of  a  horse. 

The  Brook. 

BELLICENT. 

Daughter  of  Gorlois,  duke  of 
Cornwall,  and  his  wife  Ygerne. 
As  a  widow  married  Uther  the 
pendragon,  and  was  therefore 
the  mother  of  Arthur.  Tenny- 
son says  that  she  was  the  wife 
of  Lot,  king  of  Orkney,  and 
mother  of  Gawain  and  Modred  : 

there  came  to  Cameliard, 
With  Gawain  and  young  Modred,  her  two  sons, 
Lot's  wife,  the  Queen  of  Orkney,  Bellicent  ; 

Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  says 
*  that  Lot's  wife  was  Anne,  the 
sister  of  Arthur  ; '  but  Malory, 
in  his  Morte  d' Arthur,  says  : 
'  And  king  Lot  of  Lothian  and 
of  Orkney  then  wedded  Mar- 
gawse      that      was      Gawaine's 


BEN] 


76 


[BER 


mother :  and  king  Nentres  of 
the  land  of  Garlot  wedded 
Elaine.' 

Coming  of  Arthur  ;    Gareth 
and  Lynette. 
BENEDICT. 

Founder  of  the  religious 
order  of  the  Benedictines.  Born 
at  Nursia  of  wealthy  parents, 
he  became  convinced  of  the 
necessity  of  leading  a  life  of 
meditation  and  prayer,  and 
lived  for  three  years  as  a  hermit. 
Appointed  abbot  of  the  monas- 
tery of  Vicovaro,  he  left  it 
on  account  of  the  rules  not 
being  severe  enough  and  founded 
the  monastery  of  Monte  Cassino, 
near  Naples  (480-543). 

Becket. 
BENGAL. 

A  presidency  of  British  India. 
The  Brook. 

BERKELEY       (Maurice).        See 
Maurice,    Maurice   Berkeley. 

BERKHAMSTEAD. 

A  castle  erected  by  the 
Saxons,  but  in  the  time  of 
Henry  I  was  ordered  to  be 
razed  to  the  ground.  It  is 
probable,  however,  that  the 
demolition  was  only  partial, 
as  we  find  it  some  years  later 
fitted  up  as  a  royal  residence. 
In  the  twelfth  century  it  was 
given  to  Thomas  Becket,  arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  by 
Henry  II,  and  since  was  granted 
by  the  Crown  from  time  to  time 
to  various  noble  families,  until 
the  time  of  Edward  III,  when 
it  descended  from  the  Crown  to 


the  successive  Princes  of  Wales 
as  heirs  apparent  to  the  throne 
and  possessors  of  the  dukedom 
of  Cornwall.  Becket. 

BERKSHIRE. 

and  as  now 
Men  weed  the  white  horse  on   the   Berkshire 

hills 
To  keep  him  bright  and  clean  as  heretofore, 

The  figure  of  the  White  Horse 
on  the  Berkshire  Hills  is  said 
to  have  been  executed  by  king 
Alfred  to  celebrate  his  victory 
over  the  Danes  at  Ashdown  in 
871.  The  figure,  which  is  374 
feet  long,  can  be  seen  at  a 
distance  of  fifteen  miles,  and  is 
formed  by  cutting  away  the 
turf  and  leaving  the  chalk 
bare.  A  ceremony  called  the 
'  Scouring  of  the  White  Horse  ' 
was  formerly  held  once  a  year  ; 
and  for  this  purpose  it  was 
customary  for  the  neighbouring 
inhabitants  to  assemble  with 
picks  and  shovels,  and  after  they 
had  rendered  more  distinct  the 
form  of  the  horse,  were  enter- 
tained by  the  lord  of  the  manor. 

The  owld  White  Harse  wants  zettin  to  rights, 

And  the  Squire  hev  promised  good  cheer, 
Zo  we'll  gee  un  a  scrape  to  kip  un  in  shape, 

And  a  11  last  for  many  a  year. 
A  was  made  a  lang  lang  time  ago 

Wi'  a  good  dale  o'  labour  and  pains, 
By   King  Alferd   the  Great  when  he  spwiled 
their  consate 

And  caddled  thay  wosbirds  the  Danes. 
The  Bleawin  Stwun  in  days  gone  by 

Wur  King  Alferd's  bugle  ham, 
And  the  tharnin  tree  you  med  plainly  zee 

As  is  called  King  Alferd's  tharn. 
There'll  be  backsword  play,  and  climmin  the 
powl, 

And  a  race  for  a  peg,  and  a  cheese, 
And  us  thenks  as  hisn's  a  dummell  zowl 

As  dwont  care  for  zich  spwoorts  as  theze. 
Hughes :    Scouring  of  the  White  Horse. 

The  festival,  which  concluded 
their  labours,  included  horse- 
racing,  foot-races,  backsword- 
play,    and    other    old    English 


BER] 


11 


[BEV 


games,  and  prizes  were  distri- 
buted to  the  successful  com- 
petitors. The  ceremony  was 
suspended  in  1780,  only,  how- 
ever, to  be  renewed  with  great 
pomp  in  1857.  Appended  is 
a  copy  of  the  hand-bills  an- 
nouncing the  ceremony  for  the 
years  1776  and  1857  ;  from  The 
Scouring  of  the  White  Horse, 
by  Hughes. 

White  Horse  Hill,  Berks,  1776. 
'  The  scowering  and  cleansing  of  the  White 
Horse  is  fixed  for  Monday  the  27th  day  of  May  ; 
on  which  day  a  Silver  Cup  will  be  run  for  near 
White  Horse  Hill,  by  any  horse,  etc.,  that 
never  run  for  anything,  carrying  n  stone,  the 
best  of  3  two-mile  heats,  to  start  at  ten  o'clock. 
'  Between  the  heats  will  be  run  for  by  Poneys, 
a  Saddle,  Bridle  and  Whip ;  the  best  of  3  two- 
mile  heats,  the  winner  of  2  heats  will  be  en- 
titled to  the  Saddle,  the  second  best  the  Bridle, 
and  the  third  the  Whip. 

4  The  same  time  a  Thill  harness  will  be  run 
for  by  Cart-horses,  etc.,  in  their  harness  and 
bells,  the  carters  to  ride  in  smock  frocks  without 
saddles,  crossing  and  jostling,  but  no  whipping 
allowed. 

'  A  flitch  of  Bacon  to  be  run  for  by  asses. 

'  A  good  Hat  to  be  run  for  by  men  in  sacks, 
every  man  to  bring  his  own  sack. 

'  A  Waistcoat,  10s.  6d.  value,  to  be  given  to 
the  person  who  shall  take  a  bullet  out  of  a 
tub  of  flour  with  his  mouth  in  the  shortest 
time. 

'  A  Cheese  to  be  run  for  down  the  White 
Horse  Manger. 

'  Smocks  to  be  run  for  by  ladies,  the  second 
best  of  each  prize  to  be  entitled  to  a  Silk  Hat. 

'  Cudgel-playing  for  a  gold-laced  Hat  and  a 
pair  of  buckskin  Breeches,  and  Wrestling  for  a 
pair  of  silver  Buckles  and  a  pair  of  pumps. 

'  The  horses  to  be  on  the  White  Horse  Hill 
by  nine  o'clock. 

■  No  less  than  four  horses,  etc.  or  asses  to 
start  for  any  of  the  above  prizes.' 
Pastimf« 

To  be  held  on  the  occasion  of  the  Scouring  of 
the  White  Horse,  September  17  and  18,  1857. 

At  a  meeting  held  at  the  Craven  Arms,  Uf- 
fington,  on  the  20th  day  of  August,  1857,  the 
following  resolutions  (amongst  others)  were 
passed  unanimously : — 

First.  That  a  pastime  be  held  on  the  White 
Horse  Hill,  on  Thursday  and  Friday,  the 
17th  and  18th  of  September,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  old  custom  at  the  time  of 
'  The  Scouring  of  the  Horse.' 

2dly.  That  E.  Martin  Atkins,  Esq.,  of 
Kingston  Lisle,  be  appointed  Treasurer. 

3dly.  That  prizes  be  awarded  for  the  fol- 
ing  games  and  sports,  That  is  to  say — 

Rarksword  Plav  i  01d  8amesters>  & 

Backsword  ^lay  {  Young  gamesters,  £4 

«r     —       f  Old  gamesters,  £5 

Wrestling.  {  Youn6g  gamesters,  £4 

A  jingling  match. 

Foot  races. 

Hurdle  races. 


Race  of  cart-horses  in  Thill  harness  (for  a 
new  set  of  harness). 

Donkey  race  (for  a  flitch  of  bacon). 

Climbing  pole  (for  a  leg  of  mutton). 

Races  down '  the  Manger  '  (for  cheeses). 

A  pig  will  be  turned  out  on  the  down,  to  be 
the  prize  of  the  man  who  catches  him 
(under  certain  regulations)  ;  and  further 
prizes  will  be  awarded  for  other  games  and* 
sports  as  the  funds  will  allow. 

4thly.  That  no  person  be  allowed  to  put 
up  or  use  a  stall  or  booth  on  the  ground, 
without  the  previous  sanction  of  Mr.  Spack- 
man,  of  Bridgecombe  Farm  [the  occupier], 
who  is  hereby  authorized  to  make  terms 
with  any  person  wishing  to  put  up  a  stall 
or  booth. 

Signed,  E.  Martin  Atkins, 

Chairman. 

The  White  Horse  was  the 
emblem  of  Hengist,  and  repre- 
sented Odin,  the  war-god  of 
the  Teutonic  Tribes. 

Geraint  and  Enid. 
BESS. 

The  wife  of  a  farmer,  a  native 
of  the  north  of  England. 

Owd  Rod. 
BESS. 

Servant  girl  to  an  old  spinster, 
who  named  her  cats  after  her 
former  admirers. 

Spinster's  Sweet-Arts. 

BESSY  MARRIS. 

A  person  of  rather  doubtful 
character.  She  accused  an  old 
farmer  of  being  the  father  of 
her  child.  In  order  to  deal 
fairly  he  decided  to  look  after 
Bessy  and  her  child. 

I  done  moy  duty  boy  'um  as  I  'a  done  boy  the 
lond. 

Northern  Farmer,  Old  Style. 
BETHLEHEM. 

Not  least  art  thou,  little  Bethlehem 

In  Judah,  for  in  thee  the  Lord  was  born; 

See  Matthew  »»'.  v. 

Sir  John  Oldcastler 
Lord  Cobham. 

BEVERLEY  (John). 

Carmelite  :  doctor  and  pro- 
fessor  of   divinity    at    Oxford ; 


BID] 


78 


[BLA 


canon    of    St.    John's    Church, 
Beverley  ;  burnt  to  death,  1414. 

Burnt — good  Sir  Roger  Acton,  my  dear  friend ' 
Burnt  too,  my  faithful  preacher,  Beverley ! 

Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cob  ham. 

BIDEFORD. 

A  town  on  the  north  coast  of 
Devonshire,  and  in  the  time  of 
Elizabeth  a  port  of  some  im- 
portance. It  was  the  birth- 
place of  sir  Richard  Grenville 
(q.v),  commander  of  The  Re- 
venge ;  and  we  may  assume  the 
greater  part  of  his  crew  be- 
longed to  this  place  : 

But  Sir  Richard  bore  in  hand  all  his  sick  men 

from  the  land 
Very  carefully  and  slow, 
Men  of  Bideford  in  Devon. 

Here  Kingsley  wrote  part  of 
his  Westward  Ho  ! 

The  Revenge. 
BILLY. 

Name  of  a  horse. 

Village  Wife. 

BILLY-ROUGH-UN. 

Name  of  a  horse. 

Village  Wife. 

BINDWEED-BELL. 

=the  convolvulus,  a  genus 
of  plants  so-called  from  their 
twining  or  binding,  with  showy 
bell-like  flowers. 

The  Brook. 
BIRCH. 

A  tree  of  several  species. 
Prologue  to  General  Hamley. 

BIRK. 

= Birch. 
A  Dirge  ;  Progress  of  Spring. 

BISCAY. 

A  bay  between  the  west  coast 


of  France  and  the  north  coast 
of  Spain.  Navigation  is  much 
impeded  by  the  heavy  seas 
produced  by  the  north-west 
winds. 

Enoch  Arden. 

BITHYNIA. 

A  country  in  the  north-west 
of  Asia  Minor,  its  inhabitants 
being  of  Thracian  origin.  In 
the  seventh  and  sixth  cen- 
turies B.C.  it  was  part  of  the 
kingdom  of  Lydia,  and  after- 
wards became  a  part  of  the 
Persian  empire  under  Cyrus. 
During  the  decline  of  the 
Persian  empire  it  became  an 
independent  kingdom  under 
a  dynasty  of  native  princes, 
which  lasted  until  74  B.C., 
when  Nicomedes  III  bequeathed 
it  after  his  death  to  the  Romans 
and  it  became  a  province  of  the 
empire. 

The  Cup. 

BLAISE  (Saint). 

Bishop  of  Sebaste,  Cappa- 
docia,  suffered  martyrdom,  316. 
In  1070  a  chapel  in  the  north 
transept  of  Canterbury  Cathe- 
dral was  dedicated  to  St.  Blaise 
which  stood  intact  until  1379, 
when,  in  the  course  of  rebuilding 
the  nave  the  chapel  was  done 
away  with.  The  staircase  and 
passage  leading  to  it  is  however 
preserved  in  the  existing  wall 

To  the  crypt  ?  no — no, 
To  the  chapel  of  St.  Blaise  beneath  the  roof  ! 

Becket. 
BLACK. 

An  inland  sea  bounded  by 
Russia,  Asia  Minor  and  Euro- 


BLA] 


79 


[BLU 


pean     Turkey,     Bulgaria      and 
Roumania. 

Maud. 
BLACK  BESS. 

Name  of  a  horse. 

The  Brook. 
BLACKBIRD. 

A  species  of  thrush,  a  well- 
known  singing  bird. 

The     Blackbird ;      Audley 
Court ;  Early  Spring. 

BLACKCAP. 

A  small  European   bird,  so- 
called  from  its  black  crown. 

Progress  of  Spring. 

BLACKTHORN. 

A  dark-coloured  thorn ;    the 
sloe. 

May  Queen. 
BLANCHE. 

Lady  Blanche,  mother  of 
Melissa,  and  a  widow.  She  was 
a  woman  of  narrow  and  jealous 
disposition.  Was  engaged  by 
the  princess  Ida  in  the  college 
founded  by  the  princess  for 
women.  She  regarded  the  in- 
stitution as  a  means  for  ignoble 
self-aggrandisement,  and  was 
willing  to  desert  it  when  she 
conceived  that  her  end  might  be 
more  effectively  secured  else- 
where. Envious,  self-centred, 
treacherous,  she  lacked  even  the 
redeeming  feature  of  love  for 
her  child  or  respect  for  the 
memory  of  her  dead  husband. 
The  Princess. 

BLESSED  ISLES. 

Row  to  the  blessed  Isles !    the  blessed  Isles ! 
Sinnatus ! 

Name  given  to   the   Canary 


Islands  off  the  coast  of  north- 
west Africa. 

The  Cup. 

BLEYS. 

The  historian  of  Arthur's 
court.  Malory  tells  us  how 
Merlin,  after  Arthur's  great 
battle  against  the  kings, '  he  took 
leave  of  Arthur  and  of  the  two 
kings,  for  to  go  and  see  his 
master  Bleise  that  dwelt  in 
Northumberland.  Merlin  gave 
Bleise  an  account  of  the  fight, 
and  so  Bleise  wrote  the  battle, 
word  by  word,  as  Merlin  told 
him.  ...  All  the  battles  that 
was  done  in  Arthur's  days  Mer- 
lin did  his  master  Bleise  do 
write.' 

andfone 
Is  Merlin's  master  (so  the}'  call  him)  Bleys, 
Who  taught  him  magic ;  but  the  scholar  ran 
Before  the  master,  and  so  far,  that  Bleys 
Laid  magic  by,  and  sat  him  down  and  wrote 
All  things  and  whatsoever  Merlin  did 
In  one  great  annal-book,  where  after-years 
Will  learn  the  secret  of  our  Arthur's  birth.' 

Coming  of  Arthur. 
BLIND  FATE. 

Tho'  Sin  too  oft,  when  smitten  by  Thy  rod, 
Rail   at  '  Blind   Fate '    with   many   a   vain 
'Alas!' 

Has  reference  to  a  man  who, 
for  his  evil  deeds,  and  his  viola- 
tion of  the  Divine  Law,  is 
overtaken  by  God's  judgments, 
but  refuses  to  see  in  them  any- 
thing more  than  the  operation  of 
'  Blind  Fate.' 

Doubt  and  Prayer. 

BLUEBELL. 

A  plant  which  bears  blue  bell- 
shaped  flowers. 

A  Dirge  ;  Adeline  ;  Last 
Tournament ;  Becket ;  Pro- 
mise of  May. 


BLU] 


80 


[BOM 


BLUEBOTTLE. 

A  plant  which  grows  in  grain 
fields,  so  called  from  its  blue 
bottle-shaped  flowers. 

Promise  of  May. 

BOADICEA. 

Queen  of  the  Iceni  in  Britain 
who  inhabited  Norfolk  and  Suf- 
folk. Being  treated  with  in- 
dignity by  the  Romans,  she — 
during  the  absence  of  the  Ro- 
man governor  in  Anglesey — 
assembled  an  army,  captured 
and  burnt  the  Roman  colonies 
of  London,  Colchester,  and 
Verulam  and  slew  70,000  Ro- 
mans. Upon  his  return  Sue- 
tonius Paulinus  attacked  and 
defeated  her  and  in  despair  she 
poisoned  herself,  a.d.  61.  This 
victory  secured  the  Roman 
dominion  in  Britain.  Cowper 
makes  her  the  subject  of  one  of 
his  poems. 

She,  with  all  a  monarch's  pride, 
Felt  them  in  her  bosom  glow, 

Rushed  to  battle,  fought  and  died, 
Dying,  hurled  them  at  the  foe. 

Cowper :  Boadicea,  37-40. 

Boadicea. 

BOANERGES. 

A  declamatory  parson,  who 
consigns  to  perdition  all  except 
his  own  followers. 

Our  Boanerges  with  his  threats  of  doom, 
And  loud-!ung'd  Antibabylonianisms. 

Sea  Dreams. 

BOAR. 

=the  wild  boar. 
Coming  of  Arthur  ;    Gareth 
and  Lynette  ;  The  Foresters. 

BOAZ. 

A  brass  pillar,  signifying 
strength,    at    the    entrance    to 


Solomon's    Temple,     i     Kings 
vii.  21. 

I  f  have     built    the     Lord     a    house — sing, 

Asaph  !  clash 
The    cymbal,    Heman !    blow    the    trumpet, 

priest ! 
Fall,    cloud,    and    fill    the    house — lo !    my 

two  pillars 
Jachin  and  Boaz  ! — 

Harold. 
BOBOLI. 

At  Florence  too  what  golden  hours, 
In  those  long  galleries,  were  ours  ; 

What  drives  about  the  fresh  Cascine, 
Or  walks  in  Boboli's  ducal  bowers. 

Giardino  di  Boboli,  a  garden 
behind  the  Pitti  Palace,  Flor- 
ence. The  walks,  bordered 
with  evergreens,  attract  crowds 
of  pleasure-seekers. 

The  Daisy. 
BOGGLE. 

=a  ghost. 

Northern  Farmer,  Old  Style. 

BOLEYN. 

Second  queen  of  Henry  VIII, 
and  mother  of  Elizabeth.  After 
a  three  years'  residence  at  the 
French  court  became  maid- 
of-honour  to  queen  Catherine  ; 
attracted  the  admiration  of 
Henry,  and  the  king  having 
instituted  proceedings  with  a 
view  of  his  divorce  from  Cather- 
ine of  Aragon  married  her 
secretly  on  January  3,  1533  ; 
charged  with  adultery  and  con- 
spiracy she  was  condemned  to 
death  and  beheaded  on  Tower 
Hill,  1536  (1507-1536). 

Queen  Mary. 

BOLINGBROKE       (Harry).     See 
Harry  Bolingbroke. 

BONNER  (Edmund). 

Bishop    of    London.     Chap- 


BON] 


81 


[BOS 


lain  to  cardinal  Wolsey  1539; 
appeared  before  the  pope  at 
Marseilles  in  1 533  to  appeal 
for  the  excommunication  of 
Henry  VIII ;  appointed  to  the 
living  of  East  Dereham,  1534; 
bishop  of  Hereford  and  am- 
bassador to  the  French  court, 
1538.  In  1540  he  was  made 
bishop  of  London ;  and  was 
appointed  ambassador  to  the 
emperor,  1542 ;  fell  into  dis- 
grace under  Edward  VI,  who 
imprisoned  him  in  Fleet ;  repri- 
manded for  neglecting  to  en- 
force use  of  the  new  prayer 
book,  and  imprisoned  at  Mar- 
shalsea,  1540-53  ;  deprived  of 
his  bishoprick ;  restored  on 
the  accession  of  Mary,  1553  ; 
refused  to  take  the  oath  of 
supremacy  under  Elizabeth  and 
was  again  imprisoned  in  the 
Marshalsea  where  he  died  (1500- 
1569). 

Queen  Mary. 

BONNY  DOON. 

where  the  waters  marry — crost, 
Whistling  a  random  bar  of  Bonny  Doon, 

Air  or  tune  to  which  the  song 
of  The  Banks  0'  Doon  is  sung. 
The  song  is  by  Robert  Burns, 
and  begins : 

Ye  banks  and  braes  o'  bonnie  Doon, 
How  can  ye  bloom  sae  fresh  and  fair, 

Doon  is  the  name  of  a  river  in 
Ayrshire. 

The  Brook. 

BOOR-TREE 

= Elder-tree. 

Tomorrow. 
BORS. 

A    Knight    of    the    Round 


Table,  called  sir  Bors  de  Ganis> 
brother  of  sir  Lionel  and 
nephew  of  sir  Lancelot.  He 
was  \  a  square-set  man  and 
honest ; '  and  represented  those 
who  have  sinned  and  effectually 
repented.  When  sir  Bors  went 
to  the  castle  of  Corbin  and  saw 
Galahad,  the  son  of  Lancelot 
and  Elaine,  he  '  wept  for  joy, 
and  he  prayed  to  God  it  might 
prove  as  good  a  knight  as  his 
father  was,'  and  forthwith  the 
Holy  Grail  appeared  unto  him  : 

And  so  came  in  a  white  dove,  and  she  bare 
a  little  censer  of  gold  in  her  mouth,  and  there 
was  all  manner  of  meats  and  drinks,  and  a 
maiden  bare  that  Sancgreal,  and  she  said 
openly,  Wit  you  well  Sir  Bors  that  this  child 
is  Galahad,  that  shall  sit  in  the  siege  perilous, 
and  achieve  the  Sancgreal,  and  he  shall  be 
much  better  than  ever  was  Sir  Launcelot  du 
Lake,  that  is  his  own  father.  And  then  they 
kneeled  down  and  made  their  devotions.  .  .  . 
And  then  the  dove  took  her  flight,  and  the 
maiden  vanished  with  the  Sancgreal  as  [sh 
came.  «H| ' 

Malory  :  Morte  <T  Arthur,  Book  XI.  chap,  iv 

Sir  Bors  accompanied  sir 
Galahad  and  sir  Percivale  in 
the  quest  of  the  Holy  Grail, 
and  was  present  when  it  ap- 
peared. After  the  death  of 
Galahad,  sir  Bors  departed 
with  sir  Lancelot  from  Cardiff 
and  sailed  to  Benwick,  and  was 
crowned  king  of  all  king  Claudus* 
lands. 

Holy  Grail. 
BOS. 

when  the  long  wave  broke 
All  down  the  thundering  shores  of  Bude  and 
Bos, 

Represents  the  rocky  coast 
of  Cornwall.  Bos,  now  called 
Boscastle,  is  a  village  near 
Tintagil  Head. 

Guinevere. 
BOSHAM. 

A  seaport  in  Sussex.     It  was 
G 


BOU] 


82 


[BOV 


for  some  time  the  residence  of 
king  Harold,  and  the  place 
from  which  he  started  on  his 
journey  to  Normandy.  In  the 
church  is  the  tomb  of  Bosham, 
secretary  to  Thomas  Becket. 
King  Canute  built  a  castle 
here,  and  his  daughter  lies 
buried  in  the  church. 

Harold ;    Becket. 

BOUNTEOUS    ISLE.     See    Mael- 
dune. 

BOURNE  (Gilbert). 

Son  of  Philip  Bourne  and 
brother  of  sir  John  Bourne, 
Secretary  of  State  in  the  time 
of  Mary.  In  1531  we  find  him 
Fellow  of  All  Souls'  College, 
Oxford,  and  ten  years'  later 
was  made  prebendary  of  Wor- 
cester and  of  St.  Paul's.  In 
the  meantime  he  had  become 
chaplain  to  bishop  Bonner,  and 
was  in  1553  sent  to  preach  at 
Paul's  Cross ;  and  denouncing 
Edward  VI  for  having  im- 
prisoned Bonner  in  the  Mar- 
shalsea,  the  crowd  became  so 
exasperated  that  a  dagger  was 
hurled  at  him,  and  had  it  not 
been  for  the  interference  of 
Courtenay,  earl  of  Devon, 
would  have  undoubtedly  paid 
for  his  rashness  with  his  life. 

Son  Courtenay,  wilt  thou  see  the  holy  father 
Murdered  before  thy  face  ?  up,  son,  and  save 

him ! 
They  love  thee,  and  thou  canst  not  come  to 

harm. 

In  1553  he  was  created  bishop 
of  Bath  and  Wells,  and  soon 
afterwards  was  made  president 
of  Wales,  but  in  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth  was  deprived   (1559) 


for  refusing  to  take  the  oath  of 
supremacy,  and  was  committed 
to  the  Tower  ;  afterwards  being 
committed  to  '  free  custody.' 
He  died  at  Silverton,  Devon- 
shire, 1569. 

Queen  Mary. 

BOVADILLA  (Franciso  de). 

An  official  of  the  royal  house- 
hold of  Ferdinand  and  Isa- 
bella ;  appointed  Commissioner 
to  investigate  the  state  of 
affairs  that  existed  in  the  island 
of  Hispaniola  under  the  vice- 
regency  of  Christopher  Colum- 
bus. Armed  with  authority  to 
take  complete  possession  of  the 
island  he  sailed  from  Spain  in 
July  1500,  and  entered  the 
harbour  of  San  Domingo  on 
August  23  of  the  same  year. 
Landing  on  the  following  day 
he  demanded  from  James  Col- 
umbus— brother  of  the  naviga- 
tor, who  was  left  in  command 
during  Christopher's  absence 
in  Vega  Real — the  release  of 
all  the  prisoners  in  the  fortress, 
and  upon  James  refusing  took 
the  fortress  by  storm.  He  then 
occupied  Columbus'  house  and 
seized  all  his  public  and  private 
papers.  Hearing  of  Bovadilla's 
arrival,  Columbus  set  out  for 
San  Domingo,  and  upon  his 
arrival  was — with  his  brothers 
James  and  Bartholomew — 
arrested,  placed  in  chains  and 
sent  home  to  Spain,  Bovadilla 
remaining  in  command  of  the 
island.  He  however  tailed  to 
reduce  the  colony  to  order,  and 


BOX] 

in  1 501  was  superseded  by 
Nicholas  de  Ovando.  Upon 
the  latter's  arrival  in  the  island, 
Bovadilla  embarked  for  Spain, 
but  encountering  a  hurricane 
immediately  upon  leaving  the 
shore  was  shipwrecked  and 
consequently  lost  his  life. 

Columbus. 
BOX. 

A  tree  or  shrub  remarkable 
for  the  hardness  and  smoothness 
of  its  wood. 

A  Spirit  haunts. 

BRAMBLE. 

A  prickly  shrub. 

Holy    Grail;    Pelleas    and 
Ettarre. 
BRANDAGORAS. 

King  of  Latangor,  subdued 
by  king  Arthur,  fighting  on 
behalf  of  Leodogran,  king  of 
Cameliard. 

Coming  of  Arthur. 

BRAST1AS. 

A  Knight  of  the  Round 
Table  :  one  of  the  three  knights 
sent  by  king  Arthur  to  king 
Leodogran  to  ask  for  the  hand 
of  his  daughter  Guinevere. 
Brastias  became  a  hermit  and 
retired  to  a  hermitage  in  the 
forest  of  Windsor,  where  he 
was  visited  by  sir  Lancelot 
when  the  latter  was  com- 
manded by  Guinevere  to  avoid 
the  court. 

Coming  of  Arthur. 

BRENDAN. 

An  Irish  saint  of  the  sixth 
century.  He  lived  an  ascetic 
life   and  was   Abbot   over    100 


83  [BRI 

monks.  Said  to  have  visited 
certain  islands  in  the  eastern 
ocean  where  he — with  his  Irish 
monks — preached. 

And  we  came  to  the  Isle  of  a  Saint  who  had 
sail'd  with  St.  Brendan  of  yore. 

The  islands  of  St.  Brendan  are 
supposed  to  be  to  the  west  of 
the  Canary  Islands.  Brendan 
visited  St.  Columbia  at  Iona 
in  563.  He  is  the  hero  of  the 
Navigation  of  St.  Brendan,  a 
popular  tale  of  the  mediaeval 
ages. 

Voyage  of  Maeldune. 

BRETON  (Brittany). 

Maud  ;  Merlin  and  Vivien  ; 
Last  Tournament. 

BRETT  (Captain). 

Joined  sir  Thomas  Wyatt  in 
insurrection  to  prevent  the 
marriage  of  Mary  with  Philip 
of  Spain,  and  was  in  charge 
of  the  London  deserters ;  taken 
prisoner  by  sir  Maurice  Berke- 
ley at  Temple  Bar,  and  executed. 
Queen  Mary. 
BRIAR. 

=Brier. 

Day-Dream  ;  Promise  of  May. 

BRIER. 

A  plant  with  a  stem  bearing 
prickles. 

Buonaparte ;  You  might 
have  won  ;  The  Princess  ; 
The  Window  ;  Last  Tourna- 
ment ;   Lover's  Tale. 

BRIGADE,    Heavy.    See    Heavy 
Brigade. 

BRIGADE      Light.      See      Light 
Brigade. 


BRI1  84 

BRIGADE,  Scarlett's.      See  Scar- 
lett's Brigade. 
BRIONY. 

On  a  sudden  a  low  breath 
Of  tender  air  made  tremble  in  the  hedge 
The  fragile  bindweed- bells  and  briony  rings ; 
And  he  look'd  up. 

A  wild  climbing  plant  com- 
mon in  English  hedgerows ;  its 
rings  are  its  spiral  tendrils. 

Talking  Oak  ;  The  Brook. 

BRITAIN. 

You  ask  me  why ;  The 
Princess;  Third  of  Febru- 
ary ;  A  Welcome  to  Her 
Royal  Highness  Marie 
Alexandrovna  ;  Boddicea  ; 
Maud  ;  Coming  of  Arthur  ; 
Marriage  of  Geraint ;  Balin 
and  Balan ;  Lancelot  and 
Elaine  ;  Last  Tournament  ; 
Guinevere ;  To  the  Queen, 
II ;  Defence  of  Lucknow  ; 
Sir  John  Oldcastle,  Lord 
Cobham  ;  Battle  of  Brunan- 
burh  ;  Opening  of  the  Indian 
and  Colonial  Exhibition ; 
To  Marquis  of  Dufferin  and 
Ava;  Harold;  Queen  Mary. 

BRITO    (Richard    de).    See    De 
Brito. 

BRITTANY. 

The  north-western  peninsula 
of  France.  It  was  conquered 
by  the  Romans  in  57-56  B.C., 
and  in  the  fifth  and  sixth  cen- 
turies was  invined  and  chris- 
tianized from  England  and  Ire- 
land. From  the  end  of  the 
tenth  to  the  middle  of  the 
fifteenth  centuries  it  was  inde- 
pendent of  the  French  king, 
being  governed   by  dukes,   but 


[BRO 


in  1532  was  united  to  the  French 
crown. 

Last  Tournament ;  Harold  ; 
The  Foresters. 

BROC.     See  De  Broc. 

BROCELIANDE. 

A  forest  supposed  to  have  been 
Brittany.  At  one  end  of  the 
forest  stands  the  fountain  of 
Baranton,  and  near  by  is  the 
tomb  of  Merlin  surmounted 
by  a  cross  of  wood.  From  the 
fountain  flows  a  mineral  spring, 
which  bubbles  up  when  a  piece 
of  iron  or  copper  is  thrown 
into  it. 

And  chased  the  flashes  of  his  golden  horns 
Until  they  vanish'd  by  the  fairy  well 
That  laughs  at  iron — as  our  warriors  did — 
Where  children  cast  their  pins  and  nails,  and 
crv,  ,  . 

'  Laugh,  little  well,'  but  touch  it  with  a  sword, 
It  buzzes  fiercely  round  the  point ; 

Merlin  and  Vivien. 
BROOKS. 

William  Henry  Brookfield, 
son  of  Charles  Brookfield,  a 
Sheffield  solicitor.  Curate  of 
Maltby  (1834),  St.  James', 
Piccadilly,  London  (1840),  and 
St.  Luke's,  Berwick  Street 
(1841)  ;  chaplain-in-ordinary  to 
queen  Victoria  (i860).  Whilst 
at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 
made  the  acquaintance  of 
Tennyson,  who  in  1875  wrote 
for  Lord  Lyttelton's  preface  to 
Sermons  by  the  late  Rev.  Wil- 
liam Henry  Brookfield,  the 
following  : 

Old  Brooks,  who  loved  so  well  to  mouth  my 

rhymes,  .     ., 

How  oft  we  two  have  heard  St.  Mary  s  chimes  ! 
How  oft  the  Cantab  supper,  host  and  guest. 
Would  echo  helpless  laughter  to  your  jest ! 
How  oft  with  him  we  paced  that  walk  of  limes. 
Him,  the  lost  sight  of  those  dawn-golden  times. 
Life  of  Tennyson. 

To  Rev.  W.  H.  Brookfield. 


BRU] 


85 


[BUL 


BRUNANBURH. 

The  scene  of  a  bloody  battle 
in  937,  where  Athelstan  (q.v.) 
and  his  brother  Edmund  Athel- 
ing  (q-v)  gained  a  decisive 
victory  over  Anlaf  the  Dane, 
Constantine  of  Scotland,  and 
the  Northumbrian  Danes, 
which  victory  practically  estab- 
lished the  unity  of  England. 
The  site  of  the  battle  is  uncer- 
tain, but  it  has  been  variously 
located  in  Northumberland, 
Dumfriesshire,  Lancashire  and 
Yorkshire. 
Battle  of  Brunanburh  ;  Harold. 

BRUNELLESCHI. 

A  famous  Italian  architect, 
born  at  Florence.  He  built 
the  Pitti  Palace,  the  churches 
of  San  Lorenzo,  and  Spirito 
Santo,  as  well  as  the  Duomo 
of  the  Cathedral,  the  latter 
being  his  principal  title  to  fame. 

My  dearest  brother,  Edmund,  sleeps, 
Not  by   the  well-known  stream   and  rustic 

spire, 
But  unfamiliar  Arno,  and  the  dome 
Of  Brunelleschi  : 

The  Brook. 
BRUSSELS. 

The  capital  of  Belgium. 

Queen  Mary. 

BRUTUS    (Lucius    Junius).    See 
Lucius  Junius  Brutus. 

BUBLIN'. 

=a  young  unfledged  bird. 
Owd  Rod. 

BUCKINGHAM. 

Edward  Stafford,  third  duke 
of  Buckingham,  eldest  son  of 
Henry  Stafford,  second  duke. 
On  April  16,  1521,  he  was  com- 


mitted to  the  Tower  for  treason, 
and  on  May  13  was  tried  by 
seventeen  peers,  presided  over 
by  the  duke  of  Norfolk ;  con- 
demned and  executed  on  Tower 
Hill  on  the  17th  of  the  same 
month,  his  body  being  buried 
in  the  church  of  the  Austin 
Friars  (1478-1521). 

Queen  Mary. 
BUDE. 

when  the  long  wave  broke 
All  down  the  thundering  shores  of  Bude  and 
Bos, 

The  rocky  coast  of  Cornwall. 
Bude   is   a   small   port   on   the 
north  coast  of  that  county. 
Guinevere. 

BULBUL. 

A  Persian  word  much  used  in 
Persian  poetry.  Though  there 
is  much  dispute  as  to  the  bird 
to  which  it  refers,  it  is  generally 
considered  to  be  the  nightingale. 

The  living  airs  of  middle  night 
Died  round  the  bulbul  as  he  sung ; 

Recollections  of  the  Arabian 
Nights  ;    The  Princess. 

BULL. 

An  inn  sign. 

The  Bull,  the  Fleece  are  cramm'd,  and  not  a 
room 


For  love  or  money. 


Audley  Court. 


BULL  (Edward). 
A  curate. 

Edwin  Morris. 

BULLINGHAM  (tficholas). 

Fellow  of  All  Souls'  College, 
Oxford,  1536;  chaplain  to 
archbishop  Cranmer ;  preben- 
dary of  Lincoln,  1547 ;  and 
rector  of  Thimbleby,  1551  ; 
deprived  on   account   of   being 


BUR] 


86 


[CAD 


married  in  1553,  and  on  the 
outbreak  of  the  Marian  per- 
secution fled  to  Germany.  In 
the  reign  of  Elizabeth  he  re- 
turned, was  appointed  to  the 
vacant  See  of  Lincoln  rendered 
vacant  by  the  deprivation  of 
bishop  Watson,  and  was  one 
of  the  bishops  appointed  to 
draw  up  the  Articles.  In  1571 
he  was  translated  to  Worcester, 
and  appointed  one  of  the  Com- 
missioners for  the  enforcement 
of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer. 
He  died  in  1576  and  was  buried 
in  the  chapel  at  Worcester 
cathedral.  On  his  tomb  ap- 
pears the  following  epitaph  : 

Here  born,  here  bishop,  buried  here, 

A  Bullyngham  by  name  and  stock, 
A  man  twice  married  in  God's  fear, 

Chief  pastor,  late  of  Lincolne  flock, 
Whom  Oxford  trained  up  in  youth, 

Whom  Cambridge  doctor  did  create, 
A  painful  preacher  of  the  truth, 

Who  changed  this  life  for  happy  fate 
18  April,  1576. 
Dictionary  of  National  Biography t 

Queen  Mary. 
BURDOCK. 

A  broad-leaved,  prickly  plant. 
Holy  Grail. 

BURGUNDY. 

An  old  duchy  of  France. 

Harold. 
BURLEIGH. 

Deeply  mourn'd  the  Lord  of  Burleigh, 
Burleigh-house  by  Stamford-town. 

Lord  of  Burleigh. 

BURLEIGH-HOUSE. 

1  Burleigh-house  by  Stam- 
ford-town '  is  the  county  resi- 
dence of  the  marquis  of  Exeter, 
the  descendant  of  the  famous 
Cecil,  lord  Burleigh,  who  was 
Secretary  of  State  to  queen 
Elizabeth.     In    the    Civil   War 


it  was  taken  by  the  Parliamen- 
tarians. 

Lord  of  Burleigh. 

BUTTER-BUMP. 

=Bittern,  a  bird  of  the  heron 
family. 

Northern  Farmer,  Old  Style. 

BUTTERFLY. 

The  name  of  an  extensive 
group  of  beautiful  winged  in- 
sects. 

Adeline  ;     Talking     Oak ; 

Queen   Mary ;    Promise   of 

May. 

BUZZARD. 

A  rapacious  bird  of  prey  of 
the  falcon  family. 

Queen  Mary. 

BUZZARD-CLOCK. 

= Cockchafer,  a  beetle,  called 
also  the  May-bug. 
Northern  Farmer,  Old  Style. 

CADE  (Jack). 

And  Thomas  White  will  prove  this  Thomas 

Wyatt, 
And  he  will  prove  an  Iden  to  this  Cade. 

An  Irish  adventurer,  and  the 
leader  of  an  insurrection  in 
Kent  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VI 
(1450),  against  the  oppressive 
taxation  of  the  government. 
With  a  force  of  15,000  men 
marched  on  London,  and  en- 
camped at  Blackheath ;  and 
defeating  the  royal  army  sent 
against  him  entered  London 
on  July  2,  1450.  The  citizens 
however  retaliated  and  a 
struggle  took  place  between 
them  and  Cade  on  the  night  of 
July    5.      As    a    result    terms 


CAD]  87 

were  arranged,  and  the  Kentish 
men  retired  from  the  city.  A 
price  being  set  upon  Cade's 
head,  he  attempted  to  reach 
the  coast,  but  was  pursued  by 
a  Kentish  squire  named  Alex- 
ander Iden  (q-v-),  who  fought 
and  killed  him  in  a  garden  at 
Heathfield  in  Sussex,  for  which 
service  he  was  knighted. 

King  Henry.    The  head   of  Cade  ! — Great 
God,  how  just  art  thou  ! — 
O,  let  me  view  his  visage,  being  dead. 

•  »  » 

King  Henry.    How  art  thou  call'd  ?  and 

what  is  thy  degree  ? 
Iden.     Alexander   Iden,   that's  my  name ; 
A  poor  esquire  of  Kent,  that  loves  his  king. 

King  Henry.     Iden,  kneel  down. 

Rise  up  a  knight. 
Shakespeare  :    2  King  Henry  VI. 

ActV.  Scene  i. 

On  the  side  of  the  road  oppo- 
site the  garden  where  he  was 
killed  stands  a  monumental 
stone  bearing  the  following 
inscription  : 

Near  this  spot  was  slain  the  notorious  Rebel 

Jack  Cade 

By  Alexander  Iden,  Sheriff  of  Kent,  a.d.  1450. 

His  body  was  carried  to  London,  and  his  head 

fixed  on  London  Bridge. 

This  is  the  success  of  all  rebels, 

And  this  fortune  chanceth  ever  to  traitors. 

Queen  Mary. 

CADMEAN. 

A  citadel  of  Thebes,  built  by 
Cadmus  (q.v.),  son  of  Agenor, 
king  of  Phoenicia. 

Lucretius. 
CADMUS. 

In  Greek  mythology  son  of 
Agenor,  king  of  Phoenicia  by 
Telephassa  or  Agriope.  Was 
ordered  by  his  father  to  go  in 
quest  of  his  sister  Europa 
whom  Jupiter  carried  away, 
and  he  was  never  to  return  to 
Phoenicia  if  he  did  not  bring 
her  back.     His  search  proving 


[CAE 

fruitless,  he  consulted  the  Del- 
phic oracle,  who  ordered  him 
to  build  the  Cadmean,  after- 
wards the  citadel  of  Thebes. 
Here  he  killed  a  dragon  which 
guarded  the  well  of  Ares,  and 
sowed  its  teeth  which  sprang 
up  as  armed  men,  who  imme- 
diately fought  and  slew  each 
other,  except  five.  For  this 
act  Cadmus  made  reparation 
to  Ares  for  a  period  of  eight 
years. 

The  great  God,  ArSs,  burns  in  anger  still 
Against  the  guiltless  heirs  of  him  from  Tyre, 
Our  Cadmus,  out  of  whom  thou  art,  who  found 
Beside  the  springs  of  DircS,  smote,  and  still'd 
Thro'  all  its  folds  the  multitudinous  beast 
The  dragon, 

Afterwards  he  married  Her- 
mione,  the  mother  of  Venus, 
and  both  of  them  being  changed 
into  serpents  by  Zeus  were 
removed  to  Elysium.  Cadmus 
was  the  first  to  introduce  the 
alphabet  into  Greece. 

Tiresias. 

CAER-ERYRI. 

=Snowdon.  The  latter  part 
of  the  word  means  '  eagle's 
nest.' 

Or  if  some  other  told 
How  once  the  wandering  forester  at  dawn, 
Far  over  the  blue  tarns  and  hazy  seas, 
On  Caer-Eryri's  highest  found  the  King, 

Gareth  and  Lynette. 

CAERLEON. 

An  ancient  town  in  Mon- 
mouthshire on  the  river  Usk. 
The  name  Caerleon-upon-Usk 
distinguished  it  from  Chester, 
which  was  Caerleon-on-Dee. 
This  '  City  of  Legions '  with 
its  golden  domes  and  magnifi- 
cent churches,  and  its  gorgeous 
palace,  with  its  giant  tower 


CAE] 


88 


[CAL 


from  whose  high  crest,  they  say, 
Men  saw  the  goodly  hills  of  Somerset, 
And  white  sails  flying  on  the  yellow  sea ; 

is  supposed  to  have  equalled 
Rome  in  splendour.  It  was  one 
of  the  principal  residences  of 
king  Arthur,  where  he  lived 
in  splendid  state,  surrounded 
by  his  knights,  and  where  he 
held  his  court. 

For  Arthur  on  the  Whitsuntide  before 
Held  court  at  old  Caerleon  upon  Usk. 

King    Arthur's    ninth    great 

battle   against   the    Saxons   was 

fought    here.     Roman    remains 

have  been  found,  as  walls,  bath, 

and   an   amphitheatre   (16  feet 

high  and  222  by  192  feet)  called 

king    Arthur's    Round    Table. 

Marriage  of  Geraint ;    Ger- 

aint  and  Enid  ;    Balin  and 

Balan ;        Lancelot        and 

Elaine  ;  Merlin  and  Vivien  ; 

Pelleas  and  Ettarre. 

CAERLYLE. 

The  city  of  Carlisle  in  Cum- 
berland. 

Lancelot  and  Elaine. 
CJESAR. 

nor  tame  and  tutor  with  mine  eye 
That  dull  cold-blooded  Caesar. 

Octavian     Augustus      Caesar, 
the  adopted  son  of  Julius  Caesar. 
Dream  of  Fair  Women. 

C/ESAR. 

And  King  Leodogran 
Groan'd  for  the  Roman  legions  here  again, 
And  Caesar's  eagle  : 


Coming  of  Arthur. 


<OrESAR. 


And  sweeter  than  the  bride  of  Cassivelaun, 
Flur,  for  whose  love  the  Roman  Caesar  first 
Invaded  Britain,   But  we  beat  him  back,  t 

=Julius  Caesar. 

Marriage  of  Geraint. 


CJESAR. 

Rome  of  Caesar,  Rome  of  Peter,  which  was 
crueller  ? 

Locksley  Hall  Sixty  Tears  After. 
CJESAR. 

Now  thy  Forum  roars  no  longer, 
Fallen  every  purple  Caesar's  dome — 


CJESAR. 


To  Virgil. 


Lightning  may  shrivel  the  laurel  of  Caesar, 
but  mine  would  not  wither. 


Parnassus. 


CiESAR. 


Of  '  Render   unto   Caesar.'  . 

Shepherd ! 
Take  this,  and  render  that. 


The   Good 


Harold. 


CAIAPHAS-ARUNDEL. 

These  Pharisees,  this  Caiaphas-Arundel, 
What  miracle  could  turn  ? 

Has  reference  to  archbishop 
Arundel,  who  examined  and 
condemned  to  death  sir  John 
Oldcastle. 

Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cob  ham. 
CAIN. 

Maud  ;   Forlorn  ;    Happy  ; 
Becket ;    Queen  Mary. 

CALABER  (Quintus).    See  Quin- 
tus  Calaber. 

CALAIS. 

A  French  seaport  on  the 
straits  of  Dover.  It  was  cap- 
tured by  Edward  III  in  1347 
after  a  heroic  defence,  and  re- 
mained under  the  English  crown 
until  the  time  of  Mary  (1558), 
when  it  was  taken  by  the  duke 
of  Guise.  It  was  the  last  town 
held  by  the  English  on  French 
soil,  and  its  loss  was  a  blow  to 
the  English  nation,  queen  Mary 
declaring    that    on    her    death 


CAL] 


89 


[CAM 


'  Calais '  would  be  found  written 
on  her  heart. 

Queen  Mary. 

CALIPH  AT. 

The  government  or  empire 
of  the  Caliphs. 

Recollections  of  the  Arabian 
Nights. 
CALIXTUS. 

The  first  pope  of  Rome  ; 
elected  219  a.d.  and  martyred 
223  a.d.  He  is  known  as  the 
constructor  of  the  celebrated 
catacombs  on  the  Appian  Way 
at  Rome. 

Harold. 
CALLIOPE. 

A  daughter  of  Jupiter  and 
Mnemosyne,  and  the  first  and 
noblest  of  the  nine  Muses  (q.v.). 
She  is  represented  as  presid- 
ing over  epic  poetry  and  elo- 
quence. Her  attributes  are  a 
tablet  and  stylus ;  sometimes  a 
scroll. 

Rather,  O  ye  Gods, 
Poet-like,  as  the  great  Sicilian  called 
Calliope  to  grace  his  golden  verse — 

Lucretius. 
CALPE. 

The  rock  of  Gibraltar,  and 
one  of  the  pillars  of  Hercules — 
the  other  being  Abyla.  It  is 
supposed  these  two  were  origin- 
ally one  mountain,  but  Hercules 
tore  them  asunder  and  the  sea 
poured  between  them. 

Last  with  wide  arms  the  solid  earth  He  tears, 
Piles  rock  on  rock,  no  mountain  mountain 

rears; 
Heaves  up  huge  Abyla  on  Afric's  sand, 
CrownsTwith  him  Calpe  Europe's  salient  strand, 
Crests  with  opposing  towers  the  splendid  scene, 
And  pours  from  urns  immense  the  sea  be- 
tween, 

Darwin  :    Botanic  Garden  :   Part  I.    Econ- 
omy of  Vegetation. 

The  Poet. 


CAMA. 

In  Hindu  mythology  the  god 
of  love  and  marriage,  repre- 
sented as  riding  across  the  sky 
on  the  back  of  a  parrot  accom- 
panied by  the  cuckoo  and  the 
humming-bee. 

Or  over  hills  with  peaky  tops  engrail'd, 
And  many  a  tract  of  palm  and  rice, 

The  throne  of  Indian  Cama  slowly  s  ail'd 
A  summer  fann'd  with  spice. 

Palace  of  Art. 
CAMBALU. 

The  mediaeval  name  of  Pekin, 
the  city  of  the  Great  Khan. 

His  eye  might  there  command  wherever  stood 
City  of  old  or  modern  fame,  the  seat 
Of  mightiest  empire,  from  the  destined  walls 
Of  Cambalu,  seat  of  Cathaian  Can, 

Milton  :  Paradise  Lost,  xi.  385-388. 

Columbus. 
CAMBRIDGE. 

The  capital  of  Cambridgeshire, 
and  the  seat  of  one  of  the  Eng- 
lish Universities. 

Becket. 
CAMEL. 

A  large  ruminant  quadruped, 
much  used  in  Asia  and  Africa 
as  a  beast  of  burden,  and  for 
riding.  The  camel  is  remark- 
able for  its  ability  to  go  a  long 
time  without  drinking. 

Merlin  and  Vivien  ;  Lover's 
Tale. 
CAMELEON. 

A  small  lizard  famous  for 
changing  its  colour. 

Queen  Mary. 

CAMELIARD. 

The  realm  of  Leodogran, 
father  of  Guinevere,  wife  of 
king  Arthur.  Brecknock — 
three  miles  from  which  town 
is  a  hill  known  as  Arthur's 
hill — was    considered    to    have 


CAM] 


90 


marked  one  of  its  borders,  and 
its  capital  is  said  to  have  been 
Carohaise,  a  city  as  yet  undis- 
covered. 

Leodogran,  the  King  of  Cameliard, 
Had  one  fair  daughter,  and  none  other  child  ; 
And  she  was  fairest  of  all  flesh  on  earth, 
Guinevere,  and  in  her  his  one  delight. 

With  the  assistance  of  king 
Arthur  he  cleared  his  realm  of 
wild  beasts  and  heathen  hordes 
that  swarmed  from  overseas, 
after  which  his  daughter  Guine- 
vere became  Arthur's  queen. 

Coming  of  Arthur. 

CAMELOT. 

The  place  where  king  Arthur 
chiefly  held  his  court. 

As  it  fell  out  on  a  Pentecost  day, 

King  Arthur  at  Camelot  kept  his  court 
royall, 
With  his  faire  queene  dame  Guenever  the  gay  ; 

And  manv  bold  barons  sitting  in  hall ; 

With   ladies   attired   in   purple   and   pall; 
And  heraults  in  hewkes,  hooting  on  high, 
Cryed,  Largesse,  Largesse,  Chevaliers  tres-hardie. 

Percy's  Reliques.    King  Ryence's  Challenge. 

Caxton  in  his  preface  to 
Malory's  Morte  £  Arthur  speaks 
of  it  as  if  it  were  in  Wales, 
probably  meaning  Caerleon- 
upon-Usk,  where  the  Roman 
amphitheatre  is  still  called 
Arthur's  Round  Table.  The 
place  referred  to  by  Shake- 
speare in  his  King  Lear  is 
considered  to  be  in  Cornwall. 

Goose,  if  I  had  you  upon  Sarum  plain, 
I'd  drive  ye  cackling  home  to  Camelot. 
Shakespeare  :  King  Lear,  Act  II.  Scene  *'*. 

But  the  Camelot  of  the 
Arthurian  romance  is  supposed 
to  be  the  city  of  Winchester. 

Balin's  sword  was  put  in  a  marble  stone 
standing  upright  as  great  as  a  millstone,  and 
the  stone  hoved  always  above  the  water, 
and  did  many  years,  and  so  by  adventure  it 
swam  down  the  stream  to  the  city  of  Camelot 
that  is  in  English  Winchester. 

Malory  :  Morte  d' Arthur,  Book  II.  chap.  xix. 

It   is   now  identified  with  a 


[CAM 

village  called  Camel  in  Somerset- 
shire and  the  town  of  Camelford 
in    Cornwall.     In    the    former 
place  remains  of  the  entrench- 
ments of  an  ancient  town  are 
still   to    be   seen.     The   village 
still  preserves  the  traditions  of 
Arthur,   '  the   bridge   over  the 
river  Camel  is  called  Arthur's 
Bridge,'  and  in  the  neighbour- 
hood   is    a    spring    known     as 
'Arthur's    Well.'    At     Camel- 
ford    there    is    a    grave    locally 
known     as      '  King     Arthur's 
grave,'   and   in   the   vicinity  is 
Slaughter     Hill,     the     reputed 
scene  of  the  '  last  weird  battle 
in  the  west,'  where  the  traitor 
Modred  was   slain,   and  where 
Arthur     received     his     mortal 
wound.     In  Gareth  and,  Lynette 
it  is  described  as  : 

a  city  of  shadowy  palaces 
And  stately,  rich  in  emblem  and  the  work 
Of  ancient  kings  who  did  their  days  in  stone  : 
Which  Merlin's  hand,  the  Mage  at  Arthur'* 

court, 
Knowing  all  arts,  had  touch'd,  and  every- 
where 
At   Arthur's  ordinance,   tipt  with  lessening 

peak 
And  pinnacle,  and  had  made  it  spire  to  heaven. 

And  in  the  centre  of  the  city 
was  the  great  hall  which  Merlin 
had  built  for  Arthur 

O  brother,  had  you  known  our  mighty  hall 
Which    Merlin    built   for   Arthur   long    ago  ! 
For  all  the  sacred  mount  of  Camelot, 
And  all  the  dim  rich  city,  roof  by  roof, 
Tower  after  tower,  spire  beyond  spire, 

But  in  the  description  of  the 
departure  of  the  three  knights 
in  search  of  the  Holy  Grail, 
Percivale  says : 

O  brother,  had  you  known  our  Camelot, 
Built  by  old  kings,  age  after  age,  so  old 
The  king  himself  had  fears  that  it  would  fall, 
So  strange,  and  rich,  and  dim  ;  for  where  the 

roofs 
Totter'd  toward  each  other  in  the  sky 
Met  foreheads  all  along  the  streets  of  those 
Who  watch'd  us  pass ; 


CAM] 


91 


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And  in  P  die  as  and  Ettarre, 
as  Pelleas  is  riding  away  from 
the  castle  of  Ettarre 

he  saw 
High  up  in  heaven  the  hall  that  Merlin  built, 
Blackening  against  the  dead-green  stripes  of 

even, 
'  Black  nest  of  rats,'  he  groan'd, '  ye  build  too 

high.' 

Lady  of  Shalott ;  Morte 
d?  Arthur ;  Gareth  and 
Lynette  ;  Marriage  of  Ger- 
aint  ;  Balin  and  Balan  ; 
Merlin  and  Vivien  ;  Lance- 
lot and  Elaine  ;  Holy  Grail ; 
Pelleas  and  Ettarre  ;  Last 
Tournament ;  Guinevere  ; 
Passing  of  Arthur  ;  Merlin 
and  the  Gleam. 

CAMILLA.    See  Julian. 

CAMMA. 

Wife  of  Sinnatus  (q.v.),  after- 
wards priestess  in  the  temple 
of  Artemis. 

The  Cup. 

CAMPANILI. 

A  genus  of  plants,  bearing 
bell-shaped  flowers. 

The  Daisy. 

cAmulodune. 

The  Roman  name  for  the 
city  of  Colchester.  Claudius 
established  a  Roman  settlement 
here  to  assist  in  the  subjuga- 
tion of  Caractacus,  a  war- 
like king  who  lived  in  South 
Wales.  During  the  absence  of 
the  Governor,  the  Iceni,  under 
Boadicea  (q-v.)  captured  and 
burnt  the  colony  and  massacred 
the  inhabitants,  some  70,000 
Romans  being  said  to  have 
perished,  but  Suetonius  Paulinus 


on  his  return  from  Wales  re- 
covered possession  of  the  place. 
Boadicea. 
CANA. 

Perhaps,  like  him  of  Cana  in  Holy  Writ, 
Our  Arthur  kept  his  best  until  the  last ; 

Refers  to  the  marriage  feast 
in  Cana  of  Galilee  where  Christ 
was  present  with  His  disciples 
and  performed  His  miracle  of 
turning  the  water  into  wine. 
John  ii.  i-n. 

Holy  Grail. 

CANADA. 

A  Welcome  to  Her  High- 
ness Marie  Alexandrovna, 
Duchess  of  Edinburgh  ; 
Hands  all  Round. 

CANNING. 

Stratford  Canning,  first  vis- 
count Stratford  de  Redcliffe, 
the  famous  ambassador.  Was 
secretary  to  the  Envoy  to  Den- 
mark in  1807;  Constantinople 
in  1808,  and  two  years  later  was 
left  in  charge  of  the  British 
Embassy  at  Constantinople ; 
plenipotentiary  to  Switzerland 
1813-20;  envoy  to  the  United 
States  of  America  1820-24; 
to  St.  Petersburg  1824,  and 
again  to  Constantinople  in 
1825.  M.P.  for  Salisbury  1828, 
and  for  Stockbridge,  1830; 
appointed  Envoy  to  St. 
Petersburg  1833,  but  the 
Czar  refused  to  receive 
him ;  in  1835  declined  the 
governorship  of  Canada  ;  M.P. 
for  Kings  Lynn  1835-41,  and 
in  1842  appointed  ambassador 
at    Constantinople.     Envoy   to 


CAN] 


92 


[CAR 


Switzerland    1847,   and  in   the 
following  year  returned  to  Con- 
stantinople.    In    1852    he    was 
created    viscount   Stratford  de 
Redcliffe,    and    six   years    later 
resigned     his     ambassadorship. 
He  died  in  1880.     A  statue  to 
his    memory    was    erected    in 
Westminster  Abbey  in  1884. 
Will    Waterproofs   Lyrical 
Monologue ;     I Epitaph     on 
Lord  Stratford,  de  Redcliffe. 

CANOPUS. 

A  bright  star  in  the  rudder 
of  Argo,  a  constellation  of  the 
southern  hemisphere  ;  so  called 
from  the  old  Egyptian  city 
Canopus,  or  from  an  Egyptian 
god  of  that  name. 

'  We  drank  the  Libyan  Sun  to  sleep,  and  lit 
Lamps  which  out-burn'd  Canopus.' 

Dream  of  Fair  Women. 

CANTERBURY. 

Queen  Mary  ;  Harold  ;  Becket. 

CANTERBURY-BELLS. 

= Campanula,  a  plant  bearing 
bell-shaped  flowers. 

City  Child. 

CANTERBURY  MINSTER. 

Becket. 
CAPITOL. 

The  temple  of  ancient  Rome, 
where  the  senate  met.  It  was 
situated  on  the  Mons  Capitol- 
inus,  the  smallest  but  the  most 
famous  of  the  seven  hills  on 
which  Rome  is  built. 

Freedom. 
CAPRERA. 

A  small  island  in  the  Buc- 
cinari    group    of   the    coast    of 


Sardinia.  It  was  the  home  of 
general  Garibaldi,  where  he 
died,  and  his  burial-place. 

To  Ulysses. 
CARADOS. 

A    king    subdued     by    king 
Arthur,   fighting   on    behalf   of 
Leodogran,  king  of  Cameliard. 
Coming  of  Arthur. 

CARAFFA. 

John  Peter  Caraffa,  elected 
pope  of  Rome  under  the  title 
of  Paul  IV  in  1555,  at  the  age 
of  eighty. 

Queen  Mary. 
CARAVEL. 

the  frailer  caravel , 
With  what  was  mine,  came  happily  to  the 

shore. 
There  was  a  glimmering  of  God's  hand. 

The  small,  open  ship  of  the 
Portuguese  was  called  a  caravel. 
When  Bovadilla  (q.v.)  started 
on  his  homeward  voyage  to 
Spain,  a  hurricane  burst  over 
his  fleet.  Many  of  the  ships 
were  entirely  lost,  and  others 
returned  to  San  Domingo  in  a 
shattered  condition.  The  only 
ship  of  the  fleet  which  pursued 
her  voyage  and  ultimately 
reached  her  port  of  destination 
was  the  frail  caravel  freighted 
with  the  property  of  Columbus. 
Columbus. 

CARBONEK. 

A  castle,  according  to  legend 
built  as  the  resting  place  of  the 
Holy  Grail  in  the  time  of 
Alain,  grandson  of  Joseph  of 
Arimathaea.  It  was  the  resi- 
dence of  king  Pelles,  whose 
daughter  Elaine  was  mother 
of  sir  Galahad. 


CAR] 


93 


[CAS 


and  looking  up, 
Behold,  the  enchanted  towers  of  Carbonek, 
A  castle  like  a  rock  upon  a  rock, 

Holy  Grail. 

CAREW      (Peter).       See     Peter 
Carew. 

CARIAN  ARTEMISIA. 

Daughter  of  Lygdamis,  and 
queen  of  Halicarnassus.  She 
built  in  memory  of  her  hus- 
band king  Mausolus  of  Caria, 
the  famous  Mausoleum  of 
Halicarnassus,  counted  by  the 
ancients  as  one  of  the  seven 
wonders  of  the  world.  With 
five  ships  she  joined  Xerxes  in 
his  invasion  of  Greece,  and 
fought  at  Salamis,  480  B.C., 
where  she  displayed  such  signal 
courage  and  energy,  that 
Xerxes  exclaimed  :  '  My  men 
have  become  women,  and  my 
women  men.' 

and  she 
The  foundress  of  the  Babylonian  wall 
The  Carian  Artemisia  strong  in  war. 

The  Princess. 
CARLOS. 

Don  Carlos,  son  of  Philip 
II  of  Spain. 

Queen  Mary. 
CAROLINE. 

There's  Margaret  and  Mary,  there's  Kate  and 

Caroline  : 
But  none  so  fair  as  little  Alice  in  all  the  land 

they  say, 

One  of  the  four  little  girl 
friends  of  Alice,  '  Queen  of  the 

May.' 

May  Queen. 

CARP. 

A  fresh-water  fish. 

Marriage  of  Geraint. 

CARRIER-PIGEON. 

A  domestic  pigeon  used    to 


convey  messages  from  a  distant 
point  to  its  home. 

Harold. 
CARYATIDS. 

In  Greek  architecture  draped 
female    figures    supporting   an 
entablature  in  place  of  a  column. 
The  Princess. 
CASCINE. 

At  Florence  too  what  golden  hours, 
In  those  long  galleries,  were  ours ; 

What  drives  about  the  fresh  Cascine, 
Or  walks  in  Boboli's  ducal  bowers. 

A  park  of  Florence  about  two 
miles  long,  bounded  by  the 
rivers  Arno  and  Mugnone.  It 
affords  refreshing  walks  to  the 
traveller,  and  is  a  fashionable 
rendezvous,  particularly  for 
driving. 

The  Daisy. 
CASSANDRA. 

A  Trojan  princess ;  the  beau- 
tiful daughter  of  Priam  and 
Hecuba,  whom  Apollo  in  return 
for  her  love  endowed  with  the 
gift  of  prophecy.  She  pre- 
dicted to  the  Trojans  the  siege 
and  destruction  of  their  city, 
and  was  shut  up  in  prison  as 
a  madwoman.  On  the  fall 
of  Troy  she  became  the  slave 
of  Agamemnon,  and  was  mur- 
dered along  with  her  master 
by  his  wife  Clytemnestra.  She 
is  one  of  the  characters  in 
Shakespeare's  Troilus  and 
Cressida. 

(Enone  ;  Romney's  Remorse. 

CASSIA. 

A  genius  of  plants  of  many 
species,  most  of  which  have 
purgative  qualities. 

Love  and  Death. 


€AS] 


94 


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CASSIOPEIA. 

Queen  of  Ethiopia,  mother  of 
Andromeda.  For  boasting  that 
her  daughter's  beauty  surpassed 
the  beauty  of  the  sea-nymphs, 
Neptune  sent  a  sea-serpent, 
which  ravaged  the  kingdom. 
At  death  she  was  made  a  con- 
stellation, consisting  of  thirteen 
stars. 

Or  that  starred  Ethiop  queen  that  strove 
To  set  her  beauty's  praise  above 
The  Sea- Nymphs,  and  their  powers  offended. 
Milton  :   //  Penseroso,  19-21. 

The  Princess. 

CASSIVELAUN. 

Cassivelaun,  was  a  king  of 
Britain  at  the  time  when  Julius 
Caesar  invaded  the  island. 
Mwrchan,  a  Gallic  chief,  in 
league  with  Caesar  seized  and 
carried  away  to  Gaul,  Flur, 
Cassivelaun's  betrothed,  but 
Cassivelaun  invading  Gaul  at 
the  head  of  60,000  troops, 
gained  a  complete  victory  and 
rescued  his  bride. 

And  sweeter  than  the  bride  of  Cassivelaun  > 
Flur,  for  whose  love  the  Roman  Cassar  first 
Invaded  Britain, 

On  Caesar's  second  invasion 
of  the  island,  Cassivelaun  again 
vanquished  him ;  but  the 
Romans  being  reinforced  by 
Androgeus,  he  was  defeated 
and  agreed  to  pay  tribute  to  the 
amount  of  3,000  pounds  of 
silver  annually.  Several  years 
after  he  died  and  was  buried  at 
York. 

Boddicea  ;    Marriage  of 
Geraint. 


CASTALIES. 


See   Castaly. 

The  Princess. 


CASTALY. 

A  fountain  at  the  foot  of 
mount  Parnassus,  sacred  to  the 
Muses ;  called  after  a  nymph 
who  drowned  herself  in  it  to 
escape  Apollo.  Its  waters  in- 
spired those  who  drank  thereof 
with  the  gift  of  poetry. 

Becket. 
CASTILE— CASTILLE. 

A  district  of  Spain,  divided 
by  the  mountains  of  Castile 
into  old  and  new  Castile. 
Anciently  inhabited  by  Celti- 
berian  tribes,  but  united  to  the 
crown  of  Spain  in  1469  by  the 
marriage  of  Ferdinand  and 
Isabella. 

Columbus  ;  Queen  Mary. 

CASTLE  PERILOUS. 

The  home  of  Lady  Lyonors. 
There  she  was  held  captive  by 
four  knights.  Lynette  (q-v.) 
her  sister  went  to  king  Arthur 
and  asked  for  a  knight  to  fight 
to  rescue  her,  and  the  task  was 
given  to  sir  Gareth  {q-v), 
who  overcame  the  knights  and 
liberated  the  lady.  Malory  in 
his  Morte  d?  Arthur  says  that 
Gareth  married  the  lady  and 
his  brother  Gaheris  married 
Lynette,  but  Tennyson  says 
that  Gareth  married  Lynette, 
but  makes  no  mention  of  lady 
Lyonors. 

Gareth  and  Lynette. 
CASTRO. 

Chaplain  to  king  Philip  of 
Spain. 

Thou  knowest  I  bad  my  chaplain,  Castro 

preach 
Against  these  burnings. 

Queen  Mary. 


CAT] 


95 


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CAT. 

A  domestic  animal. 

The  Falcon  ;  The  Owl  ; 
The  Goose;  Walking  to  the 
Mail ;  The  Princess ; 
Maui  ;  Promise  of  May  ; 
The  Foresters  ;  Holy  Grail  ; 
Northern  Cobbler ;  To- 
morrow ;  Spinster's  Sweet- 
Arts  ;  Locksley  Hall 
Sixty  Tears  After ;  Owd 
Rod ;  Church-warden  and 
the  Curate. 

CATALONIAN  MINORITE. 

For  curbing  crimes  that  scandalised  the  Cross 
By  him,  the  Catalonian  Minorite, 
Rome's  Vicar  in  our  Indies  ? 

Catalonian  =  Catalonia,  a 
Spanish  province.  Minorite = 
a  monk.  Has  reference  to  Friar 
Bernardo  Buil,  a  Benedictine 
monk  who  accompanied  Colum- 
bus on  his  second  voyage  to 
America,  1493.  He  had  been 
chosen  by  pope  Alexander  VI 
to  be  his  apostolic  vicar  in  the 
West  Indies. 

Columbus. 

CATERPILLAR. 

The  coloured  grub  of  the 
lepidopterous  insects,  or  of 
butterflies  and  moths. 

Guinevere. 
CATHARINE. 

of  Aragon  (b.  1485),  first  queen 
of  Henry  VIII,  youngest  daugh- 
ter of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella 
of  Spain.  Married  first  to 
Arthur,  eldest  son  of  Henry 
VII,  in  1 501,  but  was  left  a 
widow,  and  in  1509  by  a  papal 
dispensation  was  married  to 
her    brother-in-law,  afterwards 


Henry  VIII.  In  1533,  shortly 
after  Henry's  cleavage  with 
Rome,  Cranmer  declared  the 
marriage  null  and  void ;  but 
the  pope  pronounced  it  valid, 
1534.  Died  1535,  and  buried 
in  Peterborough  Abbey. 

Queen  Mary. 
CATHAY. 

The  mediaeval  name  for  Tar- 
tary,  the  capital  of  which  was 
Albracca. 

the  ship 
From  Ceylon,  Inde,  or  far  Cathay,  unloads 
For  him  the  fragrant  produce  of  each  trip ; 
Byron  :  Don  Juan,  Canto  XII .  Stanza  ix. 

Locksley  Hall. 
CATHERINE. 

Daughter  of  a  woman  who 
chides  her  because  she  is  con- 
templating a  marriage,  of  which 
her  mother  says  she  is  unworthy. 

Murder  would  not  veil  your  sin, 

Marriage  will  not  hide  it, 
Earth  and  Hell  will  brand  your  name, 

Wretch  you  must  abide  it  .  .  . 

She  exhorts  her  to  confess  to 
her  lover. 

Up,  get  up,  and  tell  him  all, 
Tell  him  you  were  lying  ! 

Forlorn. 
CATIEUCHLANIAN. 

An  ancient  British  tribe 
whose  kingdom  embraced  the 
present  counties  of  Buckingham- 
shire, Northamptonshire,  and 
Middlesex. 

Boadicea. 
CATO. 

M.  Porcius  Cato,  Roman 
orator  and  statesman.  He  was 
known  as *  the  Censor,'  to  which 
office  he  was  appointed  in  184 
b.c.  He  was  an  opponent  o 
Hellenic  fashions,  and  during 
the  second  Punic  war  (215 
b.c),  when  Rome  was  in  danger 


CAT] 


96 


[CEC 


of  being  captured  by  Hannibal, 
a  law — called  the  Oppian  Law 
— was  passed  to  restrain  the 
extravagant  dress  of  the  Roman 
ladies,  but  some  years  after  the 
women  rose  in  revolt,  and  were 
successful  in  getting  the  law 
repealed  in  spite  of  the  opposi- 
tion of  Cato  (234-149,  B.C.). 

Titanic  shapes,  they  cramm'd 
The  forum,  and  half-crush'd  among  the  rest 
A  dwarf-like  Cato  cower'd. 

The  Princess. 

CATULLUS. 

Considered  to  be  the  greatest 
of  Roman  lyric  poets.  Some 
of  his  poems  are  inspired  by  the 
love  for  a  beautiful  maiden 
named  Lesbia,  a  passion  that 
eventually  proved  his  downfall. 
The  poem  referred  to  in  Edwin 
Morris,  79,  is  by  Catullus. 

Hendecasyllabics ;  Frater 
Ave  Atque  Vale  ;  Poets  and 
their  Bibliographies. 

CAUCASIAN. 

but  every  legend  fair 
Which  the  supreme  Caucasian  mind 
Carved  out  of  Nature  for  itself, 

A  phrase  by  which  the 
race  of  people  who  inhabited 
the  Caucasian  mountains  was 
known. 

Palace  of  Art. 
CAUCASIAN. 

He  never  yet  had  set  his  daughter  forth 
Here  in  the  woman-markets  of  the  west, 
Where  our  Caucasians  let  themselves  be  sold. 

Alludes  to  the  sale  of  Cau- 
casian girls  for  Turkish  harems. 
Aylmer's  Field. 

CAUCASUS. 

A  mountain  range,  900  miles 
in  length,  with  an  average 
height  of  12,000  feet,  extend- 


ing from  the  Black  Sea  to  the 

Caspian. 

The  Poet ;  A  Welcome  to 
Her  Royal  Highness  Marie 
Alexandrovna,  Duchess  of 
Edinburgh. 

CAUF. 

=Calf. 

Spinster's  Sweet-Arts. 
CAVALL. 

King  Arthur's  best  hound ; 
name  of  a  mountain  in  Wales, 
where  tradition  says  exists  a 
stone  with  a  footprint  of  the 
dog  impressed  in  it. 

And  chiefly  for  the  baying  of  CavaU, 
King  Arthur's  hound  of  deepest  mouth, 

Marriage  of  Geraint. 
CECIL. 

William,      baron      Burghley, 
queen  Elizabeth's  chief  minister. 
Queen  Mary. 
CECILY. 

A  Roman  virgin  of  rank,  who 
embraced  Christianity  in  the 
reign  of  Antoninus,  and  who  is 
said  to  have  been  visited  by 
angels.  She  is  the  Latin  saint 
of  music,  and  the  reputed  in- 
ventor of  the  organ.  Suffered 
martyrdom  about  200  b.c. 

Or  in  a  clear-wall'd  city  on  the  sea, 
Near  gilded  organ-pipes,  her  hair 

Wound  with  white  roses,  slept  St.  Cecily  ; 
An  angel  look'd  at  her. 

Dryden,  Pope,  Addison  and 
other  English  poets  have  con- 
tributed Odes,  but  the  best- 
known  is  Dryden 's  (1697). 

Orpheus  could  lead  the  savage  race, 
And  trees  unrooted  left  their  place. 

Sequacious  of  the  lyre  ; 
But  bright  Cecilia  raised  the  wonder  higher  : 
When  to  her  organ  vocal  breath  was  given,. 
An  angel  heard,  and  straight  appeared 

Mistaking  earth  for  heaven. 

Dryden  :  A  Song  for  St.  Cecilia's  Day,  48-54. 

Palace  of  Art. 


CED] 


97 


[CHA 


CEDAR. 

CEDAR-TREE. 

The  name  of  several  ever- 
green trees. 

Recollections  of  the  Arabian 
Nights;  Gardener's  Daugh- 
ter ;  The  Princess  ;  Milton; 
Maud ;    Queen  Mary. 

CELANDINE. 

A  plant  of  the  poppy  family 
with  yellow  leaves. 

Progress  of  Spring. 

CELIDON. 

A  forest,  and  the  scene  of 
Arthur's  seventh  victory  over 
the  Saxons.  One  authority 
considers  it  in  Cornwall,  an- 
other in  Lincolnshire,  while 
another  places  it  on  the  banks 
of  the  Carron  in  Upper- 
Tweeddale. 

then  the  war 
That  thunder'd  in  and  out  the  gloomy  skirts 
Of  Celidon  the  forest ; 

Lancelot  and  Elaine. 
CELTIC  DEMOS.    See  Demos. 
CHAMIAN  ORACLE. 

There  in  a  silent  shade  of  laurel  brown 
Apart  the  Chamian  Oracle  divine 
Shelter'd  his  unapproach'd  mysteries  : 

The  temple  of  Jupiter  Am- 
nion. Ammon  was  an  Egyptian 
god,  represented  in  the  shape 
of  a  ram,  his  chief  temple  being 
in  the  desert  of  Libyan,  twelve 
days'  journey  from  Memphis. 
This  temple  possessed  a  famous 
oracle,  said  to  have  had  con- 
nexion with  the  oracle  at 
Dodona,  two  black  doves  flying 
away  from  Thebes  in  Egypt, 
one  to  the  temple  of  Jupiter 


Ammon  and  the  other  to 
Dodona,  by  which  the  inhabit- 
ants were  informed  of  the 
divine  mission ;  consequently 
the  Greeks  identified  Ammon 
with  their  god  Zeus  and  the 
Romans  with  their  Jupiter. 

Alexander. 

CHARING  CROSS. 

A  part  of  London,  the  junc- 
tion of  Whitehall  and  the 
Strand.  It  derived  its  name 
from  the  stone  cross  which 
was  erected  as  a  memorial  to 
Eleanor,  queen  of  Edward  I. 
Queen  Mary. 

CHARIOTEER. 

and  the  Charioteer 
And  starry  Gemini  hang  like  glorious  crowns 
Over  Orion's  grave  low  down  in  the  west, 

The  constellation  Auriga,  situ- 
ated midway  between  the  Polar 
Star  and  Orion. 

Maud ;    Achilles   over   the 
Trench. 

CHARLES  (the  First). 

King  of  England,  third  son  of 
James  I  and  Anne,  daughter  of 
the  king  of  Denmark.  Created 
duke  of  York  and  Cornwall  on 
the  accession  of  his  father,  and 
in  1616,  four  years  after  the 
death  of  his  elder  brother 
Henry,  created  Prince  of  Wales. 
Succeeding  his  father  in  1625 
he  married  Henrietta  Maria, 
youngest  daughter  of  Henry  IV 
of  France.  Became  involved 
in  controversy  with  Parliament, 
particularly  regarding  the  re- 
venues rendered  necessary  by 
his  extravagant  policy,  and  for 
eleven  years  through  his  ministers 
H 


CHA] 


98 


[CHA 


governed  without  one.  Civil 
war  eventually  broke  out  which 
ended  in  the  disastrous  battle 
of  Naseby  in  1645.  In  the 
following  year  he  surrendered 
himself  to  the  Scots  at  Newark, 
who  handed  him  over  to  the 
English.  On  January  20,  1649, 
he  was  brought  to  trial,  and 
on  the  27th  of  the  same  month 
was  condemned,  and  beheaded 
at  Whitehall  three  days  later 
(1 600-1 649). 

Third  of  February. 

CHARLES  (the  Second). 

King  of  England,  second  son 
of  Charles   I.     Having  assisted 
his  father  until  after  the  battle 
of  Naseby  he   proceeded  with 
his  mother  to  the  Hague,  where 
he    received    the    news    of    his 
father's    fate.      He    was    pro- 
claimed  king  at  Edinburgh  on 
February    3,    1649,    and    again 
on    July    15,    1650,     after    his 
arrival    in    that    country,    and 
on   January  I  in  the  following 
year    was    crowned    at    Scone, 
in    Perthshire.     In    August    of 
the     same     year     he     invaded 
England  at  the  head  of  10,000 
troops,    but    was    defeated    by 
Cromwell    at    Worcester.     Es- 
caping, he  hid  in  the  branches 
of  a  large  oak  in  Boscobel  wood 
to    avoid    his    pursuers,    who 
actually  came  under  the  tree 
where  he  was .     Wandering  from 
place  to   place   in   disguise    he 
eventually    reached    Shoreham, 
escaped  to   France,  and  hence 
to  Brussels,  where  he  remained 


until  the  death  of  Cromwell  in 
1658.  Two  years  later  he  was 
recalled  to  the  throne,  and 
arriving  in  England  was  re- 
received  with  acclamation.  In 
1665  he  declared  war  against 
Holland  and  a  Dutch  fleet  sailed 
up  the  Medway  and  destroyed 
several  ships.  The  same  year 
a  great  plague  swept  away  a 
large  number  of  the  inhabitants 
of  London,  and  in  the  following 
year  a  large  portion  of  the  city 
was  destroyed  by  fire.  In  1674 
he  made  peace  with  Holland, 
and  his  niece,  princess  Mary, 
married  William  of  Orange  in 
1677  (1630-1685). 

Talking  Oak. 

CHARLES  (the  Fifth). 

Emperor  of  Germany,  son  of 
Philip  of  Austria,  became  in  1516 
by  right  of  birth,  ruler  of  Spain, 
the  Netherlands,  Sicily,  and 
Naples ;  and  on  the  death  of  his 
grandfather  added  Austria  to  his 
dominions.  His  chief  ambition 
was  the  suppression  of  the 
Reformation  and  the  succession 
of  his  son  Philip  to  the  imperial 
crown,  but  failing  in  both, 
abdicated  in  favour  of  his  son, 
and  retired  to  the  monastery 
of  St.  Yuste,  in  Estremadura, 
where  he  died,  having,  not- 
withstanding his  retirement, 
continued  to  direct  the  policy 
of  his  son  (1500-1558). 

Queen  Mary. 

CHARLES'S  WAIN. 

The    constellation    of    Ursa 
Major,    a    wagon    without    a 


CHA] 

wagoner,  an.  old  English  name 
for  the  constellation  of  the 
Great  Bear. 

May  Queen. 

CHARLEY. 

A    dog — a     King     Charles 
spaniel — belonging  to  Maud. 

Look,  a  horse  at  the  door, 

And  little  King  Charley  snarling. 

Maud. 
CHARLIE. 

A  son  of  an  old  woman,  who 
outlived  all  her  children.  See 
Harry. 

Grandmother. 
CHARLIE. 

Only  son  of  an  old  book- 
loving  village  squire.  Unlike 
his  father  he  did  a  little  hunting 
and  fishing.  His  father's  estate 
was  entailed,  and  being  in  debt 
he  asked  his  son  to  help  him  out 
of  the  difficulty,  but  he  refused, 
suggesting  that  the  books  should 
be  sold.  Charlie  however  did 
not  live  to  enjoy  the  possession 
of  the  estates,  for  while  out 
riding  one  evening  his  horse 
threw  him,  and  he  was  killed. 
Village  Wife. 

CHARLOCK. 

A  plant  of  the  mustard  family, 
with  yellow  leaves,  that  grows 
as  a  weed  in  cornfields. 

Gareth  and  Lynette. 

CHARTIST  PIKE. 

I  once  was  near  him,  when  his  bailiff  brought 
A  Chartist  pike. 

A  weapon  used  by  the  revolu- 
tionary party  known  as  the 
Chartists.  During  the  agita- 
tion by  the  working-classes  for 
greater  political  power  in  1838 


99  [CHI 

in  a  document  called  the 
1  People's  Charter  '  there  were 
fears  of  a  secret  rising  on  account 
of  the  petition  being  refused 
by  the  House  of  Commons. 
Walking  to  the  Mail. 

CH  ATE  LET. 

A  poet-squire  in  the  suite  of 
Marshal  Damville,  who  was 
executed  for  intrigue  with  Mary, 
queen  of  Scots. 

Margaret. 

CHAUCER     (Dan).        See     Dan 
Chaucer. 

CHESTNUT. 

=a  tree. 
Miller's    Daughter;     Lord 
of    Burleigh ;     Progress    of 
Spring. 

CHICHESTER  (Bishop  of). 

Hilary ;  elected  bishop  of 
Chichester  1147,  and  arch- 
bishop of  York  the  same  year, 
but  the  latter  appointment 
was  not  confirmed  by  the  pope. 
He  urged  Becket  to  accept  the 
'  ancient  customs  '  included  in 
the  embassy  to  the  pope  against 
Becket ;  and  granted  absolution 
to  those  bishops  whom  Becket 
had  excommunicated  (d.  1169). 
Becket. 
CHIMERA. 

In  Greek  mythology  a  fire- 
eating  monster,  destroyed  by 
Bellerophon,  having  the  head 
of  a  Hon,  the  body  of  a  goat, 
and  the  tail  of  a  dragon.  The 
word  signifies  any  impossible 
monstrosity. 

The  Princess. 


CHI] 


100 


[CLA 


CHINA. 

till  wanning  wth  her  theme 
She  fulmined  out  her  scorn  of  laws  Salique 
And  little-footed  China,  touch'd  on  Mahomet 
With  much  contempt,  and  came  to  chivalry  : 

Refers  to  the  custom  pre- 
valent in  China  of  cramping  the 
feet  of  girls  from  an  early  age 
in  tight  bandages  to  keep  them 
small. 

The  Princess. 

CHRISTCHURCH  (Dean  of). 

our  Bishops  from  their  sees 
Or  fled,  they  say,  or  flying — Poinet,  Barlow, 
Bale,  Scory,  Coverdale ;  besides  the  Deans 
Of  Christchurch,  Durham,  Exeter,  and  Wells — 

Queen  Mary. 
CHRISTIAN. 

More  like  the  picture 
Of  Christian  in  my  '  Pilgrim's  Progress  '  here 
Bow'd  to  the  dust  beneath  the  burthen  of  sin. 

The  hero  of  Bunyan's  Pil- 
grim?'s  Progress. 

Promise  of  May. 

CHRISTOPHER     COLON.     See 
Columbus. 

CICALA. 

At  eve  a  dry  cicala  sung, 
There  came  a  sound  as  of  the  sea ; 

An  insect  with  wings.  The 
male  makes  a  shrill  sound  by 
peculiar  organs  in  the  side  of 
the  abdomen. 

Mariana  in  the  South. 

CLARA  VEREdeVERE. 

Daughter  of  an  earl,  nobly 
born,  but  of  a  haughty  and 
proud  disposition.  The  poet 
assured  her  that  hers  was  not  a 
character  to  be  admired,  and 
that  for  all  her  wealth  and  name 
he  would  not  forsake  a  simple 
maiden  with  a  truer  heart.  In 
the  poem  appear  the  well- 
known  lines  : 


llowe'er  it  be,  it  seems  to  me, 

Tis  only  noble  to  be  good. 
Kind  hearts  are  more  than  coronets, 

And  simple  faith  than  Norman  blood. 

Lady  Clare  Vere  de  Vere. 

CLARE,  LADY. 

The  supposed  child  of  an 
earl,  who  is  afterwards  told  by 
her  old  nurse  that  she  is  not  the 
lady  Clare,  as  the  old  earl's 
daughter  died  almost  directly 
after  birth.  The  nurse  tells 
her  that  she  is  her  mother. 
The  supposed  lady  Clare  hastens 
to  tell  the  truth  to  her  lover, 
lord  Ronald,  the  real  heir  to 
her  lands.  This  takes  place  on 
the  eve  of  her  marriage.  Lord 
Ronald  greatly  appreciates  her 
honesty  and  frankness. 

If  you  are  not  the  heiress  born 
And  I,'  said  he,  '  the  lawful  heir, 

We  two  will  wed  to-morrow  morn, 
And  you  shall  still  be  Lady  Clare.' 

Lady  Clare. 
CLARENCE. 

A  lady-in-waiting  to  queen 
Mary. 

Queen  Mary. 

CLARIANCE. 

King  of  Northumberland, 
subdued  by  king  Arthur  fight- 
ing on  behalf  of  Leodogran, 
king  of  Cameliard. 

Coming  of  Arthur. 

CLARIBEL. 

Claribel  lived  in  a  beautiful 
bower,  where  everything  was 
at  peace. 

Where  Claribel  low-lieth 
The  breezes  pause  and  die, 
Letting  the  rose-leaves  fall : 

Claribel. 
CLAUDIAS. 

One  of  the  petty  kings  over- 
come  by  king  Arthur   fighting 


CLE] 


IOI 


[COC 


on  behalf  of  Leodogran,  king  of 
Cameliard. 

Coming  of  Arthur. 
CLELIA. 

A  Roman  virgin  who  swam 
the  river  Tiber  to  escape  from 
Porsina,  king  of  Clusium,  whose 
hostage  she  was.  Being  sent 
back  by  the  Romans,  Porsina 
not  only  set  her  at  liberty  but 
allowed  her  to  take  with  her  a 
part  of  the  hostages. 

The  Princess. 
CLEMATIS. 

A  genus  of  climbing  plants. 
Golden  Tear ;  City  Child; 
The  Window  ;  Voyage  of 
Maeldune. 

CLEOPATRA-LIKE. 

Cleopatra-like  as  of  old 

To  entangle  me  when  we  met, 

=Cleopatra,  queen  of  Egypt, 
distinguished  for  her  beauty  and 
her  charms ;  first  fascinated 
Caesar,  and  after  his  death 
Mark  Antony  {q.v).  On  the 
fall  and  suicide  of  the  latter  she 
killed  herself  to  escape  being 
taken  to  Rome.  Maud. 

CLIFFORD.       See      Rosamund, 
Rosamund  de  Clifford. 

CLOVER. 

A  genus  of  plants,  containing 
a  great  number  of  species. 

A  Dirge  ;  City  Child. 

COBHAM. 

Sir  John  Oldcastle,  lord 
Cobham  ;  lollard  leader  ;  first 
author  and  first  martyr  among 
the  English  nobility.  In  the 
reign  of  Henry  IV  he  com- 
manded   an    English    army    in 


France,  where  he  compelled 
the  duke  of  Orleans  to  raise 
the  siege  of  Paris.  Becoming 
a  convert  to  Wycliffe's  doc- 
trines, he  was  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  V  tried  by  archbishop 
Arundel  and  other  bishops ; 
declared  to  be  a  heretic,  and 
sent  to  the  tower,  but  escaping, 
summoned  all  his  followers  to 
meet  him  in  St.  Giles'  fields. 
The  assemblage  being  attacked 
and  his  followers  dispersed,  he 
fled  to  Wales,  and  after  hiding 
for  four  years  was  captured, 
conveyed  to  London,  and  being 
condemned  was  hanged  in  chains 
and  burnt,  December  1416. 

Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cobham. 
COBRA. 

A  hooded  and  poisonous 
snake,  a  native  of  the  East 
Indies.  Akbar's  Dream. 

COCK,  THE. 

O  plump  head- waiter  at  The  Cock 
To  which  I  most  resort, 

A  Tavern,  No.  201,  Fleet 
Street,  near  Temple  Bar,  and 
of  great  antiquity. 

Generally  he  would  stay  at  the  Temple 
or  in  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields ;  dining  with  his 
friends  at  The  Cock,  and  other  taverns.  A 
perfect  dinner  was  a  beefsteak,  a  potato,  a 
cut  of  cheese,  a  pint  of  port,  and  afterwards  a 
pipe  (never  a  cigar). 

*  »  * 

'  The  plump  head-waiter  of  The  Cock,' 
by  Temple  Bar,  famous  for  chop  and  porter, 
was  rather  offended  when  told  of  the  poem 
[Will  Waterproof],  '  Had  Mr.  Tennyson 
dined  oftener  there,  he  would  not  have  minded 
it  so  much,'  he  said. 

Edward  Fitzgerald  quoted 
in  Life  of  Tennyson. 

Pepys  in  his  Diary  for  April 
23,  1668,  speaks  of  having  been 
there  : 


COC] 


102 


[COL 


Thence  by  water  to  the  Temple,  and  there 
to  the  Cock  alehouse,  and  drank,  and  ate  a 
lobster,  and  sang,  and  mighty  merry. 

Will    Water-proofs    Lyrical 
Monologue. 
COCKATRICE. 

A  fabulous  monster,  resem- 
bling a  serpent. 

Holy  Grail. 
COCO. 

=  the  cocoa-nut  tree. 

Enoch  Arden. 
COCO-PALM. 

= Cocoa-palm. 

Progress  of  Spring. 

COESNON. 

A  river  forming  the  boundary 
between  Normandy  and  Brit  - 
tany.  Harold. 

COGOLETTO. 

A  village  in  the  province  of 
Genoa,  on  the  coast. 

The  Daisy. 
COLE  (Henry). 

Fellow  of  the  New  College, 
Oxford,  1521-40  ;  submitted  to 
the  Reformation,  and  became 
prebendary  of  Salisbury  in  1539, 
but  on  Mary's  accession  joined 
the  Roman  Catholic  party ; 
was  made  archdeacon  of  Ely  in 

1553,  canon  of  Westminster  and 
provost  of  Eton  ;  and  disputed 
with    Cranmer    at    Oxford    in 

1554.  He  preached  at  St. 
Mary's  Church,  Oxford,  on  the 
occasion  of  the  martyrdom  of 
Cranmer  in  1556. 

Him    perch'd    up    there  ?     I    wish    some 
thunderbolt 
Would  make  this  Cole  a  cinder,  pulpit  and  all. 

Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  1556-9 ; 
-vicar-general  of  the  archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  1557-8  ;  sent  to 


Ireland    to    extirpate     protes- 
tantism 1558. 

*  In  1558,'  says  Timbs  and 
Gunn's  Abbey,  Castles,  etc., 
*  Dr.  Henry  Cole,  dean  of  St. 
Paul's,  was  entrusted  with  the 
commission  issued  by  queen 
Mary,  to  institute  prosecutions 
against  such  as  should  refuse 
to  observe  the  ceremonies  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  religion  in 
Ireland.  The  doctor  stopped 
at  Chester  on  his  way,  and  at 
the  Blue  Posts  Inn  was  visited 
by  the  Mayor,  to  whom,  in  the 
course  of  conversation,  he  com- 
municated the  business  upon 
which  he  was  engaged  ;  open- 
ing his  cloak-bag,  he  took  out 
a  leather  box,  observing  with 
exultation,  "  he  had  that  within 
which  would  lash  the  heretics 
of  Ireland."  The  hostess  acci- 
dentally overheard  the  dis- 
course, and  having  a  brother 
who  was  a  Protestant,  she  be- 
came alarmed  for  his  safety ; 
and  with  a  surprising  quickness 
of  thought,  whilst  the  doctor 
was  complimenting  his  worship 
down  the  stairs,  to  open  the 
box,  take  out  the  commission, 
and  leave  instead  a  pack  of 
cards,  with  the  knave  of  clubs 
uppermost.  Soon  afterwards 
the  dean  sailed  for  Ireland, 
where  he  arrived  on  December 
7,  1558.  Being  introduced  to 
the  Lord-Deputy  Fitzwalter 
and  the  Privy  Council,  he  ex- 
plained the  nature  of  his  em- 
bassy, and  then  presented  the 
box  containing,  as  he  thought, 


COL] 


103 


[COL 


the  commission ;  his  lordship 
took  it,  and  having  lifted  the 
lid,  beheld  with  considerable 
surprise  the  pack  of  cards,  with 
the  knave  on  the  top.  The 
doctor  was  thunderstruck,  and 
in  much  confusion  affirmed  that 
a  commission  he  certainly  had, 
and  that  some  artful  person 
must  have  made  the  exchange. 
"  Then,"  said  his  lordship,  "  you 
have  nothing  to  do  but  return 
to  London  and  get  it  renewed  ; 
meanwhile  we'll  shuffle  the 
cards."  This  unwelcome  ad- 
vice the  doctor  was  constrained 
to  follow  .  .  .  but  before  he 
could  reach  Ireland  a  second 
time  queen  Mary  died,  and 
her  sanguinary  commission  be- 
came useless.  The  woman 
whose  dexterity  and  presence 
of  mind  had  thus  providentially 
operated,  was  rewarded  by 
Elizabeth  with  a  pension  of 
forty  pounds  a  year.' 

In  1559  he  was  one  of  the 
eight  romanist  disputants  at 
Westminster  Abbey,  and  for 
contempt  was  fined  500  marks 
and  deprived  of  all  his  prefer- 
ments. In  the  following  year 
he  was  committed  to  the  Tower, 
whence  he  was  removed  to  the 
Fleet.  His  subsequent  history 
is  obscure.  Queen  Mary. 

COLEWORT. 

A  species  of  cole,  or  cabbage. 
Guinevere. 
COLLANTINE. 

A  town  on  the  Anio,  built 
by  the  people  of  Alba. 

Lucretius. 


COLOSSEUM. 

Like  some  old  wreck  on  some  indrawing  sea, 
Gain'd  their  huge  Colosseum. 

The  great  amphitheatre  in 
Rome  standing  on  the  site  of 
Nero's  palace.  It  was  begun 
by  Vespasian  72  a.d.,  and 
finished  by  Titus  a.d.  82.  It 
was  here  the  fights  of  wild 
beasts  and  gladiators  went  on. 
S  T elemachus . 
COLT. 

A  young  hor 

Talking  Oak  ;  Enoch  Arden  ; 
The  Brook  ;  The  Princess  ; 
Coming  of  Arthur ;  Rom- 
ne"fs  Remorse. 

COLUMBUS. 

A  celebrated  Genoese  navi- 
gator. His  life  is  of  little  inter- 
est till  1470,  when  he  settled 
in  Lisbon  and  made  voyages 
to  the  Madeira  and  the  Azores. 
Thinking  it  possible  to  reach 
India  by  sailing  westward,  he 
made  an  appeal  to  his  native 
city  but  without  result ;  to 
the  king  of  Portugal,  to  Henry 
VII  of  England,  and  to  the 
dukes  of  Medina  Sidonia,  and 
Medina  Celi,  who  advised  him 
to  lay  his  proposals  before  the 
Spanish  king  and  queen.  After 
seven  years  of  delay  his  pro- 
posals were  accepted  by  the 
Spanish  monarchs,  and  on 
August  3,  1492,  his  little 
squadron  of  three  small  ships 
set  sail  on  its  perilous  voyage, 
and  on  October  12  of  the  same 
year  landed  on  the  island  of 
Guanahani,  one  of  the  Bahamas, 
which  he  called  San  Salvador, 


COL] 


104 


[CON 


and  thence  sailed  to  Cuba 
and  Hispaniola.  On  his  return 
to  Spain  in  1493  he  was  wel- 
comed with  great  enthusiasm, 
and  many  honours  were  con- 
ferred upon  him,  that  which  he 
prized  most  of  all  being  the 
title  '  Admiral  of  the  Ocean.' 
He  sailed  on  his  second  voyage 
on  September  25,  1493,  and 
discovered  Porto  Rico  and 
Jamaica.  Returned  in  1496  and 
set  out  on  his  third  voyage 
which  resulted  in  the  discovery 
of  Trinidad,  and  the  mainland 
of  South  America.  His  enemies 
in  Spain,  however,  did  him 
much  harm,  and  a  new  gover- 
nor, Francisco  Bovadilla  (q.v.), 
acted  with  great  harshness ;  and 
in  October  1500  Columbus  was 
placed  in  irons  and  sent  back 
to  Spain.  This  treatment 
caused  a  wave  of  indignation  to 
sweep  over  Spain,  and  Colum- 
bus, on  landing,  was  restored 
to  favour  by  Ferdinand  and 
Isabella. 

Chains  for  the  Admiral  of  the  Ocean !  chains 
For  him  who  gave  a  new  heaven,  a  new  earth, 
As  holy  John  had  prophesied  of  me, 
Gave  glory  and  more  empire  to  the  kings 
Of  Spain  than  all  their  battles !  chains   for 

him 
Who  push'd  his  prows  into  the  setting  sun 
And  made  West  East,  and  sail'd  the  Dragon's 

mouth, 
And  came  upon  the  Mountain  of  the  World, 
And  saw  the  rivers  roll  from  Paradise ! 

In  1502  he  made  his  fourth 
and  last  voyage  and  explored 
the  north  coast  of  the  gulf  of 
Mexico.  He  returned  in  1504, 
and  worn  out  in  body  died 
two  years  later  at  Valladolid, 
in  poverty  and  want.  He  was 
buried    at    Valladolid,    but    in 


15 1 3  his  remains  were  trans- 
lated to  Seville,  and  a  monu- 
ment erected  to  his  memory  in- 
scribed :  '  To  Castile  and  Leon 
Columbus  has  given  a  new 
world.'  In  1513  they  were 
taken,  with  those  of  his  son 
Diego,  and  laid  in  the  Cathe- 
dral of  San  Domingo.  Two 
hundred  and  fifty  years  later 
the  island  was  ceded  to  the 
French,  and  they  were  removed 
to  the  cathedral  of  Havana  in 
Cuba.  After  the  Cuban  war 
the  bones  were — in  1898 — 
brought  from  Havana  to  Spain, 
kept  for  a  time  at  Granada, 
and  finally  deposited  in  191 2 
in  the  cathedral  of  Seville 
(1435-1506). 

The  Daisy  ;  Columbus. 

COMO. 

A  town  on  the  lake  of  Como 
of  Italy. 

The  Daisy. 

CONSTANTINUS. 

A  king  of  Scotland,  who 
allied  himself  with  the  Danes 
under  Anlaf  against  Athelstan. 
The  allied  kings  were  defeated 
at  Brunanburh  (937  a.d.),  by 
Athelstan  and  his  brother  Ed- 
mund. This  victory  practically 
established  the  unity  of  Eng- 
land. 

Battle  of  Brunanburh. 

CONVOLVULUS. 

A  genus  of  twining  plants, 
called  also  Bindweed. 

Enoch    Arden ;     Voyage   of 
Maeldune. 


CON] 


105 


[COR 


CONY. 

=a  rabbit. 


Enoch  Arden. 


COOMBERLAND  (Cumberland). 

Promise  of  May. 
COOT. 

A  short-tailed  water-fowl, 
with  a  white  spot  on  the 
forehead.  The  Brook. 

COPHETUA. 

An  imaginary  king  of  Africa. 
Sitting  one  day  at  his  palace 
window  he  saw  a  beggar  maid 
pass,  and  fell  in  love  with  her 
and  married  her.  The  story 
is  alluded  to  in  Percy's  Reliques, 
and  in  Shakespeare's  Love's 
Labour's  Lost,  and  Romeo  and 
Juliet. 

The  magnanimous  and  most  illustrate  king 
Cophetua  set  eye  upon  the  pernicious  and 
indubitate  beggar  Zenelophon, 

Shakespeare  :  Love's  Labour's  Lost, 
Act  IV .  Scene  i. 
So  sweet  a  face,  such  angel  grace, 

In  all  that  land  had  never  been  : 
Cophetua  sware  a  royal  oath  : 
'  This  beggar  maid  shall  be  my  queen  ! ' 

Beggar  Maid. 
COPTIC. 

Peal  after  peal,  the  British  battle  broke, 
Lulling  the  brine  against  the  Coptic  sands. 

= Egyptian.      Buonaparte. 

CORINNA. 

A  Greek  poetess,  born  at 
Tanagra  in  Boeotia.  She  was 
the  most  eminent  of  the  Greek 
lyric  poets,  but  only  fragments 
of  her  poems  remain.  At  the 
national  games  she  was  said  to 
have  obtained  a  victory  over 
Pindar,  the  lyric  poet  of  Greece. 
Her  name  is  the  title  of  one  of 
de  Stael's  novels  : 

At  the  word,  they  raised 
A  tent  of  satin,  elaborately  wrought 
With  fair  Corinna's  triumph  ;  here  she  stood, 
Engirt  with  many  a  florid  maiden-cheek, 
The  woman- conqueror ; 

The  Princess. 


CORITANIAN. 

A  British  tribe  who  in- 
habited the  present  counties  of 
Lincolnshire,  Derbyshire,  Not- 
tinghamshire, Leicestershire, 
and  Northamptonshire. 

Boddicea. 

CORNELIA. 

Wife  of  Titus  Sempronius 
Gracchus,  and  mother  of  the 
Gracchi.  She  was  held  in  high 
esteem  by  the  Romans,  who 
during  her  lifetime  erected  a 
statue  in  her  honour  with  the 
inscription :  Cornelia,  the 
mother  of  the  Gracchi. 

The  Princess. 

CORNWALLIS  (Sir  Thomas). 
Eldest  son  of  sir  John  Corn- 
wallis.  In  1549,  he  was  sent 
into  Norfolk  to  suppress  the 
rebellion  headed  by  Ket,  and 
was  made  sheriff  of  Norfolk 
in  1553.  In  the  following  year 
he  escorted  the  princess  Eliza- 
beth to  London  ;  and  was  one 
of  the  commissioners  at  the 
trial  of  sir  Thomas  Wyatt,  the 
insurrectionary  leader.  From 
1554—7  he  was  treasurer  of 
Calais,  and  it  is  generally  con- 
sidered that  he  sold  the  town 
to  the  French.  In  the  latter 
year  he  was  made  Comptroller 
of  the  Household,  but  on  the 
accession  of  Elizabeth  was  re- 
moved from  the  post,  as  well 
as  from  the  privy  council,  and 
retired  into  private  life.  He 
died  in   1604  (1510-1604). 

Queen  Mary. 


CORJ 


1 06 


[COV 


CORONACH. 

An  Irish  funeral  song  or 
lamentation. 

Dying  Swan. 
CORRIENTES. 

A  province,  Argentine  Re- 
public, between  the  Parana 
and  the  Uruguay  rivers. 

To  Ulysses. 
COSSACK. 

Cossack  and  Russian 
Reel'd  from  the  sabre-stroke, 
Shatter'd  and  sunder'd. 

The    Cossacks   are   a   warlike 

people  in  south-eastern  Russia, 

forming  splendid  light  cavalry. 

Charge  of  the  Light  Brigade. 

COURTENAY. 

Edward  Courtenay,  earl  of 
Devonshire.  With  his  parents 
was  in  1538,  when  only  twelve 
years  of  age,  imprisoned  in  the 
Tower  until  1547,  when  he  was 
released  by  Edward  VI.  On 
the  accession  of  Mary  he  was 
created  earl  of  Devonshire,  and 
at  her  coronation  carried  the 
Sword  of  State ;  and  being 
held  in  high  favour  by  the 
queen,  was  hopeful  for  her 
hand  in  marriage ;  but  on 
Mary's  marriage  with  Philip  of 
Spain  was  urged  to  propose 
marriage  to  the  princess  Eliza- 
beth. At  the  end  of  1553  a 
plot  was  discovered  having  for 
its  object  the  placing  of  Eliza- 
beth on  the  throne.  Sir 
Thomas  Wyatt  joined  in  the 
conspiracy,  but  he  and  his 
followers  were  promptly  sup- 
pressed and  Courtenay  was  sent 
back  to  the  Tower,  and  subse- 
quently removed  to  Fotherin- 


gay.  In  1555  he  was  exiled 
and  went  to  Brussels,  and  thence 
to  Padua,  where  he  died  (1526- 
I55^)-  Queen  Mary. 

COURT-GALEN. 

Our  great  court-Galen  poised  his  gilt-head 
cane, 

Has  reference  to  a  celebrated 
Greek  physician  named  Clau- 
dius Galenus  of  Pergamos.  He 
went  to  Rome  where  he  gained 
great  renown  in  the  medical 
profession,  and  undertook 
scientific  journeys  through 
Greece  and  Asia.  He  was  a 
great  writer,  being  author  of 
some  300  volumes — 125  of 
which  were  destroyed  in  a  fire 
— and  his  writings,  which  left 
no  branch  of  medicine  un- 
touched, formed  for  many  cen- 
turies the  chief  text-books  for 
physicians  and  doctors.  It  was 
customary  for  the  medical  pro- 
fession to  carry  a  gilt-headed 
cane  in  his  honour. 

The  Princess. 
COVENTRY. 

A  city  in  Warwickshire.  Ac- 
cording to  legend  it  obtained 
its  municipal  rights  from  Leo- 
fric  about  1044,  by  the  ride  of 
Godiva  (q.v.)  through  the  streets 
of  the  city. 

Godiva. 

COVERDALE  (Miles). 

Bishop  of  Exeter,  and  trans- 
lator of  the  Bible.  The  Great 
Bible  or  Cromwell's  Bible  (1539) 
was  printed  under  his  direction 
and  issued  under  the  auspices 
of  Thomas  Lord  Cromwell. 
Cranmer's  Bible  (1540),  was  also 


COW] 

edited  by  Co  verdale.  Appointed 
chaplain  to  Edward  VI  in  1548 
and  bishop  of  Exeter  in  1551. 
Upon  the  accession  of  Mary  he 
was  deposed  from  his  See  and 
imprisoned,  but  released  upon 
the  intercession  of  the  king  of 
Denmark  and  retired  to  Geneva ; 
but  returned  to  England  after 
Elizabeth  had  ascended  the 
throne,  and  subsequently  ap- 
pointed to  the  living  of  St. 
Magnus,  near  London  Bridge 
(1488-1568). 

Queen  Mary. 
COW. 

The  female  of  the  bovine 
animals. 

The  Brook ;  Northern 
Farmer^  Old  Style  ;  Village 
Wife  ;  Promise  of  May  ; 
Spinster's  Sweet  -  Arts  ; 
Locksley  Hall  Sixty  Years 
After  ;  Church-warden  and 
the  Curate  ;  Queen  Mary  ; 
The  Foresters. 

COWSLIP. 

A  species  of  primrose,  having 
yellow  blossoms. 

Adeline  ;  Rosalind ;  May 
Queen ;  Talking  Oak ; 
Aylmer's  Field ;  In  the 
Children's  Hospital. 

CRAB. 

An  animal  of  the  class  Crus- 
tacea with  the  whole  body 
covered  by  a  crust-like  shell. 

Harold ;      The    Foresters  ; 

Walking  to   the  Mail. 

CRADLEMONT. 

A  king  of  North  Wales,  sub- 
dued by  king  Arthur,   fighting 


107  [CRA 

on  behalf  of    Leodogran,  king 
of  Cameliard. 

Coming  of  Arthur. 

CRAG-CLOISTER. 

The  monastery  of  Sumelas, 
It  stands  on  the  side  of  a  rocky 
glen  near  Trebizond,  4,000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and 
is  approached  by  a  zigzag  path 
at  the  side  of  the  cliff.  The 
foundation  is  considered  to  be 
some  1,500  years  old,  and  in 
1360  it  was  rebuilt  by  the 
emperor  Alexius  Comnenus, 
The  bull  of  that  emperor,  which 
henceforth  became  its  charter, 
is  still  preserved  in  the  monas- 
tery, which  also  possesses  the 
firman  of  Mohammed  II,  by 
which  he  accorded  his  protec- 
tion to  the  monks  on  becoming 
ruler  of  that  part  of  Asia  Minor, 
To  Ulysses. 

CRAKE. 

A  corn-crake,  a  bird  which 
frequents  grain  fields. 

In  Memoriam. 

CRANE. 

A  large  wading  bird,  with 
long  legs,  neck  and  bill. 

The  Princess ;    Progress  of 
Spring 

CRANMER. 

Archbishop  of  Canterbury ; 
born  at  Aslacton,  Nottingham. 
In  1522  he  was  appointed 
vicar  of  St.  Mary's,  Taunton. 
His  opinion  of  the  divorce  of 
Henry  VIII  with  Catherine 
of  Aragon   recommended   him 


CRA] 

to  that  monarch,  which  opinions 
he  propounded  in  a  treatise.     In 
1530  he  was  sent  as  an  embassy 
to  the  pope,  and  two  years  later 
to  the  emperor  Charles  V,  and 
while   in   Germany    married   a 
niece  of  the  reformer  Osiander. 
In   1533    he  was  created  arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  and  pro- 
nounced Henry's  marriage  with 
Catherine  as   invalid  and  that 
with  Anne  Boleyn  lawful.     On 
the  accession  of  Mary  he  was 
committed  to  the  Tower,  but 
subsequently        released.         A 
charge  of  heresy  was   however 
brought    against    him    and    he 
was  condemned.     On  the  pro- 
mise of  life  he  was  induced  to 
sign  his  abjuration  of  the  Pro- 
testant faith.     For  having  com- 
mitted this   act  he  was  struck 
with  deep  remorse,  and  when 
brought  into  St.  Mary's  Church, 
Oxford,  to  read  his  recantation 
in  public,  instead  of  complying 
he  denounced  the  errors  of  the 
Romish  Church.     This  greatly 
enraged  his  enemies,  who,  de- 
nouncing   him     as    a     heretic, 
dragged  him  to  the  stake  oppo- 
site Balliol  College.     When  the 
faggots  were  lighted  he  put  his 
right  hand  in    the  flame    and 
exclaimed      '  This       unworthy 
hand'  (1489-1556). 

Queen  Mary. 

CRAW. 

Woa — theer's  a  craw  to  pluck  wi'  tha,  Sam  : 

=crow,  to    have    something 
to  settle  with  some  one. 

Northern  Farmer  ;  New  Style. 


108 


[CRO 


CRETE. 

or  Candia,  an  island  in  the 
Mediterranean  sea. 

On  a  Mourner. 
CRICHTON. 

His  own — I  call'd  him  Crichton,  for  he  seem'd 
All-perfect,  finish'd  to  the  finger  nail. 

James  Crichton,  surnamed 
1  the  Admirable  Crichton '  a 
Scottish  nobleman.  He  visited 
Paris,  Rome  and  other  conti- 
nental universities,  and  at 
Venice  he  challenged  all  scholars, 
claiming  to  be  an  expert  lin- 
guist, as  well  as  an  expert 
swordsman.  He  became  tutor 
to  the  son  of  the  duke  of  Man- 
tua. He  was  killed  one  night 
in  the  street,  presumably  by  a 
body  of  masked  men,  when  only 
twenty-three  years  of  age. 

Edwin  Morris. 
CRICKET. 

An  orthopterous  insect.  The 
male  makes  a  chirping  noise  by 
rubbing  his  wing-covers  against 
each  other. 

Death  of  the  Old  Tear  ;  In 
Memoriam  ;  Merlin  and 
Vivien ;  Lancelot  and 
Elaine;  VoyageofMaeldune. 

CROCODILE'S  TEARS. 

= Affected  tears. 

A  Dirge. 
CROCUS. 

A  bulbous  plant  with  brilliant 
yellow  or  purple  flowers. 

(Enone  ;  Palace  of  Art  ; 
To  Rev.  F.  D.  Maurice ; 
Voyage  of  Maeldune  ;  Pre- 
fatory Sonnet  to  the  l  Nine- 
teenth Century '  ,•  Progress  of 
Spring. 


CRO] 


109 


[CYR 


CROW. 

A  large  black  bird. 

Audley  Court ;  Locksley 
Hall ;  Will  Waterproofs 
Lyrical  Monologue ;  Mer- 
lin and.  Vivien  ;  The  Ring  ; 
Queen  Mary ;  The  Fores- 
ters. 

CROWN. 

An  inn  sign. 

and  she  brew'd  the  best  ale  in  all  Glo'ster, 
that  is  to  say  in  her  time  when  she  had  the 
'  Crown.' 

Becket. 
CUCKOO. 

A  bird  whose  name  is  sup- 
posed to  be  called  from  its  note. 
It  builds  no  nest  of  its  own,  but 
lays  its  eggs  in  the  nests  of  other 
birds  to  be  hatched  by  them. 
Gardener's  Daughter  ;    The 
Princess ;     The     Window ; 
Coming  of  Arthur  ;  Lover's 
Tale ;     Prefatory   Poem    to 
my   Brother's  Sonnets ;    To 
Mary   Boyle ;    Progress   of 
Spring  ;    Queen  Mary. 

CUCKOO-FLOWER. 

A  species  of  Cardamine,  called 
also  Lady's  Smock. 

Margaret ;  May  Queen, 

CULVER. 

A  dove,  or  wood-pigeon. 
Progress  of  Spring. 

CUMBERLAND. 

Promise  of  May. 

CUNOBELINE. 

=Camulodune  {q.v.) 

CUPID. 

In  Roman  mythology  the 
God  of  love,  and  the  son  of 
Mercury    and    Venus ;     repre- 


sented as  a  winged  boy  and 
armed  with  a  bow  and  a  quiver 
of  arrows.  In  Apuleius'  Golden 
Ass  Cupid  and  Psyche  {q.v)  are 
the  subjects  of  a  beautiful  fable 
representing  the  soul  of  per- 
fection. 

Edwin  Morris  ;  Talking  Oak  ; 
The  Princess  ;  Becket. 

CUSHIE. 

Name  of  a  cow. 

Spinster's  Sweet-Arts. 

CYGNET. 

A  young  swan. 

Lancelot  and  Elaine. 

CYPRESS. 

An  evergreen  tree,  whose 
branches  used  to  be  used  at 
funerals  and  to  adorn  tombs , 
hence  a  symbol  of  mourning  and 
sadness. 

Amphion  ;  The  Princess  ; 
The  Daisy  ;  In  Memoriam  ; 
Lover's  Tale ;  Dedicatory 
Poem  to  the  Princess  Alice  ; 
Voyage  of  Maeldune  ;  Ak- 
bar's  Dream  ;  The  Cup. 

CYRIL. 

One  of  the  two  friends  of 
prince  Arac.  A  man  of  vigor- 
ous, healthy  common-sense,  un- 
disturbed by  haunting  fancies, 
unfettered  by  false  modesty, 
and  as  clear-sighted  as  jovial. 
In  gaining  admission  to  the 
ladies'  college  he  had  a  very 
humorous  manner  in  dealing 
with  two  of  the  tutors.  Psyche 
he  appeased,  by  complimenting 
her  abilities  as  a  lecturer,  and 
admiring  Aglaia,  her  baby.    The 


ft 


CYP] 


1 10 


[DAI 


lady    Blanche    he    silenced    by 
appealing  to  her  ambitions. 
The  Princess. 

CYPRUS. 

Again  this  Richard  is  the  lion  of  Cyprus, 
Robin,  the  lion  of  Sherwood — 

= Richard  Cceur  de  Lion. 
When  journeying  to  Jerusalem 
on  the  third  Crusade  he  stayed 
some  time  at  this  island,  and 
here  he  married  Berengaria  of 
Navarre,  after  having  deposed 
the  ruler  of  the  island. 

The  Foresters. 

CYRUS. 

A  warlike  and  blood-thirsty 
king  who  after  subduing  the 
eastern  parts  of  Asia  organized 
an  expedition  against  the  Mas- 
sagetae  in  Scythia.  Tomyris 
{q.v),  queen  of  the  Massagetae, 
met  and  defeated  him,  and 
cutting  off  his  head  threw  it 
into  a  vessel  filled  with  human 
blood,  remarking  as  she  did  so, 
<  There,  drink  thy  fill.' 

And    great    bronze    valves,    emboss'd    with 

Tomyris 
And  what  she  did  to  Cyprus  after  fight, 

The  Princess. 
CZAR. 

And  Jack  on  his  ale-house  bench  has  as  many 
lies  as  a  Czar ; 

Represents  the  indignation 
of  the  English  people  with 
Russia  in  1853  at  her  destruc- 
tion of  the  independence  of 
Poland,  and  its  tyrannous  de- 
mand for  the  surrender  of  the 
Hungarian  refugees. 

Maui. 

DAFFODIL. 

A  plant   of  the  genus   Nar- 


cissus.    It  has  a  bulbous  root, 
and  flowers  of  a  yellow  hue. 

Maud ;  Lover's  Tale ; 
Prefatory  Sonnet  to  the 
1  Nineteenth  Century.' 


DAFFODILLY. 

=Daffodil. 

DAGONET. 


The  Princess. 


King  Arthur's  Fool  and  a 
Knight  of  the  Round  Table. 

And  upon  a  day  Sir  Dagonet,  King  Arthur's 
fool,  came  into  Cornwall,  with  two  squires 
with  him, 

*  *  • 

For  they  would  not  for  no  good  that  Sir 
Dagonet  were  hurt,  for  king  Arthur  loved 
him  passing  well,  and  made  him  knight  with 
his  own  hands.  And  at  every  tournament  he 
began  to  make  king  Arthur  to  laugh. 

Malory  :   Morte  d' Arthur,  Book  X.  chap.  xii. 

Tennyson  says  that  he  was 
made  a  mock-knight  by  Gawain. 

Dagonet,  the  fool,  whom  Gawain  in  his  mood 
Had  made  mock-knight  of  Arthur's  Table 

Round, 
At  Camelot, 

Last  Tournament. 

DAHOMEY. 

A  French  colony  on  the 
Guinea  coast  of  Africa.  The 
colony  represents  the  former 
native  kingdom  of  Dahomey, 
where  human  victims  were 
offered  in  sacrifice,  but  these 
were  prohibited  after  the  coun- 
try was  subdued  by  the  French 
in  1892. 

Head-hunters   and   boats   of   Dahomey   that 
float  upon  human  blood  ! 

The  Dawn. 

DAISY. 

Name  of  a  cow. 

Queen  Mary. 

DAISY. 

A  common  wild-flower. 
Two     Voices ;      Gardener's 


DAM] 


III 


[DAN 


Daughter ;  The  Daisy  ; 
City  Child  ;  In  Memoriam  ; 
Maud  ;  Lover's  Tale  ;  The 
Wreck;  The  Ring;  The 
Throstle  ;  Queen  Mary  ; 
Promise  of  May ;  The 
Foresters. 

DAMON. 

The  polish'd  Damon  of  your  pastoral  here, 
This  Dobson  of  your  idyll? 

A  goat-herd  in  Virgil's 
Eclogues. 

Promise  of  May. 
DAN. 

DANNY  O'ROON. 

The  lover  of  a  certain  Molly 
Magee.  They  agreed  to  meet 
on  the  morrow  at  a  chapel- 
door,  but  that  to-morrow  never 
came.  Years  afterwards  his 
body  was  found  in  a  peat  bog, 
perfectly  preserved.  Molly 
recognized  the  body  as  that  of 
her  former  lover  and  fell  dead 
by  his  side. 

Tomorrow. 
DANAE. 

An  Argive  princess,  daughter 
of  Acrisius  (q.v.),  king  of  Argos. 
She  was  confined  in  an  inacces- 
sible tower  of  brass  by  her 
father,  where  she  was  visited 
by  Jupiter  in  the  form  of  a 
shower  of  gold,  and  became  the 
mother  of  Perseus.  She  was 
then,  with  her  son,  cast  into  the 
sea,  but  was  rescued  by  a  fisher- 
man named  Dictys,  of  the 
island  of  Seriphos.  Polydectes, 
iing  of  the  island,  wished  her 
to  marry  him,  but  Perseus 
rescued  her,  and  took  her  back 
to  Greece. 


The  included  Dana6  has  escaped  again 
Her  tower,  and  her  Acrisius — where  to  seek  ? 
I  have  been  about  the  city. 

The  Princess  ;  Becket. 

DAN  AID. 

Danaus,  king  of  Argos,  had 
fifty  daughters,  called  the 
Danaids.  ^Egyptus,  brother 
of  Belus,  king  of  Egypt,  and 
his  fifty  sons  drove  Danaus  and 
his  fifty  daughters  from  Egypt 
into  Argos.  The  sons  of 
uEgyptus  subsequently  followed 
and  compelled  Danaus  to  give 
his  daughters  in  marriage.  At 
their  father's  command  they 
all  (with  one  exception),  mur- 
dered their  husbands  on  their 
wedding-night,  and  were  pun- 
ished in  Hades  by  having  to 
pour  water  everlastingly  into 
sieves. 

Let  not  your  prudence,  dearest,  drowse,  or 

prove 
The  Danaid  of  a  leaky  vase, 

The  heads  of  the  sons  of 
iEgyptus  were  buried  at  Argos  ; 
but  their  bodies  were  left  at 
Lerna,  where  they  had  been 
murdered. 

The  Princess. 

DANCE  OF  DEATH. 

An  allegorical  representation 
of  the  universal  power  of  death, 
dating  from  the  fourteenth 
century.  Frescoes  of  the  Dance 
of  Death  are  painted  on  the 
walls  of  the  Campo  Santo  at 
Pisa ;  on  the  walls  of  the 
Tower  of  London  ;  the  cloister 
of  St.  Paul's ;  the  Hungerford 
Chapel  at  Salisbury  Cathedral ; 
and  many  other  churches. 
Queen  Mary. 


St 


DAN] 


112 


[D! 


DAN  CHAUCER. 

Dan  Chaucer,  the  first  warbler,  whose 
sweet  breath 

Preluded  those  melodious  bursts  that  fill 
The  spacious  times  of  great  Elizabeth 

With  sounds  that  echo  still. 

Dan  is  a  title  of  honour  com- 
monly used  by  old  poets. 

Dream  of  Fair  Women. 

DANIEL. 

Refers  to  Daniel,  a  book  of 
the  Old  Testament. 

Sea  Dreams. 
DANIEL. 

Has  reference  to  Daniel,  the 
Hebrew  Prophet. 

Harold. 
DANNY. 
DANNY  O'ROON.      See  Dan. 

Tomorrow. 
DAN  SMITH. 

A  farm  labourer. 

Promise  of  May. 
DANTE. 

The  most  distinguished  of  the 
Italian  poets. 

Palace  of  Art. 
DANUBE. 

The  Danube  to  the  Severn  gave 
The  darken'd  heart  that  beat  no  more  ; 
They  laid  him  by  the  pleasant  shore, 

And  in  the  hearing  of  the  wave. 

Let  her  great  Danube  rolling  fair 
Enwind  her  isles,  unmark'd  of  me  : 
I  have  not  seen,  I  will  not  see 

Vienna ; 

Arthur  Henry  Hallam,  died 
at  Vienna  on  the  Danube,  and 
was  buried  at  Clevedon  on  the 
Severn. 

In  Memoriam. 

DARNLEY  BRIDGE. 

There  is  Darnley  bridge 
It'has  more  ivy  ; 

The  Brook. 
DARNLEY  CHASE. 

Then  crost  the  common  into  Damley  chase 
To  show  Sir  Arthur's  deer. 

The  Brook. 


DAUPHIN,  THE. 

The  title  of  the  eldest  I 
of  the  king  of  France,  and  Ij 
to  the  crown.  Since  the  jj 
volution  of  1830  the  title  j 
been  discontinued.  Mi 
queen  of  Scots,  was  mari 
to  the  dauphin  of  Francq 
1558,  who  for  a  year  (1559-J 
was  king  Frances  II. 

Queen  Mar<\ 

DAVID. 

King  David  called  the  heavens  a  hide, 
See  Psalm  civ.\ 

Columbm 
DAVID. 

They  say  the  gloom  of) 

Was  lightened  by  young  David's  harp    | 

See  Samuel  xvi.  . 


Queen  M\ 


DAVID. 


To  meet  him  ? 


And  no  Davi< 
See  Samuel  x 

Harol 


DAWES     (Jocky).      See     Jo 
Dawes. 

Walking  to  the  Ma. 

DEAD  INNOCENCE.   See  Toui 
ment  of  the  Dead  Innocent 

DEAD  MARCH. 

Hush,  the  Dead  March  wails  in  the  p*| 

ears  : 
The  dark  crowd  moves,  and  there  are  so 

tears : 

=a  funeral  march  in  Han 
Oratorio. 

Ode  on  the  death  of  the  i 
of  Wellint 

DEAN. 

An  ancient  royal  forest  ir 
west  of  Gloucestershire. 
Marriage  of  Geraint ; 
leas  and  Ettar. 


IB] 


113 


[DEN 


i;  BRITO. 

One    of    the    murderers    of 
Thomas  Becket. 

Becket. 

1;  BROC. 

;  of  Saltwood  Castle.  It  was  at 
;his  castle  that  the  four  knights 
:— murderers  of  Becket — stayed 
'"  lpon  their  arrival  in  England 
:rom  Normandy,  and  from 
:hence  proceeded  to  Canter- 
bury. 

Becket. 

.1SE. 

The  river  Dee ;  rises  in  Bala 
,  lake  in  Merionethshire  and  flows 

into  the  Irish  Sea.     The  ancient 
,,"Britons   considered   it   to   be   a 

sacred   river,   its   ancient   name 

Deva  meaning  divine. 

As  the  south-west  that  blowing  Bala  lake 
.  Fills  all  the  sacred  Dee. 

Geraint  and  Enid. 
I2ER. 

A     quadruped     of     several 
species,  as  the  stag,  the  fallow- 
-deer, the  reindeer,  etc. 

Talking  Oak  ;  Sir  Launce- 
lot  and  Queen  Guinevere ; 
The  Brook ;  Aylmer,s 
Field  ;  The  Princess  ;  The 
Victim;  Gareth andLynette; 
Last  Tournament  ;  Harold  ; 
Becket ;  The  Cup ;  The 
Foresters. 

&LIUS. 

A  surname  of  Apollo,  because 
he  was  born  at  Delos. 

Lucretius. 

MORVILLE. 

Hugh    de    Morville,    son    of 
Hugh  de  Morville,  of  Burgh- 


on-Sands,  and  one  who  took 
part  in  the  murder  of  Thomas 
Becket.  He  married  Helwis  de 
Stuteville  and  thus  inherited 
the  castle  of  Knaresborough. 
There  is  scant  evidence  as  to 
whether  he  actually  struck  the 
archbishop,  as  he  kept  back  the 
crowd  which  were  pouring  into 
the  cathedral.  After  the  mur- 
der he  rode  with  his  companions 
to  Saltwood  Castle,  and  thence 
to  Knaresborough,  where  he 
sheltered  his  fellow-murderers, 
and  finally  was  sent  by  the  pope 
to  the  Holy  Land  as  a  penance, 
after  which  he  regained  the 
royal  favour.  He  died  in  1204. 
Becket. 

DEMOS. 

Celtic  Demos  rose  a  Demon,  ' 

The  mob  of  France,  with 
Celtic  blood  in  their  veins. 

Locksley  Hall  Sixty  Tears 
After. 

DENIS. 

DENIS  OF  FRANCE. 

Bishop  of  Paris  and  patron 
saint  of  France.  One  of  the 
missionaries  sent  from  Rome  in 
the  third  century  to  convert 
the  Gauls.  By  order  of  the 
Roman  governor  he  was  tor- 
tured and  put  to  death  about 
270  A.D. 

Ay,  by  St.  Denis,  now  will  he  flame  out, 
And  lose  his  head  as  old  St.  Denis  did. 


Becket. 


DENMARK. 


The  King  of  France  is  with  us ;  the  King 
of  Denmark  is  with  us ;  the  world  is  with 
us — war  against  Spain  ! 

Queen  Mary. 

I 


L 


DER] 


114 


[DIC 


DERWENT. 

A  river  in  Derbyshire. 

Where  lie  the  Norsemen  ?   on  the  Derwent  ? 

ay 
At  Stamford-bridge. 

Harold. 
DESENZANO. 

Row  us  out  from  Desenzano,  to  your  Sirmione 

row  ! 
So  they  row'd,  and  there  we  landed — 

A  small  town  at  the  south- 
west angle  of  the  Lago  de  Garda 
in  Italy. 

Frater  Ave  Atque  Vale. 

DE  TRACY. 

William  de  Tracy,  one  of  the 
murderers  of  Thomas  Becket. 
He  was  the  first  to  approach  the 
archbishop,  and  struggled  be- 
fore the  altar  with  Becket  who 
dashed  him  on  the  pavement. 
He  is  considered  to  have  struck 
the  first  mortal  blow  which 
nearly  severed  the  arm  of  Ed- 
ward Grim — Becket's  cross- 
bearer  —  who  rushed  be- 
tween the  archbishop  and  De 
Tracy.  With  his  fellow-mur- 
derers he  rode  back  to  Salt- 
wood  Castle,  and  thence  to 
Knaresborough,  the  home  of 
de  Morville  ;  and  was  the  first 
of  the  four  to  surrender  him- 
self to  the  pope  ;  but  the  last 
to  set  out  for  the  Holy  Land. 
He  however  got  no  farther  than 
the  isle  of  Sicily,  where  he  was 
taken  ill  of  a  foul  disease  and 
died  in  1173,  praying  for  for- 
giveness. Becket. 

DEVILSTOW. 

He  bad  me  put  her  into  a  nunnery — 
Into  Godstow,  into  Hellstow,  Devilstow  ! 
The  Church  !  the  Church  ! 
God's  eyes ! 

Becket. 


DEVON.    See  Courtenay,  Earl  of 
Devon. 

DEVON  (County  of). 

Marriage  of  Geraint  ;  Ger- 
aint  and  Enid ;  The  Re- 
venge ;    Queen  Mary. 

DIAN.     See  Diana. 

The  Princess  ;   The  Foresters. 

DIANA. 

An  Italian  goddess,  the  dis- 
penser of  light,  identified  with 
theGreek  goddess  Artemis  (q.v.). 
She  was  a  virgin  goddess  repre- 
sented as  presiding  over  the 
open  country,  armed  with  a 
bent  bow  and  quiver  and 
attended  by  gods.  The  temple 
of  Diana  at  Ephesus  was  one 
of  the  seven  wonders  of  the 
world. 

but  also  that  the  temple  of  the  great  goddess 
Diana  should  be  despised,  and  her  magnifi- 
cence should  be  destroyed,  whom  all  Asia  and 
the  world  worshippeth. 

Acts  xix.  27. 

Literary  Squabbles  ;    The  Cup. 
DICK. 

Thim's    my    noations,    Sammy,    wheerby    I 

means  to  stick  ; 
But  if  thou  marries  a  bad  un,  I'll  leave  the 

land  to  Dick. — 

Son  of  a  northern  farmer,  who 
was  to  receive  the  lands  at  his 
father's  death,  if  his  brother 
married  '  a   bad  'un.' 

Northern  Farmer,  New  Style. 

DICK— DICKY. 

Son  of  a  north  of  England 
farmer.  When  young  his  life 
was  saved  by  their  faithful  dog 
*  Owd  Roa.' 

Owd  Rod. 
DICKON. 

look  ye,  here's  little  Dickon,  and  little  Robin, 
and  little  Jenny — 


DIC] 


US 


[DIO 


One  of  a  crowd  of  women  and 
children  collected  together  on 
London  Bridge. 

Queen  Mary. 

DICKON. 

One     of     the      three     pages 
attendant  on  queen  Mary. 
Queen  Mary. 
DIDO. 

Ilion  falling,   Rome  arising,   wars,  and  filial 
faith,  and  Dido's  pyre ; 

Daughter  of  Belus,  king  of 
Tyre.  Having  put  Sichaeus  to 
death  for  the  sake  of  his  wealth 
she  fled  to  Africa  and  founded 
Carthage.  Hairbas,  king  of  the 
Libyans,  made  suit  for  her  hand 
in  marriage,  but  in  order  to 
escape  him  she  erected  a  funeral 
pyre  and  stabbed  herself  in  the 
presence  of  her  subjects.  Ac- 
cording to  Virgil  she  fell  in  love 
with  iEneas,  who  fleeing  from 
Troy,  visited  Dido  at  Carthage, 
but  the  gods  ordered  him  to 
leave  her,  and  on  his  doing  so 
she  stabbed  herself  with  a  sword 
given  her  by  him.  When  Por- 
son,  the  celebrated  Greek 
scholar — who  boasted  he  could 
rhyme  on  any  subject,  was  asked 
to  rhyme  upon  the  three  Latin 
gerunds,  he  gave  this  couplet  : 

When  Dido  found  Eneas  would  not  come, 
She  mourned  in  silence,  and  was  Di-do  dum  (b). 
Brewer  :  Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fable. 

To  Virgil. 
DIES  ILLA. 

DIES  TRIE. 

let  'em  look  to  it, 
Cranmer  and  Hooper,  Ridley  and  Latimer, 
Rogers  and  Ferrar,  for  their  time  is  come. 
Their  hour  is  hard  at  hand,  their  '  dies  Ira,' 
Their  '  dies  Ilia,'  which  will  test  their  sect. 

Dies     Ilia  =  That     (awful) 


day.  Dies  Ira:  =  Day  of 
Wrath  ;  the  name  of  a  famous 
mediaeval  Latin  hymn  on  the  Last 
Judgment,  the  opening  lines  of 
which  are  : 

Dies  ira,  dies  ilia, 

Solvet  sasclum,  in  favilla 

Teste  David  cum  sybilla. 

The  day  of  wrath,  that  dreadful  day 

Shall  all  the  world  in  ashes  lay, 

As  David  and  the  sybils  say. 

The  hymn  is  supposed  to 
have  been  written  by  Thomas 
de  Celano,  a  Franciscan  friar 
of  the  thirteenth  century. 
Macaulay's  version  of  the  lines 


On  that  great,  that  awful  day, 
This  vain  world  shall  pass  away, 
Thus  the  sibyl  sang  of  old. 


Queen  Mary. 


DIET. 

Yet  while  they  rode  together  down  the  plain. 
Their  talk  was  all  of  training,  terms  of  art, 
Diet  and  seeling,  jesses,  leash  and  lure. 

Has  reference  to  the  feeding 
of  hawks,  which  was  an  import- 
ant matter  in  their  manage- 
ment. 

Merlin  and  Vivien. 

DIM  SAESNEG. 

The  Shepherd,  when  I  speak, 
Failing  a  sudden  eyelid  with  his  hard 
'  Dim  Saesneg  '  passes,  wroth  at  things  of  old — 

Two   Welsh   words    meaning 
*  no   Saxon  '  and  '  no  English.' 
Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cobham. 
DIOTIMA. 

A  Mantineia  priestess,  the 
teacher  of  Socrates.  Socrates 
was  put  to  death  by  poison  in 
399  b.c.  on  a  charge  of  teaching 
atheistic  and  immoral  doctrines. 
The  usual  method  of  inflicting 
the  death  penalty  in  Athens  at 
that  period  was  by  a  decoction 
of  the  hemlock. 


DIR] 


116 


[DOR 


beneath  an  emerald  plane 
Sits  Diotima,  teaching  him  that  died 
Of  hemlock ; 

The  Princess. 

DIRCE. 

Wife  of  Lycus,king  of  Thebes, 
who  for  her  ill-treatment  of 
Antiope,  her  divorced  pre- 
decessor, was  by  Antiope's  two 
sons — Amphion  (y-^-)  and 
Zethus — tied  to  the  tail  of  a 
wild  bull,  which  dragged  her 
about,  until  the  gods,  pitying 
her  sufferings,  changed  her  into 
a  fountain,  which  bore  her  name 
ever  after. 

Tiresias. 

DIVES. 

When  Dives  loathed  the  times,  and    paced 
his  land 

In  fear  of  worse, 
And  sanguine  Lazarus  felt  a  vacant  hand 

Fill  with  his  purse. 

The  name  given  to  the  rich 
man  in  the  parable  of  the  Rich 
Man   and   Lazarus.     Luke  xvi. 
To  Mary  Boyle. 

DOBBINS  (Dobson). 

Promise  of  May. 

DOBSON. 

A  farmer,  in  love  with  Dora, 
daughter  of  farmer  Steer. 

Promise  of  May. 

DOE. 

The  female  of  the  fallow- 
deer. 

The  Foresters  ;  Lady  Clare. 

DON. 

'  We  be  all  good  English  men. 
Let  us  bang  these  dogs  of  Seville,  the  children 

of  the  devil, 
For  I  never  turn'd  my  back  upon  Don    or 

devil  yet.' 

A  Spanish  title. 

The  Revenge. 


DON  CARLOS.    See  Carlos. 
DONOVAN'S  WAKE. 

An'  he  ped  me  back  wid  the  best  he  could 
give  at  ould  Donovan's  wake — 

A  wake  is  a  festival  held  on 
the  anniversary  of  a  patron 
saint,  especially  in  Ireland. 

Tomorrow. 

DOON  (Bonny).    See  Bonny  Doon. 

DOORM. 

A  russet-bearded  earl  who 
tried  to  make  Enid  his  mistress ; 
and  because  she  would  not  con- 
sent smote  her  on  the  cheek ; 
whereupon  her  husband,  Sir 
Geraint,  cut  off  his  head  with 
one  stroke  of  his  sword. 

Take  my  salute,'  unknightly  with  flat  hand, 
However  lightly,  smote  her  on  the  cheek. 
Then  Enid, 

»  *  * 

Sent  forth  a  sudden  sharp  and  bitter  cry, 
*  «  * 

This  heard  Geraint,  and  grasping  at  his  sword, 
(It  lay  beside  him  in  the  hollow  shield), 
Made  but  a  single  bound,  and  with  a  sweep  of 

it 
Shore  thro'  the  swarthy  neck,  and  like  a  ball 
The  russet-bearded  head  roll'd  on  the  floor. 

Geraint  and  Enid. 

DORA. 

A  niece  of  farmer  Allan. 

Dora. 

DORA. 
DORA  STEER. 

Daughter  of  farmer  Steer, 
and  sister  of  Eva  {q.v.) 

Promise  of  May. 

DORMOUSE. 

A  rodent,  so-called  because 
they  are  usually  torpid  in 
winter.  It  is  allied  to  the 
mouse,  and  resembles  the 
squirrel  in  habits. 

The  Window. 


DOR] 


117 


[DUB 


DORSET— DORSETSHIRE 

(County  of). 

First  Quarrel. 

DOVE. 

A  pigeon. 

Supposed  Confessions  of  a 
Second-rate  Sensitive  Mind  ; 
Miller' 's  Daughter  ;  Gar- 
dener's Daughter's  Walk- 
ing to  the  Mail ;  Locksley 
Hall ;  Lucretius ;  The 
Princess ;  The  Window ; 
In  Memoriam  ;  Maud  ;  To 
E.  Fitzgerald ;  Progress  of 
Spring ;    Harold ;     Becket. 

DOVER. 

A  seaport  in  Kent. 
Queen  Mary  ;  Harold  ; 

Becket. 

DRAGON. 

Inn  sign. 

Slip-shod  waiter,  lank  and  sour, 
At  the  Dragon  on  the  heath  ! 

Let  us  have  a  quiet  hour, 
Let  us  hob-and-nob  with  Death. 

Vision  of  Sin. 

DRAGON-FLY. 

An     insect     of     the     family 
lihellula. 

Two  Voices ;    Marriage  of 
Geraint ;    Lover's    Tale. 

DRAGON  OF  THE  GREAT  PEN- 
DRAGONSHIP. 

And  while  he  spake  to  these  his  helm  was 

lower'd, 
To  which  for  crest  the  golden  dragon  clung 
Of  Britain ;  so  she  did  not  see  the  face, 
Which  then  was  an  angel's,  but  she  saw, 
Wet  with  the  mists  and  smitten  by  the  lights, 
The  Dragon  of  the  great  Pendragonship 
Blaze,  making  all  the  night  a  steam  of  fire. 

The  crest  of  Arthur's  helmet, 
nser  describes  it  thus : 


Spe 


His  haughtie  Helmet,  horrid  all  with  god, 
Both  glorious  brightnesse  and  great  terrour 

bredd : 
For  all  the  crest  a  Dragon  did  enfold 


With  greedie  pawes,  and  over  all  did  spredd 
His  golden  winges  :  his  dreadfull  hideous  hedd 
Close  couched  on  the  bever,  seemed  to  throw 
From  flaming  mouth   bright  sparckles  fiery 

redd, 
That  suddeine   horrour   to   faint   hartes   did 

show ; 
And  scaly  tayle  was  stretcht  adowne  his  back 

full  low. 

Spenser :   Faerie  Queene,  Book  I.  Canto  vii. 

Guinevere. 
DRAGON'S  MOUTH. 

And  made  West  East,  and  sail'd  the  Dragon's 
mouth, 

The  passage  between  the 
island  of  Trinidad  and  the 
peninsula  of  Paria,  South 
America.  In  the  rainy  months 
of  July  and  August  the  impetu- 
ous body  of  water  which  flows 
through  the  gulf  of  Paria 
renders  the  entrance  and  exit 
extremely  dangerous  to  naviga- 
tion. 

Columbus. 

DRUID. 

A  priest  among  the  ancient 
Celtic  nations,  particularly  of 
Gaul  and  Britain. 

Boadicea. 

DRUIDESS. 

A  prophetess,  or  a  female 
Druid. 

Boadicea. 

DRYAD-LIKE. 

And  when  my  marriage  morn  may  fall, 

She,  Dryad-like,  shall  wear 
Alternate  leaf  and  acorn-ball 

In  wreath  about  her  hair. 

In     Greek     mythology     the 
Dryads  were  nymphs  who  were 
supposed  to  dwell  in  the  forests. 
Talking  Oak. 

DUBRIC, 

or  Dubritius,  archbishop  of 
Caerleon-upon-Usk  ;  the  '  City 
of    Legions,'    and    primate    of 


DUD] 


118 


[EAG 


Britain.     Geoffrey     of     Mon- 
mouth says  : 

He  was  primate  of  Britain,  was  so  eminent 
for  his  piety,  that  he  could  cure  any  sick  per- 
son by  his  prayers. 

Tennyson  calls  him  '  Dubric 
the  high  saint,'  and  he  is  men- 
tioned on  the  occasion  of  the 
marriage  of  king  Arthur  and 
Guinevere  ;  and  also  as  having 
set  the  crown  on  the  head  of 
Arthur    at    Caerleon-upon-Usk. 

To  whom  arrived,  by  Dubric  the  high  saint, 
Chief  of  the  Church  in  Britain,  and  before 
The  stateliest  of  her  altar-shrines,  the  King 
That  morn  was  married, 

Coming  of  Arthur. 
And  all  that  week  was  old  Caerleon  gay, 
For  by  the  hands  of  Dubric,  the  high  saint, 
They  twain  were  wedded  with  all  ceremony. 
Marriage  of  Geraint. 

Coming  of  Arthur ;  Mar- 
riage of  Geraint ;  Geraint 
and  Enid. 

DUDLEY  (Guildford).    See  Guild- 
ford Dudley. 

DUGLAS. 

The  scene  of  four  Arthurian 
battles.  The  Duglas  is  said  to 
be  the  river  Douglas  in  Lan- 
cashire which  falls  into  the 
estuary  of  the  Ribble.  Other 
authorities  consider  it  is  a 
stream  in  Lennox,  which  falls 
into  Loch  Lomond. 

And  in  the  four  loud  battles  by  the  shore 
Of  Duglas  ; 

Lancelot  and  Elaine. 

DUMBLE. 

Name  of  a  cow. 

Queen  Mary. 

DUNSTAN. 

Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
born  at  Glastonbury  in  924. 
In  945  he  was  made  abbot  of 
Glastonbury  by  king  Edmund, 


and  soon  made  the  monastery 
famous  as  a  seat  of  learning. 
King  Edgar  created  him  bishop 
of  Worcester,  and  afterwards 
bishop  of  London.  In  959, 
consequent  on  the  death  of 
Edwy,  Edgar  became  king  of 
the  whole  of  England  and  he 
made  Dunstan  archbishop  of 
Canterbury.  He  died  in  958 
and  was  afterwards  canonized. 
Harold. 
DURHAM  (Dean  of). 

Queen  Mary. 

DWARF-ELM. 

An  elm  which  is  much  below 
the  ordinary  size  of  its  species- 
or  kind. 

Pelleas  and  Ettarre. 

DYFLEN. 

=Dublin. 

Shaping  their  way  toward  Dyflen  again, 
Shamed  in  their  souls. 

Battle  of  Brunanburh. 

EAGLE. 

A  rapacious  bird  of  the  genus 
Falco. 

Palace  of  Art ;  Golden 
Year ;  Godiva  ;  The  Prin- 
cess ;  Ode  on  the  Death 
of  the  Duke  of  Wellington  ; 
Boddicea  ;  In  Memoriam  ; 
Coming  of  Arthur  ;  Gareth 
and  Lynette ;  Merlin  and 
Vivien  ;  Last  Tournament  ? 
Montenegro ;  Battle  of 
Brunanburh  ;  The  Wreck; 
Opening  of  the  Indian  and. 
Colonial  Exhibition. 

EAGLE-OWL. 

A  genus  of  large  owls. 

Gareth  and  Lynette. 


EDE] 


II9 


[EDI 


EDEN. 

Two  Voices ;  Gardener's 
Daughter  ;  Locksley  Hall  ; 
Day-Dream ;  Enoch  Ar- 
den ;  The  Princess ;  The 
Islet ;  Milton ;  In  Me- 
moriam  ;  Maud  ;  Geraint 
and  Enid  ;  Lover's  Tale  ; 
Happy  ;    The  Foresters. 

EDEN-ISLES. 

The  Philippine  islands. 

To  Ulysses. 

EDGAR  (the  Atheling). 

A  Saxon  prince,  and  grand- 
son of  Edmund  Ironside  ;  was 
proclaimed  king  of  England 
after  the  death  of  Harold  at 
the  battle  of  Senlac,  but  was 
kept  out  of  the  throne  by  the 
Conqueror.  He  made  two  un- 
successful attempts  to  over- 
throw William,  and  compelled 
to  leave  the  country  took  refuge 
with  Malcolm,  king  of  Scotland, 
who  married  Edgar's  sister 
Margaret.  Embracing  the 
cause  of  Robert,  duke  of  Nor- 
mandy against  Rufus,  he  was 
driven  from  Scotland  and  went 
with  Baldwin  II,  to  the  Cru- 
sades ;  was  finally  taken  prisoner 
in  1 106  when  fighting  for  duke 
Robert  against  his  brother 
Henry  I.  He  died  in  obscurity. 
Harold. 

EDGAR  (afterwards  Mr.  Harold). 
See  Eva.  Promise  of  May. 

EDITH. 

Eadgyth  Swanneshals  (Edith 
of  the  Swan's  neck) ;  ward  of 
king  Edward  the  Confessor,  and 


afterwards  the  mistress  of  king 
Harold.  After  the  battle  of 
Senlac  she  went  in  search  of  the 
body  of  Harold  and  found  it 
underneath  a  heap  of  slain. 
Harold. 

EDITH.    See  Alymer. 

Aylmer's  Field. 

EDITH. 

Wife  of  the  impetuous  boy 
lover  mentioned  in  Locksley 
Hall.  Years  brought  recon- 
ciliation to  him,  and  a  stronger, 
deeper  and  more  reasonable 
love  for  Edith. 

She  with  all  the  charm  of  woman,  she  with  all 

the  breadth  of  man, 
Strong  in  will  and  rich  in  wisdom,  Edith,  yet 

so  lowly-sweet, 
Woman  in  her  inmost  heart,  and  woman  to 

her  tender  feet.' 

Locksley  Hall  Sixty  Tears 
After. 

EDITH. 

One  of  two  sisters — the  other 
being  Evelyn — both  of  whom 
were  loved  by  the  same  man, 
who  eventually  married  Evelyn, 
Edith  being  bridesmaid.  Dur- 
ing the  wedding  ceremony  she 
was  pale  and  statuelike,  and 
spoke  no  word  at  parting.  Her 
grief  at  her  sister's  marriage 
with  her  former  lover,  was  so 
great  that  she  died  soon  after- 
wards. 

Sisters  {Evelyn  and  Edith). 

EDITH. 

EDITH  MONTFORT. 

Betrothed  to  Ralph  who  took 
part  in  the  tournament,  and 
earned  great  praise  from  his 
king.    At  the  conclusion  of  the 


EDM] 


1 20 


[EDW 


tournament      Edith      crowned 
Ralph 

and  flush'd  as  red 
As  poppies  when  she  crown'd  it. 

The  Tourney. 

EDMUND. 

Brother  of  Lawrence  Aylmer. 
On  account  of  ill  health  he  went 
to  the  warm  climate  of  Italy, 
but  the  journey  was  taken  when 
it  was  too  late  to  save  his  life. 
Poetry  and  not  money-making 
was  what  he  cared  for  : 

One  whom  the  strong  sons  of  the  world  despise  ; 
For  lucky  rhymes  to  him  were  scrip  and  share, 
And  mellow  metres  more  than  cent  for  cent ; 

*  *  * 

'  Poor  lad,  he  died  at  Florence,  quite  worn  out, 
Travelling  to  Naples.' 

The  Brook. 

EDMUND  ATHELING. 

King  of  the  Mercians  and 
West  Saxons,  son  of  Edward 
the  Elder ;  was  present  at  the 
battle  of  Brunanburh  in  937, 
where  he  and  his  brother  Athel- 
stan  (q.v.)  gained  a  decisive 
victory  over  Anlaf  the  Dane, 
Constantine  of  Scotland  and 
the  Northumbrian  Danes ;  suc- 
ceeded his  brother  in  941.  On 
May  26,  946,  an  outlaw  named 
Leof  slipped  into  the  banquet  - 
ing-hall  of  Edmund,  who  was 
celebrating  the  festival  of  St. 
Augustine  at  Pucklechurch  in 
Gloucester.  The  king  endea- 
voured to  remove  him,  where- 
upon the  outlaw  stabbed  him 
with  a  dagger  (922-946). 

Battle  of  Brunanburh. 

EDMUND  IRONSIDE.    See  Eng- 
lish Ironside. 


EDMUND  (Saint). 

King  of  the  East  Angles. 
Son  of  king  Alkmund  of  Saxony, 
he  was  adopted  by  Offa,  king 
of  the  East  Angles  as  his  heir, 
and  succeeded  855.  In  870, 
during  the  Danish  invasion,  he 
was  defeated  at  Hoxne,  and, 
being  captured  by  the  Danes  was 
beheaded  on  refusing  to  re- 
nounce Christianity.  He  was 
buried  at  Hoxne,  but  his  re- 
mains were  afterwards  trans- 
lated to  Bury  St.  Edmunds. 
He  was  subsequently  canonized 
(841-870). 

Harold. 

EDWARD  (the  Confessor). 

King  of  England  and  the  elder 
son  of  Ethelred  the  Unready  ; 
born  at  Islip,  Oxfordshire ; 
married  Edith,  daughter  of  the 
great  earl  Godwin,  and  suc- 
ceeded to  the  throne  in  1042. 
The  greater  part  of  his  life  was 
spent  in  Normandy.  He  was 
a  pious  and  peaceful  man,  but 
a  feeble  monarch.  He  died  in 
1066  and  was  buried  in  West- 
minster Abbey.  In  1161  he 
was  canonized  by  Alexander 
III  ( 1 004-1 066). 

Harold. 

EDWARD  (the  Elder). 

King  of  the  Anglo-Saxons 
(921-925).  He  was  the  eldest 
son  and  successor  of  Alfred  the 
Great,  and  most  of  his  reign 
was  spent  in  war  with  the  Danes, 
regaining  from  them  the  greater 
portion  of  central  England. 
Battle  of  Brunanburh. 


EDW] 


121 


[EDW 


EDWARD  (the  First). 

Surnamed    Longshanks,    king 
of  England,  eldest  son  of  Henry 
III,    born    at    Westminster    in 
1239,   ascended   the   throne   in 
1272,      married       Eleanor      of 
Castile.     He    came    first    into 
prominence    in    the    war    with 
the  Barons,  whom  he  defeated 
at    Evesham ;     joined   the   last 
Crusade   in    1270,    and    distin- 
guished  himself   at   Acre ;    re- 
turned to   England  in  1274  to 
assume  the  crown,  having  been 
two      years      previously      pro- 
claimed king.     Under  his  reign 
Wales  was  finally  subdued  and 
annexed  to  England,  and  during 
the  latter  part  of  his  reign  was 
largely     engaged     in     Scottish 
affairs,   winning   the    battle   of 
Falkirk  in  1298,  and  seven  years 
later    captured    and    executed 
Wallace.     Some     years     previ- 
ously Edward  had,  along  with 
queen  Eleanor,  visited  Glaston- 
bury and   taken   away  as   relics 
the   skulls  of  king   Arthur  and 
queen    Guinevere,    which    had 
been  found  buried  in  Glaston- 
bury Abbey.    He  died  in  1307 
at   Burgh-on-sands  while  lead- 
ing   an    army    against    Robert 
Bruce. 

Queen  Mary. 

EDWARD  (the  Third). 

King  of  England,  born  at 
Windsor  1312,  son  of  Edward 
II  whom  he  succeeded  in 
1327.  During  his  boyhood  the 
government  was  carried  on  by 
regency.     In    ^328     the    inde- 


pendence of  Scotland  was  recog- 
nized, but  the  principal  event 
of  his  reign  was  the  beginning 
of  the  Hundred  Years'  War  with 
France.      In  1340  Edward  de- 
feated    the     French     fleet     at 
Sluys,  one  of   the  earliest    vic- 
tories of  English  arms  at  sea  ; 
on  August  26,  1346,  he  routed 
the    French    forces    at    Cre?y  ; 
and    in    October   of   the    same 
year    queen    Philippa    defeated 
the    Scots — who    had     invaded 
England — at     Neville's     Cross. 
In      1347     Edward      captured 
Calais,  but  the  ravages  of  the 
black  death  in  the  succeeding 
year   stopped   hostilities    for   a 
time.      In    1355    the   war   was 
resumed,  and  in  the  following 
year   the   Black   Prince   won   a 
brilliant     victory     at     Poitiers. 
By   the   peace   of   Bretigny   in 
1 360  Calais,  Ponthieu,  Gas  cony 
and    the    greater    part    of    the 
duchy  of  Aquitaine  were  added 
to    the    English    crown.    War 
broke  out  again  in  1369,  but  it 
proved  disastrous    to    England, 
involving   as   it   did   the   with- 
drawal of  Edward's  claim  to  the 
French     crown.       The      Black 
Prince  died  in  1376,  and  twelve 
months     later     Edward     died, 
having  reigned  fifty  years.     It 
was  during  this  reign  that  the 
Lords   and   Commons   first   sat 
in  different  chambers  and  the 
Order    of     the    Garter    insti- 
tuted. 

On    the   Jubilee   of   Queen 
Victoria. 


EDW] 


122 


[EDW 


EDWARD  (the  Fourth). 

King  of  England,  son  of 
Richard,  duke  of  York,  born 
1442.  He  succeeded  the  Lan- 
castrian Henry  VI  in  1461, 
whom  he  defeated  at  Towton. 
The  chief  event  of  his  reign 
was  the  War  of  the  Roses,  the 
Yorkists  gaining  victories  at 
Hedgeley  Moor,  Hexham,  Bar- 
net  and  Tewkesbury.  During 
his  reign  Caxton  introduced 
the  printing  press.  He  died  in 
1483. 

Queen  Mary. 

EDWARD  (the  Sixth). 

King  of  England,  son  of 
Henry  VIII  and  Jane  Seymour, 
born  1537.  Being  only  nine 
years  old  at  his  succession,  the 
government  was  carried  on  by 
regency  under  the  earl  of  Hert- 
ford and  later  the  duke  of 
Somerset.  His  reign  was 
marked  by  a  victory  over  the 
Scots  at  Pinkie  in  1547,  and 
in  1549  the  first  Prayer  Book 
of  Edward  VI  was  issued.  In 
the  same  year  Somerset  was 
deposed  from  the  protectorate, 
and  Warwick,  who  in  1551  had 
become  duke  of  Northumber- 
land became  supreme,  and  had 
Somerset  executed  in  January 
1552.  In  the  same  year  the 
second  Prayer  Book  of  Edward 
VI — which  was  of  a  more  re- 
formed type  than  the  first — 
was  issued,  as  well  as  the  forty- 
two  articles  embodying  the 
doctrines  of  the  Church.  By 
the  advice  of  Northumberland 


he  left  the  crown  to  lady  Jane 
Grey.  He  died  in  1553,  having 
reigned  only  six  years. 

Queen  Mary. 
EDWARD. 

Christian  name. 

Locksley  Hall  Sixty   Tears 
After. 
EDWARD  BULL. 

A  curate  friend  of  Edwin 
Morris,  who  was  spending  a 
holiday  by  a  lake. 

Edwin  Morris. 

EDWARD  GRAY. 

The  lover  of  Ellen  Adair, 
who  on  account  of  her  shyness , 
which  he  mistook  for  coldness  y 
left  her,  and  went  across  the 
sea.  On  his  return  he  found 
she  had  pined  and  died.  He 
reproached  himself  for  his  treat- 
ment of  her,  and 

will  love  no  more,  no  more  , 
Till  Ellen  Adair  come  back  to  me. 

Edward,  Gray. 

EDWARD  HEAD. 

The  subject  of  a  conversation 
between  two  men  walking  to 
the  mail.  He  left  his  country 
house  and  went  abroad,  vex'd 
with  a  melancholy  that  pos- 
sessed him  like  an  evil  spirit. 

'  sick  of  home  went  overseas  for  change.' 

Walking  to  the  Mail. 

EDWIN. 

The  absent  lover  of  one  of 
two  sisters,  who  had  gone  on  a 
voyage  to 

'  those  islands  of  the  Blest ! 

While  he  was  away  her  father 
planned   a   marriage   which   to 


EDW] 


123 


[EGL 


her  was  loathsome,  and  in  order 
to  avoid  it,  the  two  sisters 
decided  to  fly  away  together. 

O  would  I  were  in  Edwin's  arms — once  more 

— to  feel  his  breath, 
Upon    my    cheek — on     Edwin's   ship,    with 

Edwin,  ev'n  in  death, 

The  Flight. 

EDWIN. 

Earl  of  Mercia,  son  of  Alfgar, 
whom  he  succeeded  in  1062 ; 
joined  his  brother  Morcar  in  his 
revolt  against  earl  Tostig,  and 
was  defeated  by  the  Norsemen, 
under  Hardrada  at  Fulford 
Gate,  near  York,  September  20, 
1066.  After  the  battle  of  Sen- 
lac  he  opposed  the  Conqueror, 
and  made  his  last  stand  in 
person  on  the  banks  of  the  river 
Weaver,  near  Nantwich,  but 
being  defeated,  surrendered, 
made  submission  to  William 
and  was  pardoned.  In  1071 
he  joined  the  insurrection  in 
the  Isle  of  Ely  under  Hereward 
the  Wake,  and  met  his  death  on 
his  way  to  the  *  Camp  of 
Refuge.' 

Harold. 

EDWIN. 

EDWIN  MORRIS. 

A  man  skilled  in  botany  and 
geology,  a  poet,  and  with 
various  other  accomplishments. 

he  seem'd 
All-perfect,  finish'd  to  the  finger  nail. 

He  made  the  friendship  of  a 
man  who  had  intended  to  spend 
a  holiday  by  the  lake,  but  being 
disappointed  in  his  love  affair, 

left  Edwin,  nor  have  seen 
Him  since,  nor  heard  of  her,  nor  cared  to  hear. 

Edwin  Morris. 


EDYRN. 

Son  of  Nudd,  and  nephew  of 
earl  Yniol.  He  was  a  mali- 
cious man,  and  was  called  the 

1  sparrow-hawk.' 

And  toppling  over  all  antagonism 

Had  earn'd  himself  the  name  of  sparrow-hawk 

He  ousted  his  uncle  from 
his  earldom  and  attempted  to 
win  his  daughter  Enid,  but 
was  unsuccessful.  Being  over- 
thrown in  a  tournament  by  sir 
Geraint,  he  was  compelled  to 
restore  the  earldom  to  Yniol, 
after  which  he  was  sent  to  the 
court  of  Arthur,  and  became 
a  reformed  character. 

Marriage  of  Geraint  ; 
Geraint  and  Enid. 

EFFIE. 

Sister  to  the  '  Queen  of  the 
May  '  (q.v.). 

Little  Effie  shall  go  with  me  to-morrow  to  the 

green, 
And  you'll  be  there,  too,  mother,  to  see  me 

made  the  Queen ; 


May  Queen. 


EGBERT. 


These  old  pheasant-lords, 
These  partridge-breeders  of  a  thousand  years, 
Who  had  mildew'd  in  their  thousands,  doing 

nothing 
Since  Egbert — why,  the  greater  their  disgrace  ! 

Has  reference  to  Egbert,  king 
of  the  West  Saxons. 

liner's  Field. 


Ayh 


EGLANTINE. 

A  name  given  to  the  sweet- 
brier,  and  some  other  species  of 
rose.  Milton  seems  to  have 
applied  the  name  to  some 
twining  plant — 

Through  the  sweet-briar  or  the  vine, 
Or  the  twisted  eglantine. 

Milton:    V Allegro,  47~48. 

The  Window  ;  Lover's  Tale. 


EGL] 


124 


[ELE 


EGLATERE. 

= Eglantine. 

A  Dirge. 

EGYPT. 

Dream  of  Fair  Women ; 
The  Princess ;  To  Pro- 
fessor J  ebb  ;  Becket  ;  The 
Cup  ;  Promise  of  May  ; 
Columbus. 

ELAINE. 

The  'lily  maid  of  Astolat,' 
daughter  of  king  Pelles,  and 
mother  of  Galahad,  son  of 
Lancelot ;  a  lady  at  the  court 
of  king  Arthur  in  love  with 
Lancelot,  whose  shield  she  had 
in  her  charge. 

Elaine  the  fair,  Elaine  the  loveable, 
Elaine,  the  lily  maid  of  Astolat, 
High  in  her  chamber  up  a  tower  to  the  east 
Guarded  the  sacred  shield  of  Lancelot : 

When  Lancelot  claimed  the 
shield  and  bid  the  damsel  good- 
bye she  confessed  her  love  for 
him ;  but  being  told  by  Sir 
Lancelot  that  his  love  was 
another's,  she  pined  and  died. 
According  to  her  dying  request 
her  dead  body  was  placed  on  a 
bed  in  a  barge,  with  a  letter 
in  her  right  hand,  and,  thus 
conveyed  to  the  palace  of  king 
Arthur.  The  letter,  telling  of 
her  love  for  Lancelot  was 
handed  to  the  king  who  ordered 
her  story  to  be  blazoned  on  her 
tomb. 

And  while  my  body  is  hot,  let  this  letter 
be  put  in  my  right  hand,  and  my  hand  bound 
fast  with  the  letter  until  that  I  be  cold  and 
let  me  be  put  in  a  fair  bed  .  .  .  and  so  let 
my  bed  ...  be  laid  with  me  in  a  chariot 
unto  the  next  place  where  Thames  is,  and 
there  let  me  be  put  within  a  barget, 

Malory:  Morte  a" 'Arthur,  Book  XVIII. 
chap.  xix. 

When     the     barget     arrived 


before  the  king,  he  took  the 
latter  and  brake  it  and  made 
a  clerk  to  read  it  :  this  being 
the  substance  of  the  letter  : 

Most  noble  knight,  Sir  Launcelot,  now 
hath  death  made  us  two  at  debate  for  your 
love  ;  I  was  your  lover,  that  men  called  the 
fair  maiden  of  Astolat ;  therefore  unto  all 
ladies  I  make  my  moan ;  yet  pray  for  my 
soul,  and  bury  me  at  the  least  and  offer  ye 
my  mass-penny.  This  is  my  last  request. 
And  a  clean  maiden  I  died,  I  take  God  to 
witness.  Pray  for  my  soul,  Sir  Launcelot, 
as  thou  art  peerless. 

Malory :  Morte  a" Arthur,  Book  XVIII. 
chap.  xx. 

Lancelot  and  Elaine. 

ELBURZ. 

A  mountain  range  in  North 
Persia,  south  of  the  Caspian. 
A   Welcome   to   Her   Royal 
Highness  Marie  Alexandrov- 
na,  Duchess  of  Edinburgh. 

ELEANOR. 

of  Aquitaine,  daughter  of  duke 
William  X  of  Aquitaine ; 
married  Louis  VII  of  France, 
1 1 37,  divorced  1152,  and  in  the 
following  year  married  Henry, 
count  of  Anjou  and  duke  of 
Normandy,  afterwards  Henry 
II  of  England.  Became  jealous 
of  Henry  on  account  of  his 
paramour  the  '  fair  Rosamund,' 
whom  she  poisoned.  For  ex- 
citing her  sons  to  rebel  against 
their  father  she  was  imprisoned 
for  sixteen  years,  released  on 
the  accession  of  Richard  I,  and 
in  his  absence  in  the  Holy  Land 
was  made  regent.  She  died  a 
nun  in  the  Abbey  of  Fonte- 
vrault  in  1204. 

Dream    of    Fair    Women ; 
Becket. 

eleAnore. 

Eleanore. 


ELE] 


125 


[ELL 


ELEUSIS. 

A  town  in  ancient  Attica, 
north-west  of  Athens.  It  pos- 
sessed a  famous  temple  for  the 
worship  of  Demeter,  and  was 
the  scene  of  an  annual  festival 
lasting  nine  days  held  in  honour 
of  Demeter  and  Persephone. 
The  Greek  Archaeological 
Society  a  few  years  ago  dis- 
covered the  remains  of  some  of 
its  famous  buildings. 

Demeter  and  Persephone. 

ELF. 

A  supernatural  being,  much 
like  a  fairy,  supposed  to  haunt 
hills  and  wild  places. 

Every  elf  and  fairy  sprite, 
Hop  as  light  as  bird  from  brier ; 
Shakespeare :    Midsummer-Night's  Dream, 
Act  V.  Scene  »'. 

The  Foresters. 
ELISABETTA. 

Nurse  to  count  Federigo 
degli  Alberighi. 

The  Falcon. 

ELIZABETH. 

Queen  of  England,  and  only 
child  of  Henry  VIII  and  Anne 
Boleyn,  born  at  Greenwich, 
1533.  She  was  educated  in  the 
Protestant  religion,  and  in  the 
reign  of  Mary  was  sent  to  the 
Tower,  afterwards  to  Wood- 
stock, where  she  was  kept  till 
1555,  being  then  taken  to  the 
royal  palace  at  Hatfield.  On 
the  death  of  Mary  in  1558  she 
was  proclaimed  queen,  and  four 
years  later  refused  the  offer  of 
Philip  II  of  Spain  (husband 
of  Mary)  of  marriage.  In 
1 561  Mary,  queen  of  the  Scots, 
claimed    to     be    Mary's    suc- 


cessor, but  being  defeated  at 
Langside,  fled  to  England  and 
was  confined  by  Elizabeth  in 
Tutbury  castle,  and  on  the 
charge  of  conspiracy  was  be- 
headed. Pope  Pius  V  in  1570 
issued  a  bull  excommunicating 
the  queen,  an  act  which  was 
immediately  answered  by  the 
enactment  of  penal  statutes 
against  the  Roman  Catholics. 
The  chief  event  of  her  reign 
occurred  in  1588,  when  Philip 
of  Spain  sent  against  England 
his  Armada,  to  which  the 
pope  had  given  the  appellation 
of  Invincible — which  was  de- 
feated by  Drake  and  Hawkins. 
She  died  in  1603. 

Dream    of    Fair    Women  ; 

The  Princess  ;  Queen  Mary, 

ELIZABETH  (Aunt). 

■  To  the  Abbey  :  there  is  Aunt  Elizabeth 
And  sister  Lilia  with  the  rest.' 

Aunt  to  Walter,  son  of  sir 
Walter  Vivian,  who  lived  at 
Maidstone  Park.  At  the  time 
of  speaking,  Elizabeth  with 
others,  was  spending  the  day 
at  the  house  of  sir  Walter 
Vivian,  where  a  festival  was- 
being  held. 

The  Princess. 

ELLEN. 

An  Isle  of  Wight  girl,  who 
told  the  story  of  her  unhappy 
life  to  a  sympathetic  doctor. 
When  quite  young  she  was  the 
sweetheart  of  a  boy  of  the  same 
village.  When  the  boy — 
Harry — was  grown  up,  a  farmer 
relative  sent  for  him  to  work, 
on  his  farm.     He  said  good-bye 


ELL] 


126 


[ELY 


to  Ellen,  went  to  Dorsetshire, 
and  while  there  got  into  trouble 
with  another  girl.  He  returned, 
and  on  Christmas  Day  married 
Ellen.  Work  was,  however,  scant 
in  the  Isle,  so  Harry  crossed 
the  Solent  in  search  of  em- 
ployment. In  waiting  for  his 
return  Ellen  set  to  righting 
the  house,  and  found  a  letter 
written  to  Harry  by  the  Dorset- 
shire girl.  On  his  return  she 
refused  to  be  reassured  by  his 
assurances  of  his  love  and  trust. 
He  left  her,  and  she  refused 
to  say  good-bye.  He  wrote 
to  say  he  had  work  in  Jersey 
but  in  crossing,  the  boat  went 
down  and  he  was  drowned. 

First  Quarrel. 

ELLEN. 

ELLEN  ADAIR. 

A  maiden  in  love,  much 
against  the  will  of  her  parents, 
with  a  certain  Edward  Gray, 
who  mistook  her  quiet  and 
reserved  manner  for  coldness 
and  pride.  Being  angry  with 
her  he  fled  over  the  sea. 

Shy  she  was,  and  I  thought  her  cold ; 
Thought  her  proud,  and  fled  over  the  sea  ; 

During  his  absence  she  pined 
and  died.  On  his  return  he 
saw  his  folly,  but  it  was  now  too 
late. 

Love  may  come,  and  love  may  go, 
And  fly,  like  a  bird,  from  tree  to  tree  ; 

But  I  will  love  no  more,  no  more, 
Till  Ellen  Adair  come  back  to  me. 

Where  her  body  is  buried,  there 
lies  his  heart  also. 

There  lies  the  body  of  Ellen  Adair ! 
And  there  the  heart  of  Edward  Gray! 

Edward,  Gray. 


ELLEN. 

ELLEN   AUBREY. 

The  subject  of  a  song  sung  by 
Everard  Hall,  at  the  con- 
clusion of  a  picnic,  in  reply  to 
that  sung  by  his  friend,  Francis 
Hale.  Everard  found  the  song 
in  a  book  of  songs,  but  sub- 
stituted familiar  names— of 
which  Ellen  Aubrey  was  one — 
in  place  of  the  original  ones. 

I  found  it  in  a  volume,  all  of  songs, 
*  *  * 

I  set  the  words,  and  added  names  I  knew. 

Audley  Court. 
ELM. 
ELM-TREE. 

A  tree  of  the  genus  Ulmus. 
Ode  to  Memory ;  Gar- 
dener's Daughter ;  Am- 
phion ;  The  Princess ;  In 
Memoriam  ;  Balin  and 
Balan  ;  Lover's  Tale  ;  The 
Ring ;  To  Ulysses ;  To 
Mary  Boyle  ;  May  Queen  ; 
Sir  Launcelot  and  Queen 
Guinevere. 

ELSINORE. 

A  seaport   on   the   island   of 
Zeeland  in  Denmark ;    and  the 
scene  of  Shakespeare's   Hamlet. 
Buonaparte. 

ELY  (Bishop  of).     See  Thirlby. 

ELY  (City  of). 

Harold. 
ELYSIAN. 

=  Elysium,  the  Greek  heaven. 
There  is  a  description  of  the 
place  in  the   Odyssey. 

Lotos-Eaters  ;   The  Princess. 

ELYSIUM. 

The  land  of  the  blest,  where 


EMI] 


127 


[ENG 


the  souls  of  the  righteous  passed 
without  dying.  The  place  is 
considered  to  be  the  Canary 
Islands. 

De-meter  and  Persephone. 

EMILIA. 

Sister  of  Ellen  Aubrey,  both 
of  whom  are  mentioned  in  a 
song  sung  by  Everard  Hall,  at 
a  picnic  held  at  Audley  Court. 
Francis  Hale,  friend  of  the  poet, 
sang  a  song,  and  Everard  re- 
plied with  one  the  opening 
lines  of  which  were — 

'  Sleep,   Ellen  Aubrey,  sleep,   and   dream 
of  me : 
Sleep,  Ellen,  folded  in  thy  sister's  arm, 
And  sleeping,  haply  dream  her  arm  is  mine. 

Sleep,  Ellen,  folded  in  Emilia's  arm ; ' 

Audley  Court. 

EMMA  MORELAND. 

\  Met  Edward  Gray  on  his  re- 
turn to  his  native  country,  and 
asked  him, 

'  Are  you  married  yet,  Edward  Gray  ?  ' 

to  which  he  replied,  weeping, 

'  Sweet  Emma  Moreland,  love  no  more 
Can  touch  the  heart  of  Edward  Gray. 

He  related  to  her  the  sad  death 
of  Ellen  Adair,  and  told  her  that 
love  will  never  again  touch  his 
heart,  as  it  is  buried  with  Ellen 
Adair. 

Edward  Gray. 
EMMIE. 

j    A  little  girl  who  died  in  the 

ward   of   a   children's   hospital, 

after  undergoing  an  operation. 

In  the  Children's  Hospital. 

EMPEROR-MOTH. 

One  of  the  several  large  and 
beautiful  moths,  the  prevailing 
colours  being  dark  grey,  brown 
and  reddish  yellow. 

The  Princess. 


EMRYS  (Aurelius).    See  Aurelius. 

'ENEMIES. 

Anemones. 
Northern  Farmery  Old  Style. 

ENGLAND. 

Talking  Oak  ;  Amphion  ; 
Enoch  Arden  ;  Ode  on  the 
death  of  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington ;  Third  of  Febru- 
ary ;  A  Welcome  to  Her 
Royal  Highness  Marie  Alex- 
androvnay  Duchess  of  Edin- 
burgh ;  The  Daisy ;  On 
Translations  of  Homer;  Mil- 
ton ;  In  Memoriam  ;  Dedi- 
cation of  Idylls ;  To  the 
Queen,  II ;  Dedicatory 
Poem  to  the  Princess  Alice  ; 
Defence  of  Luc  know  ;  Col- 
umbus ;  To  Victor  Hugo ; 
Locksley  Hall  Sixty  Tears 
After  ;  Prologue  to  General 
Hamley  ;  Epitaph  on  Lord 
Stratford  de  Redclifjfe ; 
Hands  all  Round ;  The 
Fleet  ;  To  Professor  J  ebb  ; 
Kapiolani  ;  Queen  Mary  ; 
Harold ;  Becket ;  The 
Foresters. 

ENGLISH  GARTER. 

and  round  his  knee,  misplaced, 
Our    English    Garter,    studded    with    great 

emeralds, 
Rubies,  I  know  not  what. 

The  Order  of  the  Garter,  an 
order  of  Knighthood  instituted 
in  1344,  by  Edward  III ;  it  is 
the  highest  order  of  Knight- 
hood, and  is  designated  K.G. 
Queen  Mary. 

ENGLISH  IRONSIDE. 

Edmund    the    Second,  com- 
monly  known   as    Ironside   on 


ENI] 


128 


[ENN 


account  of  his  bravery,  son  of 
Ethelred  the  Unready  and 
half-brother  to  the  Confessor. 
Elected  king  in  10 16,  but  only 
London  acknowledged  him,  the 
rest  of  England  accepting  the 
rule  of  Canute  the  Dane,  who 
was  chosen  king  at  Southamp- 
ton. A  fierce  struggle  there- 
fore raged  between  him  and 
Canute,  and  Edmund  defeated 
the  Danes  at  Pen  in  Somerset- 
shire, at  Sherborne,  and  at 
Otford.  He  was  however  de- 
feated at  Assandun,  where  '  all 
the  flower  of  the  English  race 
perished  '  and  an  arrangement 
was  entered  into  at  Olney,  an 
island  in  the  Severn,  by  which 
the  kingdom  was  divided,  Ed- 
mund receiving  Wessex,  East 
Anglia,  Essex  and  London  ;  and 
Canute  Mercia  and  Northum- 
bria  ;  and  it  was  further  agreed 
that  on  the  death  of  either  the 
survivor  was  to  succeed  him. 
A  few  weeks  after  this  agree- 
ment Edmund  was  assassinated 
at  Oxford  by  two  of  his 
chamberlains  (981-1016). 

Or  Athelstan,  or  English  Ironside 

Who  fought  with  Knut,  or  Knut  who  coming 

Dane 
Died  English. 

Harold. 

ENID. 

Daughter  of  earl  Yniol  and 
the  wife  of  sir  Geraint,  a  Knight 
of  the  Round  Table,  who  had 
delivered  the  earl  from  the 
tyranny  of  his  nephew  Edyrn. 
When  Guinevere's  infidelity  was 
spread  about  the  court  of 
Arthur,    Geraint,    in    order   to 


save  Enid  from  the  taint,  left 
the  court  and  removed  to  his 
mansion  in  Devonshire.  Over- 
hearing the  latter  part  of  a 
sentence  uttered  by  her,  Ger- 
aint charged  her  with  unfaith- 
fulness, and  bade  his  wife  to 
wear  her  meanest  apparel. 

And  thou,  put  on  thy  worst  and  meanest 

dress, 
And  ride  with  me.'    And  Enid  ask'd,  amazed, 
'  If  Enid  errs,  let  Enid  learn  her  fault.' 

Being  wounded  in  battle 
Enid  nursed  him  with  such 
devotion  that  he  saw  he  had 
misjudged  her.  Full  of  repent- 
ance he  expressed  his  mistake 
and  they  became  reconciled, 
and  '  crown'd  a  happy  life  with 
a  fair  death.' 

nor  did  he  doubt  her  more 
But  rested  in  her  fealty,  till  he  crown'd 
A  happy  life  with  a  fair  death,  and  fell 
Against  the  heathen  of  the  Northern  Sea 
In  battle,   fighting  for  the  blameless   King. 

At  the  court  of  Arthur  she 
was  called  '  Enid  the  fair,'  but 
the  people  called  her  '  Enid  the 
good.'  The  representation  of 
purity,  she  was  loved  by  queen 
Guinevere  and  was  the  most 
beautiful  lady  at  Arthur's  court 
next  after  the  queen. 

Marriage  of  Geraint  ;    Ger- 
aint and  Enid  ;    Guinevere. 

ENNA. 

A  city  of  Sicily,  remarkable 
for  its  fertile  soil  and  numerous 
springs.  In  ancient  times  it 
possessed  a  famous  temple  of 
Demeter  and  another  of  Pro- 
serpine. Proserpine  was  carried 
off  by  Pluto  while  gathering 
flowers  in  the  plain. 

she  moved, 
Like  Proserpine  in  Enna,  gathering  flowers ; 


ENO] 


129 


[ENO 


Edwin  Morris ; 
and  Persephone, 
f  ess  or  J  ebb. 


Demeter 
To  Pro- 


ENOCH. 

ENOCH  ARDEN. 

The  hero  of  Enoch  Arden. 
He  was  a  '  rough  sailor's  lad.' 
At  first  he  was  successful, 
prospered  in  his  fishing,  became 
an  able  seaman  on  board  a 
merchantman,  and  before  he 
attained  the  age  of  twenty-one 
purchased  his  own  boat  and 
married  Anne  Lee, '  the  prettiest 
little  damsel  in  the  port.'  All 
things  continued  to  go  well 
until  he  fell  from  a  mast  and 
broke  a  limb,  and  the  master 
of  the  ship  he  had  served  in 
hearing  of  his  misfortune  offered 
to  take  him  as  boatswain,  to 
which  Enoch  consented.  When 
the  day  of  his  departure  arrived 
he  kissed  his  wife  and  his  two 
elder  children,  but  the  youngest, 
asleep  in  the  cot,  he  would  not 
waken,  but  took  away  with  him 
a  little  curl  from  the  baby's 
head. 

Enoch  rose, 
Cast  bis  strong  arms  about  bis  drooping  wife , 
And  kiss'd  bis  wonder-stricken  little  ones  ; 
But  for  the  third,  the  sickly  one,  who  slept 
After  a  night  of  feverous  wakefulness, 
When  Annie  would  have  raised  him  Enoch 

said, 
'  Wake  him  not :  let  him  sleep ;  how  should 

the  child 
Remember  this  ?  '  and  kiss'd  him  in  his  cot. 
But  Annie  from  her  baby's  forehead  dipt 
A  tiny  curl,  and  gave  it :  this  he  kept 
Thro'  all  his  future  ; 

During  his  absence  his  wife 
had  no  success,  and  had  it  not 
been  for  Philip  Ray  would  have 
sunk  into  poverty.  Ten  years 
passed  away,  and  nothing  having 


been  heard  of  Enoch,  Philip 
offered  to  marry  her,  and  she 
became  his  wife.  In  the  mean- 
time, Enoch  had  on  his  home- 
ward voyage  been  wrecked  on  a 
desert  island.  During  his  soli- 
tary life  on  the  island,  the  sights 
and  sounds  of  his  home  passed 
continually  through  his  mind, 
until  at  length  a  ship  took  him 
off  and  he  returned  to  England. 
Arriving  at  the  little  port  he 
reached  his  old  home, 

But  finding  neither  light  nor  murmur  there 
(A  bill  of  sale  gleam'd  thro'  the  drizzle)  crept 
Still  downward  thinking  '  dead  or  dead  to 
me  ! ' 

Going  to  the  village  tavern  he 
found  that  during  his  absence 
the  landlord  had  passed  away, 
but  his  widow,  Miriam  Lane, 
still  held  the  house  and  here  he 
rested.  So  completely  had  he 
changed  that  he  lived  at  the 
tavern  without  being  identified, 
and  learned  from  Miriam  Lane 
the  story  of  his  house. 

Told  him,  with  other  annals  of  the  port, 
Not  knowing — Enoch  was  so  brown,  so  bow'd, 
So  broken — all  the  story  of  his  house. 
His  baby's  death,  her  growing  poverty, 
How  Philip  put  her  little  ones  to  school, 
And  kept  them  in  it,  his  long  wooing  her, 
Her  slow  consent  and  marriage, 

But  Enoch  longed  to  see  his 
wife  again,  and  in  the  darkness 
went  to  Philip's  house,  and 
through  the  window  saw  his 
wife  and  children  in  comfort  on 
Philip's  hearth.  Creeping  from 
the  garden  he  fell  upon  the 
earth  and  prayed  for  strength 
not  to  tell  her,  never  to  let  her 
know.  But  he  did  not  live 
long.  Finding  death  dawning 
upon  him  he  called  for  Miriam 
Lane,   and   under   promise   on 


EPH] 


130 


[ERO 


the  Bible  not  to  divulge  until 
after  death,  told  her  who  he 
was,  and  taking  from  his  pocket 
the  dead  child's  curl  bade  her  to 
give  it  to  Annie  in  order  that 
she  might  know  that  it  was  really 
he,  and  to  tell  her  that  he  died 
blessing  her  and  her  children 
and  Philip.  Three  days  after- 
wards he  passed  away,  and  in 
gratitude  to  this  devoted  soul 
was,  by  the  villagers,  accorded 
a  rich  funeral. 

Then  the  third  night  after  this, 
While  Enoch  slumber'd  motionless  and  pale, 
And  Miriam  watch'd  and  dozed  at  intervals, 
There  came  so  loud  a  calling  of  the  sea, 
That  all  the  houses  in  the  haven  rang. 
He  woke,  he  rose,  he  spread  his  arms  abroad 
Crying  with  a  loud  voice, '  A  sail  !  a  sail ! 
I  am  saved  :  '  and  so  fell  back  and  spoke  no 

more. 
So  past  the  strong  heroic  soul  away, 
And  when  they  buried  him  the  little  port 
Had  seldom  seen  a  costlier  funeral. 

Enoch  Arden. 


EPHESIAN  ARTEMIS. 

Artemis,  Artemis,  hear  her, 
Ephesian  Artemis ! 

= Diana  of  the  Ephesians. 
Her  magnificent  temple  at 
Ephesus  was  burnt  to  the  ground 
by  Herostratos,  in  the  same 
night  in  which  Alexander  the 
great  was  born  (b.c.  356).  It 
was  rebuilt  by  contributions 
from  all  the  Ionian  cities,  and 
was  regarded  as  one  of  the 
seven  wonders  of  the  world. 
This  '  Ephesian  Artemis  '  was 
apparently  an  ancient  Asiatic 
deity  whose  worship  the  Greeks 
found  in  Ionia.  Its  image  is 
stated  to  have  fallen  down  from 
Jupiter  (Acts,  chap.  xix.  verse 
35),  the  lord  of  Heaven. 

The  Cup. 


EPHESUS. 

I  have  had  a  vision 
The  seven  sleepers  in  the  cave  at  Ephesus 
Have  turn'd  from  right  to  left. 

Has  reference  to  the  seven 
Christian  youths  of  Ephesus, 
who,  in  order  to  escape  from  the 
persecution  of  the  Christians 
under  Decius  took  refuge  in  a 
cave  near  that  city.  Being 
discovered,  great  stones  were 
rolled  against  the  entrance  to 
the  cave  in  order  that  they  might 
die  of  hunger.  They  however 
fell  into  a  supernatural  sleep, 
and  some  200  years  afterwards, 
in  the  reign  of  Theodosius,  they 
were  discovered.  One  of  the 
seven  was  sent  to  the  city  to 
purchase  provisions,  but  was 
arrested  for  offering  a  coin  of 
the  time  of  Decius  and  brought 
before  the  authorities ;  but 
leading  his  accusers  to  the 
cavern  where  his  six  companions 
were  found,  was  liberated.  The 
seven  sleepers  is  a  favourite 
subject  in  early  mediaeval  art. 
Harold. 

ERIN. 

The  Celtic  name  for  Ireland. 
Coming  of  Arthur. 

ERNE    (Miriam).    See     Miriam, 
Miriam  Erne. 

ERNE      (Muriel).      See      Muriel 
Erne. 

EROSES. 

But  a  bevy  of  Eroses  apple-cheek'd, 
In  a  shallop  of  crystal  ivory-beak'd, 
With  a  satin  sail  of  a  ruby  glow. 


=gods. 


The  Islet. 


ESA] 


I3I 


[ETT 


ESAlAS. 


Word  of  God 
In  English  :  over  this  the  brainless  loons 
That  cannot  spell  Esaias  from  St.  Paul, 
Make  themselves  drunk  and  mad,  fly  out 

and  flare 
Into  rebellions. 

= Isaiah. 


Queen  Mary. 
ESAU. 

And  from  a  heart  as  rough  as  Esau's  hand, 
He  answer'd, '  Ride  you  naked  thro'  the  town, 
And  I  repeal  it ; ' 

See  Genesis  xxvii.  23. 

Go  diva. 
ESH. 
ESHTREE. 

= Ash-tree. 

Northern  Farmer,  New  Style  ; 
Promise  of  May. 
ESHCOL. 

over  which  there  roll'd 
To  meet  me  long-arm'd  vines  with  grapes 
Of  Eshcol  hugeness. 

The  name  signifies  a  bunch 
of  grapes.  See  Numbers  xiii. 
23-24. 

To  E.  Fitzgerald. 
ESSEX. 

Why,  Madam,  she  was  passing 
Some  chapel  down  in  Essex,  and  with  her 
Lady  Anne  Wharton,  and  the  Lady  Anne 
Bow'd  to  the  Pyx ; 

Queen  Mary. 
ESTHER. 

A  Jewish  maiden,  the  niece 
of  Mordecai,  a  Jewish  resident 
at  the  court  of  Ahasuerus. 
Was  chosen  as  queen  in  place 
of  Vashti,  who  had  refused  to 
obey  the  king's  command. 
Esther. 

Marriage  of  Geraint. 

ETHELRED  (the  Second). 

Called  the  'Unready';  king  of 
Saxon  England,  son  of  Edgar  and 
Elfrida ;  succeeded  his  half- 
brother  Edmund  the  Martyr 
in  979.  During  his  reign  the 
Danes    invaded    England,    and 


Ethelred  defeated  them  at 
Watchet  in  Somersetshire  and 
at  Maldon,  but  his  unmanly 
spirit  submitted  to  pay  a  tribute 
to  the  Danes  by  a  tax  levied  on 
his  subjects  known  as  the  '  Dane- 
geld.'  In  1002  during  the  time 
of  peace  he  ordered  a  general 
massacre  of  all  the  Danes  in 
England,  and  Sweyn,  king  of 
Denmark,  entered  his  kingdom 
and  he  fled  to  Normandy. 
Sweyn  dying  soon  afterwards 
Ethelred  returned  and  in  1014 
he  defeated  Cnut,  but  in  the 
following  year  Cnut  renewed 
his  attack,  ravaged  Mercia  and 
Wessex,  and  was  preparing  to 
march  on  London  when  Ethel- 
red died  April  23,  1016. 

Harold. 

ETTARRE. 

A  lady  loved  by  sir  Pelleas, 
but  being  so  proud  she  scorned 
him,  and  said  she  would  never 
return  his  love  even  if  he  died 
for  her.  But  Pelleas  promised 
to  follow  her  from  place  to  place, 
and  never  to  leave  her  until  she 
returned  his  love  ;  but  she  sent 
her  knights  to  fight  with  him 
and  treated  him  very  shame- 
fully. 

Thereon  her  wrath  became  a  hate ;  and  once, 

A  week  beyond,  while  walking  on  the  walls 

With  her  three  knights,  she  pointed  down- 
ward, '  Look, 

He  haunts  me — I  cannot  breathe — besieges 
me: 

Down!  strike  him!  put  my  hate  into  your 
strokes, 

And  drive  him  from  my  walls.*  And  down 
they  went, 

And  Pelleas  overthrew  them  one  by  one ; 

And  from  the  tower  above  him  cried  Ettarre, 

'  Bind  him,  and  bring  him  in.' 

Sir  Gawain  then  promised  to 
advocate    his    cause    with    the 


EUR] 


132 


lady,  but  she  played  him  false, 
for  sir  Pelleas  coming  to  the 
pavilion  outside  Ettarre's  castle 
found  them  caressing  each 
other. 

Then  was  he  ware  of  three  pavilions  rear'd 
Above  the  bushes,  gilden-peakt :  in  one, 
Red  after  revel,  droned  her  lurdane  knights 
Slumbering,   and   their   three  squires   across 

their  feet : 
In  one,  their  malice  on  the  placid  lip 
Froz'n  by  sweet  sleep,  four  of  her  damsels  lay  ; 
And  in  the  third,  the  circlet  of  the  jousts 
Bound  on  her  brow,  were  Gawain  and  Ettarre. 

The  Damosel  of  the  Lake  then 
came  to  Pelleas  and  bade  him 
come  forth  with  her  in  the 
country,  and  '  she  rejoiced  sir 
Pelleas,  and  they  lived  together 
during  their  life  days'  and  the 
lady  Ettarre  died  from  sorrow. 
Pelleas  and  Ettarre. 
EUROPA. 

A  beautiful  maiden,  daughter 
of  Agenor,  king  of  Phoenicia. 
While  gathering  flowers  she 
was  carried  off  to  Crete  by 
Zeus,  disguised  as  a  white  bull. 

Or  sweet  Europa's  mantle  flew  unclasp'd, 
From  off  her  shoulder  backward  borne  : 

From  one  hand  droop'd  a  crocus  :  one  hand 
grasp'd 
The  mild  bull's  golden  horn. 

She  was  worshipped  in  Crete 
under  the  name  of  Hellotis, 
and  a  festival  called  Hellotia 
was  held  in  her  honour,  at 
which  her  bones  were  carried 
surrounded  by  wreaths  of 
myrtle. 

Palace  of  Art. 

EUROPE. 

Locksley  Hall ;  Ode  on  the 
death  of  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington ;  Third  of  February  ; 
To  Rev.  F.  D.  Maurice ; 
Defence  of  Lucknow  ;  Locks- 
ley  Hall  Sixty  Tears  After  ; 


Queen     Mary  ; 
The  Foresters. 


[EVA 
Becket  ; 


EUSTACE. 

An    artist — a    very    muscular 
and  well-made  person. 

My  Eustace  might  have  sat  for  Hercules  ; 
So  muscular  he  spread,  so  broad  of  breast. 

Along  with  an  artist  friend  they 
went  to  see  the  gardener's 
daughter.  Eustace  painted 
Juliet,  fell  in  love  with  her,  and 
after  a  year  had  passed  married 
her. 

Gardener's  Daughter. 
EVA.  X 

Daughter  of  farmer  Steer, 
and  sister  of  Dora  Steer.  Under 
a  promise  of  marriage,  she  was 
seduced  by  Philip  Edgar,  a 
wealthy  gentleman.  She  ran 
away,  leaving  a  letter  to  the 
effect  that  she  would  drown 
herself.  At  the  news  of  her 
disgrace  the  old  father  worked 
himself  into  a  fury  which 
subsided  into  paralysis.  After 
many  years'  absence  Edgar  re- 
turned under  the  name  of 
Harold,  but  on  account  of  his 
beard  passed  unrecognized. 
Dobson,  a  farmer  who  was 
himself  in  love  with  Dora 
Steer,  suspected  him,  but  Edgar 
showed  him  a  newspaper  cut- 
ting of  his  father's  death,  which 
he  easily  passed  off  as  his  own. 
Edgar  made  love  to  Dora,  who 
was  easily  won,  when  news 
arrived  that  a  lady  had  been 
run  over  in  a  neighbouring 
lane.  The  injured  lady,  who 
was  nursed  by  Dora,  was  none 
other  than   Eva,   who   yearned 


EVA] 


133 


[EXC 


for  her  father's  forgiveness,  but 
the  old  man  was  too  troubled 
with  his  disease  to  understand. 
Edgar  and  Eva  eventually  met, 
and  Dora  learned  who  her  lover 
really  was.  At  the  sight  of  the 
meeting  Eva  fell  dead,  and 
over  her  sister's  dead  body 
Dora  cursed  the  man,  who 
hoped  by  marrying  her  to  make 
amends  for  Eva's  seduction. 
Promise  of  May. 

EVANGEL. 

=The  Gospels. 

Heaven-sweet  Evangel,  ever- living  word, 
Who  whilome  speaking  to  the  South  in  Greek 
About  the  soft  Mediterranean  shores, 

Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cobbatn. 

EVANGELIST. 

Behold  a  man  raised  up  by  Christ ! 

The  rest  remaineth  unreveal'd  ; 

He  told  it  not ;  or  something  seal'd 
The  lips  of  that  Evangelist. 


=  St.  John. 

In  Memoriam. 
EVE. 

Day-Dream  ;  Maud  ;   Becket. 

EVELYN. 

One  of  two  sisters — the  other 
being  Edith.  She  married  her 
sister's  former  lover,  but  was 
quite  unconscious  of  the  fact, 
which  was  only  made  known  to 
her  after  her  sister's  death. 
The  news  caused  some  estrange- 
ment between  husband  and  wife. 
During  the  second  year  of  her 
married  life  she  died. 
Sisters.    (Evelyn  and  Edith) 

EVERARD. 
EVERARD  HALL. 

A  poet.     While  at  college  he 


wrote  an  epic  about  king  Arthur, 
but  thinking  that 

nothing  new  was  said,  or  else 
Something  so  said  'twas  nothing — 

destroyed  it.     His  college  friend, 
Francis  Allen  inquired  later  as 
to  what  had  become  of  it.     He 
replied   that    considering   it   of 
small  value  he  had  destroyed  it. 

'  these  twelve  books  of  mine 
Were  faint  Homeric  echoes,  nothing-worth, 
Mere  chaff  and  draff,  much  better  burnt.' 

Francis    had    however,  rescued 

the    eleventh    book    from    the 

hearth,  and  forthwith  produced 

it 

*  But  1; 

Said  Francis,  '  pick'd  the  eleventh  from  this 

hearth 
And  have  it ;  keep  a  thing,  its  use  will  come. 
I  hoard  it  as  a  sugar-plum  for  Holmes.' 

The  Epic  ;  Morte  d?  Arthur. 

EVERGREEN. 

A  plant  that  remains  green 
all  the  year,  as  the  laurel  and 
the  ivy. 

Enoch      Arden ;       Spiteful 
Letter  ;  Gareth  and  Lynette. 
EWE. 
EWE-LAMB. 

A  female  sheep. 

The  Princess  ;  Becket. 

EXCALIBUR. 

King  Arthur's  magic  sword. 
It  meant  cut-steel  and  would 
cut  through  iron  or  steel ;  in 
poetic  language,  it  is  called 
a  sword  as  its  blade  flashed  like 
fire.  It  was  given  to  Arthur 
by  the  Lady  of  the  Lake,  and 
she  was  nine  years  in  the  shaping 
of  it,  sitting  in  the  deeps  upon 
the  hidden  bases  of  the  hills. 

Arthur  and  his  enchanter  Merlin  rode  one 
day  by  a  broad  lake,  and  afar  out  in  the  midst 
of  the  lake  an  arm  clad  in  white  samite  rose 
from  out  of  the  water  and  held  up  a  fair 
sword.  Then  came  the  Lady  of  the  Lake 
moving  upon  the  water.    '  Enter  into  yonder 


EXC] 


54 


[FAL 


barge,'  she  said,  '  and    row  to  the  tword  and 
take  it  and  the  scabbard.' 

Tappan  :   Heroes  of  the  Middle  Ages. 

It  was  so  bright  in  his  enemies' 
eyes,  that  it  gave  light  equal 
to  thirty  torches.  Tennyson 
in  his  Coming  of  Arthur  de- 
scribed it : 

'  There  likewise  I  beheld  Excalibur 
Before  him  at  his  crowning  borne,  the  sword 
That  rose  from  out  the  bosom  of  the  lake, 
And  Arthur  row'd  across  and  took  it — rich 
With  jewels,  elfin,  Urim,  en  the  hilt, 
Bewildering    heart    and    eye — the    blade    so 

bright 
That  men  are  blinded  by  it — 

It  was  by  this  sword  that 
Arthur  overcame  his  enemies 
in  battle.  After  receiving  his 
wound  in  the  last  weird  battle 
in  the  west,  king  Arthur  com- 
manded sir  Bedivere  to  take  the 
sword  and.return  it  to  the  Lady 
of  the  Lake. 

But  now  delay  not :  take  Excalibur, 
And  fling  him  far  into  the  middle  mere  : 
Watch  what  thou  seest,  and  lightly  bring  me 
word.' 

Twice  did  sir  Bedivere  go  to 
the  pool  and  twice  did  his  heart 
fail  him,  for  instead  of  flinging 
the  brand  into  the  water  he  hid 
it.  Returning  to  the  dying 
king  and  being  questioned  as 
to  what  he  had  seen,  replied  : 

'  I  heard  the  ripple  washing  in  the  reeds, 
And  the  wild  water  lapping  on  the  crag.' 

but  the  king  detecting  the 
knight's  deception  threateningly 
commanded  him  to  fulfil  his 
task,  whereupon  the  knight 
went  to  the  lake,  and  seizing 
the  sword  threw  it  into  the 
water. 

But  ere  he  dipt  the  surface,  rose  an  arm 
Clothed  in  white  samite,  mystic,  wonderful, 
And  caught  him  by  the  hilt,  and  brandish'd 

him 
Three  times,  and  drew   him  under  in   the 

mere. 

Morte    a"  Arthur  ;     Coming 


of  Arthur ;  Gareth  and 
Lynette ;  Holy  Grail  ; 
Last  Tournament ;  Passing 
of  Arthur. 

EXETER  (Dean  of). 

Queen  Mary. 

EYE. 

A  Castle. 

My  lord,  the  King  demands  three  hundred 
marks, 
Due  from  his  castles  of  Berkhamstead  and 

Eye 
When  thou  whereof  wast  warden. 

Becket. 

FAIR-HANDS. 

According  to  Malory,  a  nick- 
name given  by  sir  Kay  to 
sir  Gareth  when  he  was  a 
kitchen-scullion  at  the  court 
of  king  Arthur. 

And  since  he  hath  no  name,  I  shall  give  him 
a  name  that  shall  be  Beaumains,  that  is  Fair- 
hands. 
Malory  :  Morte  d'  Arthur,  Book  VII.  chap  i. 

Tennyson  in  his  Gareth  and 
Lynette  makes  sir  Kay  address 
sir  Lancelot  whilst  referring  to 
sir  Gareth : 

fair  and  fine,  forsooth ! 
Sir  Fine-face,  Sir  Fair-hands  ?  but  see  thou 

to  it 
That  thine  own  fineness,  Lancelot,  some  fine 

day 
Undo  thee  not — and  leave  my  man  to  me.' 

Gareth  and  Lynette. 

FALCON. 

A  bird  of  prey  formerly 
trained  to  the  pursuit  of  game. 
Marriage  of  Geraint  ;  Mer- 
lin and  Vivien  ;  Lancelot 
and  Elaine  ;  Happy  ;  The 
Falcon  ;  Harold. 

FALCON,  THE. 

Name  of  a  ship. 

For  a  huge  sea  smote  every  soul  from  the 
decks  of  The  Falcon  but  one. 

The  Wrtck. 


FAN] 


135 


[FER 


FANNY. 

The  name  of  a  song. 

Fanny  be  the  naame  i'  the  song,  but   I 


swopt  it  fur  she. 


Promise  of  May. 


FATHER  PHILIP. 

=Philip  Ray. 

Enoch  Arden. 

FAUN. 

The  symbol  of  a  drunkard. 

Arise  and  fly 
The  reeling  Faun,  the  sensual  feast ; 
Move  upward,  working  out  the  beast, 
And  let  the  ape  and  tiger  die. 

Lucretius  ;  In  Memoriam. 

FAUNUS. 

In  Roman  mythology  the 
grandson  of  Saturn,  and  the  god 
of  fields  and  shepherds.  Upon 
the  introduction  of  Greek 
mythology  Faunus  was  identi- 
fied with  Pan  the  protector  of 
flocks  and  herds.  Two  festi- 
vals were  held  annually  in  his 
honour  in  the  temple  on  the 
island  in  the  Tiber,  when  the 
peasants  brought  their  simple 
offerings. 

'  But  who  was  be,  that  in  the  garden  snared 
Picus  and  Faunus,  rustic  Gods  J 

Lucretius. 

FEDERIGO. 

FEDERIGO  DEGLI  ALBERIGHI. 

An  impoverished  nobleman, 
in  love  with  a  wealthy  widow, 
the  lady  Giovanna.  She  had  a 
rival — his  favourite  falcon — for 
which  the  count  had  a  strange 
affection,  the  bird  at  times  being 
as  dear  to  him  as  his  mistress. 
The  son  of  the  lady  Giovanna 
fell  sick,  and  yearned  for  the 
count's  falcon.     The  lady  paid 


a  visit  to  the  count  at  the  lun- 
cheon hour,  with  the  object 
of  begging  the  bird  from  him  ; 
but  the  scanty  provision  of  the 
larder  being  insufficient  for 
the  meal,  the  count  ordered 
his  foster-brother  Filippo  to 
kill  the  falcon  and  have  it 
cooked  for  the  lady.  When 
the  lunch  was  spread  she  could 
not  eat  on  account  of  her  anxiety 
for  her  request ;  but  when  she 
learned  that  her  lover  had 
killed  his  favourite  bird  in 
order  to  entertain  her,  she  con- 
fessed her  love  for  him,  and 
happiness  ensued. 

The  Falcon. 

FERDINAND. 

the  fifth  of  Aragon,  second  of 
Aragon  and  Sicily,  and  third  of 
Naples,  born  at  Sos  in  Aragon  ; 
married  Isabella  of  Castile, 
sister  of  Henry  IV,  a  step  by 
which  these  ancient  kingdoms 
were  united.  It  was  during 
his  reign  that  Columbus  sailed 
from  Spain  on  his  voyages  of 
discovery,  Ferdinand  granting 
him  three  ships  for  the  purpose. 
Columbus. 

FERIA. 

A  Spanish  count  who  came 
to  England  with  Philip  II  as 
one  of  his  ministers.  Married 
in  1558  to  Jane  Dormer,  second 
daughter  of  sir  William  Dormer. 
He  was  a  bigoted  Catholic,  and 
an  enemy  of  Elizabeth,  and 
notwithstanding  his  apparently 
friendly  speeches,  urged  Philip 
to    an    armed    interference    in 


FER] 


136 


[FIR 


England.  In  a  letter  full  of 
friendliness  Philip  announced 
to  Elizabeth  that  Feria's  ser- 
vices were  required  in  Flanders, 
and  accordingly  he  left  England. 
He  died  in  August  1571. 

Queen  Mary. 
FERN. 

The  popular  name  of  the 
order  of  cryptogamic  plants 
called  Filices. 

Edwin  Morris ;  Talking 
Oak  ;  Enoch  Arden  ;  The 
Brook ;  The  Princess ; 
Marriage  of  Geraint ; 
Pelleas  and  Ettarre  ;  Last 
Tournament ;  Sisters 

(Evelyn  and  Edith)  ; 
Harold. 

FERRAR  (Robert  E.) 

Bishop  of  St.  David's.  Was 
an  Augustinian  Canon  and 
monk  of  St.  Mary's  Priory,  Ox- 
ford ;  became  a  convert  to 
the  reformed  religion,  but  was 
compelled  to  recant ;  created 
bishop  of  St.  David's  by  Ed- 
ward VI;  deprived  1554,  an(^ 
being  charged  by  Gardiner 
with  having  violated  his  mon- 
astic vow  was  burnt  to  death, 

1555- 

let  'em  look  to  it 
Cranmer  and  Hooper,  Ridley  and  Latimer, 
Rogers  and  Ferrar,  for  their  time  is  come 
Their  hour  is  hard  at  hand,  their  '  dies  Irae, 
Their  '  dies  Ilia,'  which  will  test  their  sect . 

Queen  Mary. 

FIGTREE. 

A  small  tree,  with  lobed, 
rough  and  deciduous  leaves, 
cultivated  in  warm  climates  for 
the  sake  of  its  fruit. 

The  Princess. 


FILIPPO. 

Foster  -  brother  to  count 
Federigo  degli  Alberighi. 

The  Falcon. 

FINE-FACE. 

According  to  Tennyson  sir 
Kay  was  addressing  sir  Lance- 
lot, but  referring  to  sir  Gareth, 
who  was  a  kitchen -scullion  at 
the  palace  of  king  Arthur. 

fair  and  fine,  forsooth  ! 
Sir  Fine-face,  Sir  Fair-hands  ?  but  see  thou 

to  it 
That  thine  own  fineness,  Lancelot,  some  fine 

day 
Undo  thee  not — and  leave  my  man  to  me.' 

Gareth  and  Lynette. 
FINN. 

And  we  wallow'd  in  beds  of  lilies,  and  chanted 
the  triumph  of  Finn, 

According  to  tradition  an 
Irish  leader  of  the  third  century, 
and  the  son  of  Cumall  the  hero 
of  the  Ossianic  tales.  After 
his  defeat  in  County  Meath  he 
escaped,  but  was  slain  soon 
afterwards  at  Athbrea.  Other 
authorities  say  he  did  not  die 
but  passed  to  the  blessed  land. 
In  this,  as  in  many  other  re- 
spects, he  resembled  the  British 
king  Arthur. 

Voyage  of  Maeldune. 

FIR. 

The  name  of  several  species 
of  cone-bearing  trees,  some  of 
them  valued  for  their  timber 
and  others  for  their  resin. 

Gareth  and  Lynette  ;  Lover's 
Tale. 

FIRE-FLY. 

A    name    applied     to  many 

phosphorescent     insects,  some 

giving    forth     a    steady  light, 


FIS] 


137 


[FLO 


others   flashing    light    intermit- 
tently. 

Locksley  Hall  ;    The  Princess. 

FISHER  (JOHN). 

Bishop  of  Rochester,  born  at 
Beverley  ;  was  distinguished  at 
Cambridge  and  became  chap- 
lain to  the  mother  of  Henry 
VIII  who  had  him  appointed 
first  lady  Margaret  professor 
of  divinity  in  1503.  In  the 
following  year  he  was  elected 
Chancellor  of  the  University 
and  bishop  of  Rochester  ;  fined 
for  denying  the  validity  of  the 
divorce  of  Catherine  of  Aragon, 
1534;  and  in  the  same  year 
was  with  sir  Thomas  More 
sent  to  the  Tower  for  refusing 
to  swear  to  the  Act  of  Suprem- 
acy ;  deprived  and  beheaded 
by  order  of  the  king,  1535.  He 
was  beatified  in  1886. 

Queen  Mary. 

FITZ. 

Edward  Fitzgerald,  English 
poet  and  translator,  and  a  friend 
of  Tennyson  ;  first  met  at  the 
home  of  James  Spedding,  in  the 
Lake  District.  Upon  his  death 
in  1883,  Tennyson  wrote  the 
following  lines  : 

Gone  into  darkness,  that  full  light 

Of  friendship,  past,  in  sleep,  away 
By  night,  into  the  deeper  night ! 

The  deeper  night  ?    A  clearer  day 
Than  our  poor  twilight  dawn  on  earth — 

If  night,  what  barren  toil  to  be  ! 
What  life,  so  maim'd  by  night,  were  worth 

Our  living  out  ?     Not  mine  to  be 
Remembering  all  the  golden  hours 

Now  silent,  and  so  many  dead, 
And  him  the  last. 

Life  of  Tennyson. 

Some  years  later  his  widow 
wrote  to  the  poet  thanking  him 
for  dedicating   Tiresias  to  the 


memory  of   her  late    husband. 
To  E.  Fitzgerald. 

FITZURSE.    See  Reginald,  Regi- 
nald Fitzurse. 
FLAG-FLOWER. 

=the  Iris ;  an  original  of  the 
fleur-de-lys  in  the  arms  of 
France. 

Miller's  Daughter. 

FLANDERS. 

A  former  name  of  a  country 
of  Europe  extending  along  the 
North  Sea  from  the  Straits  of 
Dover  to  the  river  Scheldt. 

Queen  Mary  ;  Harold. 
FLEA. 

An  insect  remarkable  for  its 
great  agility. 

Merlin  and  Vivien;  Queen 
Mary. 

FLEECE,  THE. 

Name  of  an  Inn. 

'  The  Bull,  the  Fleece  are  cramm'd,  and  not 
a  room 
For  love  or  money. 

Audley  Court. 

FLEUR-DE-LYS. 

The  flower  of  the  lily.  A 
bearing  in  the  French  Arms 
of  the  house  of  Bourbon,  repre- 
sented by  three  lilies,  as  em- 
blematic of  royalty. 

Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cobham. 
FLORA. 

A  famous  portrait  by  Titian, 
the  famous  Italian  painter, 
and  representation  in  Roman 
mythology  of  the  goddess  of 
Flowers  and  the  Spring. 

'  will  you  climb  the  top"of  Art, 
You  cannot  fail  but  work  in  hues  to  dim 
The  Titianic  Flora. 

Gardener's  Daughter. 


FLO] 


138 


[FOM 


FLORA. 

The  lady  Flora,  to  whom  is 
related  by  a  young  man  deeply 
in  love  with  her,  the  familiar 
fairy  tale  of  the  Sleeping  Beauty. 
At  the  time  she  was  working  in 
the  drawing  room  at  her  em- 
broidery. In  conclusion,  he 
told  her  that  he  would  gladly 
slumber  for  a  hundred  years  if 
at  the  end  of  that  time  he  could 
awake  her  with  a  kiss. 

The  Day-Dream. 

FLORENCE. 

A  famous  Italian  city,  in  the 
valley  of  the  Arno.  It  is  the 
city  of  Dante,  Petrarch,  Angelo 
and  many  more  of  Italy's  great 
men. 

The   Brook  ;     The  Daisy  ; 

Maud ;     To    Dante ;     The 

Falcon. 

FLORES. 

One  of  the  Azores  islands. 
Discovered  in  1439  by  Vander- 
berg,  it  was  near  this  island  that 
sir  Richard  Grenville  in  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth  fought  his 
famous  sea-fight. 

At  Flores  in  the  Azores  Sir  Richard  Gren- 
ville lay, 
And  a  pinnace,  like  a  flutter'd  bird,  came 
flying  from  far  away  : 

The  Revenge. 

FLORIAN. 

A  friend  of  prince  Arac,  one 
of  the  three  who  gained  admis- 
sion to  princess  Ida's  college. 
He  was  described  by  prince 
Arac  as 

my  other  heart, 
And  almost  my  half-self,  for  still  we  moved 
Together,  twinn'd  as  horse's  ear  and  eye. 

The  Princess. 


FLORIDA. 

Ev'n  as  the  warm  gulf-stream  of  Florida 
Floats  far  away  into  the  Northern  seas 
The  lavish  growths  of  southern  Mexico. 

Mine  he  the  strength. 
FLORIO. 

Only  child  of  the  lady  Gio- 
vanna,     who     married     count 
Federigo  deghli  Alberighi. 
The  Falcon. 

FLOWERING  ISLE. 

And  we  hated  the  Flowering  Isle,  as  we  hate  5 
the  isle  that  was  mute, 

Voyage  of  Maeldune. 
See  Maeldune. 

FLUR. 

The  daughter  of  Mygnach 
Gorr  and  the  betrothed  of 
Cassivelaun  (q.v.),  a  king  of 
Britain.  Mwrchan,  a  Gallic 
chief  carried  her  away  to  Gauly 
but  Cassivelaun  invaded  Gaul 
with  60,000  men  and  gaining  a 
victory,  rescued  her. 

Marriage  of  Geraint. 

FOLIOT    (Gilbert).      See    Gilbert 
Foliot. 

FONSECA  (Juan  Rodriguez  de). 

Archdeacon  of  Seville ;  ap- 
pointed commissioner  to  super- 
intend the  fitting-out  of 
Columbus'  second  voyage  from 
Spain.  A  capable  man,  but 
of  a  very  crafty  disposition,  he 
objected  to  the  number  of 
footmen  which  Columbus  pro- 
posed for  his  domestic  house- 
hold, and  the  matter  being  re- 
ferred to  Ferdinand  he  was 
ordered  to  carry  out  Columbus' 
wishes.  Fonseca  subsequently 
became  archbishop  of  Toledo 
and  Patriarch  of  the  Indies. 
Columbus. 


FOR] 


139 


[FRA 


FORGET-ME-NOT. 

A  small  herb,  with  beautiful 
blue  flowers,  and  considered 
the  emblem  of  fidelity. 

Miller's  Daughter ;  The 
Brook ;  Queen  Mary ; 
Promise  of  May. 

FORTUNE. 

And  affluent  Fortune  emptied  all  her  horn. 

In  Roman  mythology  the 
goddess  of  good  luck.  She  was 
worshipped  at  a  great  number 
of  shrines  under  various  titles ; 
but  is  represented  here  as  hold- 
ing in  her  hand  the  horn  of 
plenty. 

Ode    on  the    death    of    the 
Duke  of  Wellington. 

FORUM,  THE. 

The  Baths,  the  Forum,  gabbled  of  his  death, 

Was    originally    the    market- 
place of  the  city,  but  afterwards 
the  centre  of  the  religious,  civil 
and  political  life  of  the  city. 
The    Princess;     St.    Tele- 
machus  ;  To  Virgil. 

FOX. 

An  animal  of  the  dog  family, 
remarkable  for  cunning. 

Walking  to  the  Mail ;  Day- 
Dream  ;  Aylmer's  Field ; 
Pelleas  and  Ettarre ; 
Village  Wife ;  Queen 
Mary  ;   Promise  of  May. 

FOXGLOVE. 

=  a  plant,  whose  leaves  are 
used  as  a  medicine. 

Two  Voices  ;  In  Memoriam; 
Sisters  (Evelyn  and  Edith)  ; 
The  Foresters. 


FRANCE. 

Dream  of  Fair  Women ; 
The  Captain  ;  The  Prin- 
cess ;  Ode  on  the  death  of 
the  Duke  of  Wellington ; 
Aylmer's        Field ;  In 

Memoriam  ;  To  the  Queeny 
II.  In  the  Children's  Hos- 
pital ;  Columbus  ;  To  Vic- 
tor Hugo ;  Locksley  Hall 
Sixty  Tears  After  ;  Queen 
Mary ;     Harold ;     Becket. 

FRANCHE-COMTE. 

An  ancient  province  in  East 
France,  added  to  the  crown  of 
France  at  the  peace  of  Nime- 
guen  in  1671.  It  extends  from 
the  Saone  to  the  Jura  moun- 
tains. 

Queen  Mary. 

FRANCIS. 
FRANCIS  ALLEN. 

Friend  of  Everard  Hall  who 
had  written  an  Epic  about  king 
Arthur.  At  the  house  of  Fran- 
cis on  Christmas  eve,  four 
college  friends  sat  round  the 
fire  talking  of  Christmas  cus- 
toms. Everard  was  asked  what 
he  had  done  with  his  Epic. 
Francis  replied  that  Everard 
had  burnt  it,  but  he  had  been 
fortunate  enough  to  save  the 
eleventh  book  from  the  flames 
and  forthwith  produced  it. 

The  Epic  ;  Morte  d? Arthur. 

FRANCIS. 
FRANCIS  HALE. 

A  farmer's  son,  who  lived  at 
Torquay,  and  a  friend  of 
Everard    Hall.      Was      present 


FRA] 

with  him  at  a  picnic  at  Audley 
Court  as 

'  The  Bull,  the  Fleece  are  cramm'd,  and  not 

a  room 
For  love  or  money.    Let  us  picnic 
At  Audley  Court.' 

They  spent  an  enjoyable 
evening,  eating  homely  fare, 
discussing  politics,  the  king  and 
matters  nearer  home,  and  ended 
the  picnic  by  entertaining  each 
other  with  a  song. 

He  sang  his  song,  and  I  replied  with  mine  : 

and    returned     in     the     dusky 
moonlight  to  Torquay. 

Audley  Court. 

FRANCIS  OF  ASSISI. 

Founder  of  the  Franciscan 
order,  born  at  Assisi  in  Umbria 
(1182).  Began  life  as  a  soldier, 
but  at  the  age  of  twenty-four 
he  gave  himself  up  entirely  to 
religious  life.  He  died  in  1226 
and  was  canonized  in  1228. 

Locksley  Hall  Sixty  Tears 
After 

FRANK.     See    Francis,    Francis. 
Allen 

FRANKFORT. 

On-the-Main,  one  of  the  old 
free  cities  of  Germany. 

To  Strasburg,  Antwerp,  Frankfort,  Zurich, 
Worms, 
Geneva,  Basle — our  Bishops  from  their  sees 
Or  fled,  they  say,  or  flying — 

Queen  Mary. 
FRIAR  TUCK. 

Robin  Hood's  chaplain.  He 
is  represented  as  being  fat  and 
very  self-indulgent,  and  a  very 
humorous  character.  He  was 
a  monk  of  Fountains  Abbey, 
which  was  of  the  Cistercian 
order,  and  wore  a  red  corded 
girdle    ornamented    with    gold 


140  [FUR 

twist,  red  stockings  and  a  wallet. 
He  was  nick-named  '  Tuck  '  on 
account  of  his  dress  being  tucked 
at  the  waist  by  a  girdle. 

In  this  our  spacious  Isle,  I  thinke  there  is 

not  one, 
But  he  hath  heard  some  talke  of  him  and 

Little  John  ; 
And  to  the  end  of  time,  the  Tales  shall  ne'e  r 

be  done, 
Of  Scarlock,  George  a  Greene  and  Much,  the 

Millers  sonne, 
Of  Tuck,  the  merry  Frier,  which  many  a  Ser- 
mon made, 
In  praise  of  Robin  Hood,  his  Out-lawes,  and 

their  Trade.' 

Drayton :    Polyolbion.    Five  and   twentieth 

Song. 

The  Foresters. 
FROG. 

An  amphibious  animal  of  the 
genus  Rana,  remarkable  for  its 
activity  in  swimming  and 
leaping. 

On  Translations  of  Homer. 

FROTHFLY. 

Also  called  froth-worm  and 
frog-fly  ;  a  small  insect  which 
in  its  larva  state  is  found  on 
plants,  enveloped  in  a  frothy 
liquid. 

Aylmer's  Field. 

FULVIA. 

The  first  wife  of  Mark  An- 
tony and  a  woman  of  dissolute 
character.  In  40  B.C.,  during 
Antony's  absence  from  Rome, 
she  raised  a  revolt  in  Italy 
against  Augustus,  and  was  be- 
sieged in  Perusia.  On  its  fall 
she  escaped  and  fled  to  Antony. 
Cleopatra  likens  her  to  Eleanor, 
the  queen  of  Henry  II,  hence  : 

You  should  have  clung  to  Fulvia's  waist,   and 
thrust 
The  dagger  thro'  her  side.' 

Dream  of  Fair  Women. 

FURY— FURIES. 

The    three    Greek   goddesses 


FUR] 


I4I 


[GAL 


of  vengeance :  named  Alecto 
(She  who  rests  not)  ;  Tisi- 
phone  (avenger  of  murder)  ; 
and  Negara  (the  jealous  one). 
They  were  the  daughters  of 
Gaia  and  Uranus,  and  resided 
at  the  court  of  Pluto.  They 
punished  without  mercy  all 
wicked  doers,  haunting  them 
on  earth  and  scourging  them 
in  hell. 

Vision    of    Sin ;     Lucretius ; 

In        Memoriam ;       Maud, ; 

Sisters  {Evelyn  and  Edith). 

FURZE. 

A  thorny  evergreen  shrub 
with  yellow  flowers. 

Becket. 

FUZZ. 

= Furze. 

Northern  Farmer,  Old  Style. 

GABRIEL. 

The  archangel,  who  an- 
nounced to  the  Virgin  Mary  the 
solemn  intimation  that  God  had 
elected  her  to  be  the  mother  of 
the  Messiah.  Daniel  vii.  15-27. 
Luke  i.  26. 

By  the  Mohammedans  he  is 
called  the  '  Holy  Spirit '  and 
'  Spirit  of  Truth  '  and  is  be- 
lieved to  have  dictated  the 
Koran  to  Mahomet. 

Milton. 

GAD-FLY. 

A  fly  which  deposits  its  eggs 
in  the  skin  of  cattle. 
The  Princess  ;   The  Foresters. 

GAFFER. 

Then  yelp'd  the  cur,  and  yawl'd  the  cat ; 
Ran  Gaffer,  stumbled  Gammer. 


The  goose      ew  this  way  and  flew  that, 
And  filled    the  house  with  clamour. 


:A  rustic. 


The  Goose. 


GAFFER  DEATH. 

but  if 

You  starve  me  I  be  Gaffer  Death  hims  elf. 

=A  Goodman. 

The  Foresters. 
GALAHAD. 

Son  of  sir  Lancelot  and 
Elaine  and  a  Knight  of  the 
Round  Table.  Famous  in 
Arthurian  legend  for  his  suc- 
cess in  the  quest  of  the  Holy 
Grail.  Malory  says  :  '  and  he 
was  named  Galahad  because 
sir  Launcelot  was  so  named  at 
the  fontain-stone ;  and  after 
that,  the  Lady  of  the  Lake  con- 
firmed him  sir  Launcelot  du 
Lake.'  He  was  known  as  the 
knight  of  the  '  long  isles  '  and 
was  always  clad  in  white  armour. 
His  sword  was  the  one  which 
Balin  released  from  the  scabbard 
brought  by  the  damsel  to  the 
court  of  king  Arthur,  and  |  his 
shield  was  snow-white  on  which 
Joseph  of  Arimathaea  made  a 
cross  with  his  blood.  Sir  Gala- 
had was  called  the  '  perfect 
knight,'  being  the  only  knight 
who  could  sit  in  the  '  Siege 
Perilous,'  a  seat  reserved  for  the 
knight  who  was  successful  in  his 
search  for  the  Holy  Grail.  Sir 
Galahad,  with  sir  Bors  and  sir 
Percivale  went  in  quest  of  the 
Grail,  but  only  Galahad  was 
permitted  to  see  the  vision  with 
the  bodily  eyes  after  which  his 
soul  was  borne  to  heaven. 

Merlin  and  Vivien  ;    Lan- 


GAL] 


142 


[GAR 


celot    and    Elaine ;      Holy 
Grail ;  Becket. 

GALATIA. 

An  ancient  district  of  Asia 
Minor.  It  derived  its  name 
from  the  Gauls  who  took  posses- 
sion of  it  in  the  third  century 
b.c.  In  25  B.C.,  during  the  reign 
of  Augustus,  Galatia  was  made 
a  Roman  province. 

The  Cup. 

GALATTAN  ARTEMIS. 

See  Ephesian  Artemis. 

GALAXY. 

Like  to  some  branch  of  stars  we  see 
Hung  in  the  golden  Galaxy. 

The  Milky  Way,  or  the  lumin- 
ous band  of  stars  stretching 
across  the  heavens. 

Lady  of  Shalott. 

GALEN.    See  Court-Galen. 

GALILEE. 

for  she  walks, 
Wearing  the  light  yoke  of  that  Lord  of  love 
Who  stuTd  the  rolling  wave  of  Galilee ! 

Has  reference  to   Christ  re- 
buking the  storm  on  the  Sea  of 
Galilee.     Matthew     viii.      26 ; 
Mark  iv.  39  ;  Luke  viii.  24. 
Aylmer's  Field. 

GAMA. 

Father  of  princess  Ida. 
prince  Arac  says  : 

His  name  was  Gama ;  crack'd  and  small  his 

voice, 
But  bland  the  smile  that  like  a  wrinkling 

wind 
On  glassy  water  drove  his  cheek  in  lines  ; 
A  little  dry  old  man,  without  a  star, 
Not  like  a  king : 

Prince  Arac  visited  him,  and 
reminded  him  of  the  former 
compact.     Gama   explained    to 


Arac  the  new  ideas  of  Ida  con- 
cerning the  college  for  women, 
and  said  his  chance  of  winning 
her  was  almost  as  nothing. 
Gama  suggested  war,  but  the 
prince  objected  to  its  almost 
inevitable  accompaniments,  and 
wished  to  win  his  bride  in  some 
better  way 

The  Princess. 

GAMEL. 

A  Northumberland  Thane, 
son  of  Orm.  Was  by  treachery 
murdered  by  earl  Tostig,  who 
had  invited  him  into  his  room 
on  pretence  of  peace. 

Harold. 

GAMMER. 

Then  yelp'd  the  cur,  and  yawl'd  the  cat ; 

Ran  Gaffer,  stumbled  Gammer. 
The  goose  flew  this  way  and  flew   that, 

And  fill'd  the  house  with  clamour. 

=An  old  woman. 

The  Goose. 

GANYMEDE. 

A  beautiful  youth,  son  of 
Tros,  king  of  Dardania,  whom 
Zeus,  attracted  by  his  beauty, 
carried  off  disguised  as  an  eagle 
to  heaven,  and  conferring  im- 
mortality upon  him,  made  him 
cup-bearer  to  the  gods  in  place 
of  Hebe.  As  a  compensation 
to  Tros,  Zeus  presented  him 
with  four  immortal  horses  for 
his  chariot. 

Or  else  flush'd  Ganymede,  his  rosy  thigh 
Half-buried  in  the  Eagle's  down, 

Sole  as  a  flying  star  shot  thro'  the  sky 
Above  the  pillar'd  town. 

Palace  of  Art  ;  Will  Water- 
proofs Lyrical  Monologue  ; 
The  Princess. 

GARCIA      (Villa).       See       Villa 
Garcia. 


<JAR] 


H3 


[GAR 


CARD  A. 
CARDA  LAKE. 

An  Italian  lake  on  the  edge 
of  the  plain  of  Lombardy. 

Queen  Mary  ;    Frater  Ave 
Atque  Vale. 

GARDINER  (Stephen). 

Bishop  of  Winchester,  born 
1483.  Private  secretary  to  Wol- 
sey ;  in  1528  sent  as  ambas- 
sador to  pope  Clement  VII, 
he  obtained  a  second  commis- 
sion on  the  royal  divorce  ques- 
tion ;  after  Wolsey's  fall  acted 
as  secretary  to  Henry  VIII ; 
created  bishop  of  Winchester 
1531  ;  ambassador  in  France 
1531-32 ;  falling  into  dis- 
favour he  was  ousted  from  the 
council  and  the  chancellorship 
of  Cambridge,  deprived  of  his 
see,  and  was  imprisoned  in  the 
Tower  during  the  whole  of  the 
reign  of  Edward  VI.  On 
Mary's  accession  he  was  liber- 
ated, reinstated,  and  made  Lord 
Chancellor  ;  opposed  the  Span- 
ish marriage  and  advocated 
severe  measures  against  Eliza- 
beth, whom  he  caused  to  be 
declared  illegitimate  by  Act  of 
Parliament.  He  died  in  1555. 
Queen  Mary. 
GARETH. 

A  Knight  of  the  Round  Table, 
who  '  underwent  the  sooty  yoke 
of  kitchen-vassalage.'  Malory 
says  that  he 

'  was  the  youngest  son  of  Lot,  king  of  Orkney 
and  Morgawse,  Arthur's  sister,' 

but  according  to  Tennyson  he 
was 

'  the  last  and  tallest  son  of  Lot  king  of  Orkney 
and  of  Bellicent  his  wife. 


In  order  to  please  his  mother 
he  concealed  his  name  and 
served  as  kitchen-knave  at 
Arthur's  court  for  a  twelve- 
month and  a  day,  and  on 
account  of  his  large  hands  was 
by  sir  Kay  nicknamed  Fair- 
hands  : 

And  since  he  hath  no  name,  I  shall  give  him 
a  name  that  shall  be  Beaumains,  that  is  Fair- 
hands. 
Malory :  Morte  d?  Arthur,  Book  VII.  chap.  i. 

At  the  end  of  the  twelve- 
month he  was  knighted,  and  a 
maiden  called  Lynette  (q.v.) 
went  to  king  Arthur  to  ask  for 
a  knight  to  deliver  her  sister 
Lyonors  (q.v.),  who  was  held 
captive  in  Castle  Perilous.  The 
king  gave  the  quest  to  Gareth, 
but  Lynette  became  indignant 
and  treated  him  with  indignity, 
calling  him  '  a  master  of  dishes 
and  a  kitchen  knave.'  He 
bravely  endured  her  insults, 
and  eventually  won  her  admira- 
tion by  his  courageously  slaying 
the  four  knights  who  kept  the 
passage  to  Castle  Perilous  and 
liberating  her  sister,  whom, 
according  to  Malory,  he  married. 
Tennyson  however  makes  him 
marry  Lynette. 

And  he  that  told  the  tale  in  older  times 
Says  that  Sir  Gareth  wedded  Lyonors, 
But  he,  that  told  it  later,  says  Lynette. 

Gareth  was  slain  by  sir  Lan- 
celot in  the  rescue  of  Guinevere 
from  the  stake. 

Gareth  and  Lynette  ;  Lan- 
celot and  Elaine. 

GARGARDS. 

Behind  the  valley  topmost  Gargarus 
Stands  up  and  takes  the  morning  : 

The  highest  peak  of  the  Ida 


GAR] 


range    rising   about   4,600   feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

(Enone. 

GARLON. 

A  Knight  of  the  Round 
Table.  He  was  a  man  of 
secrecy,  and  went  about  in- 
visible inflicting  wounds.  He 
was  slain  at  a  feast  by  Balin 
in  revenge  for  having  slain  two 
of  his  (Balin's)  knights. 

Soon  Balin  asked  a  knight.  Is  there  not 
a  knight  in  this  court  whose  name  is  Garlon  ? 
Yonder  he  goeth,  said  a  knight,  he  with  the 
black  face  ;  he  is  the  marvellest  knight  that 
is  now  living,  for  he  destroyeth  many  good 
knights,  for  he  goeth  invisible.  .  .  .  There- 
with this  Garlon  espied  that  this  Balin  behind 
him,  and  then  he  came  and  smote  Balin  on 
the  face  with  the  back  of  his  hand.  .  .  . 
Give  me  the  truncheon,  said  Balin  to  his 
lady,  wherewith  he  slew  your  knight  .  .  . 
and  therewith  Balin  smote  him  through  the 
body,  and  said  openly,  With  that  truncheon 
thou  hast  slain  a  good  knight,  and  now  it 
sticketh  in  thy  body. 

Malory  :  Morte  d Arthur,  Book  II.  chap.  xiv. 

Balin  and  Balan. 

GARRICK. 

David  Garrick,  dramatist, 
born  at  Hereford,  171 7  ;  was 
a  pupil  of  Samuel  Johnson, 
whom  he  accompanied  to  Lon- 
don in  1737.  Four  years  later 
he  commenced  his  career  as  an 
actor  and  in  1747  became,  with 
Lacy,  joint -proprietor  of  Drury 
Lane  Theatre,  which  he  con- 
tinued to  direct  until  his  retire- 
ment from  the  stage  in  1776, 
when  he  sold  his  half-share  for 
£35,000.  He  died  in  1779, 
and  was  buried  in  Westminster 
Abbey.  In  all  Saints  Church, 
Hereford,  a  brass  plate  bears 
the  following  inscription  :  '  In 
memory  of  David  Garrick,  who 
was  born  in  this  parish,  and 
baptized   in  this  Church,  28th 


144  [GAW 

February  171 7,  and  was  interred 
in  Westminster  Abbey.' 

To  W .  C.  Macready. 
GASCON. 

and  most  amorous 
Of  good  old  red  sound  liberal  Gascon  wine  ! 

=Wine     from     Gascony,     a 
province  of  France. 

Becket. 
GAWAIN. 

A  Knight  of  the  Round  Table, 
son  of  king  Lot,  nephew  of  king 
Arthur,  and  brother  of  Modred 
and  Gareth.  He  was  the  second 
of  the  fifty  knights  created  by 
Arthur,  and  was  considered  to 
be  the  most  reckless  and  irrever- 
ent of  them  all.  He  fought 
with,  and  struck  off  the  head 
of  sir  Priamus,  but  the  headless 
knight  picked  up  his  head  again 
and  walked  away,  requesting 
sir  Gawain  to  meet  him  twelve 
months  hence.  Gawain  kept 
the  appointment  and  was 
sumptuously  entertained  by 
Priamus.  Gawain  counselled 
king  Arthur  not  to  be  over 
hasty  in  punishing  Guinevere 
for  her  unfaithfulness.  Ga- 
wain was  considered  at  first  to 
be  the  hero  of  the  quest  of  the 
Holy  Grail,  but  was  deprived 
of  that  honour  by  Malory. 
According  to  the  prophecy  of 
Merlin  Gawain  fell  in  fighting 
for  king  Arthur  against  sir 
Lancelot  in  Benwick;  and 
previous  to  the  '  last  weird 
battle  in  the  west '  Arthur  is 
represented  as  seeing  the  ghost 
of  Gawain  '  blown  along  a 
wandering  wind '  and  crying- 
out. 


GEM] 


H5 


[GEO 


Then,  ere  that  last  weird  battle  in  the  west, 
There  came  on  Arthur  sleeping,  Gawain  kill'd 
In  Lancelot's  war,  the  ghost  of  Gawain  blown 
Along  a  wandering  wind,  and  past  his  ear 
Went  shrilling,  '  Hollow,  hollow  all  delight  ! 
Hail,  King  !  to-morrow  thou  shalt  pass  away. 
Farewell !  there  is  an  isle  of  rest  for  thee. 
And  I  am  blown  along  a  wandering  wind, 
And  hollow,  hollow,  hollow  all  delight.' 

To  which  sir  Bedivere  replied: 

'  O  me,  my  King,  let  pass  whatever  will, 
E  Ives,  and  the  harmless  glamour  of  the  field  ; 
But  in  their  stead  thy  name  and  glory  cling 
To  all  high  places  like  a  golden  cloud 
For  ever :  but  as  yet  thou  shalt  not  pass. 
Light  was  Gawain  in  life,  and  light  in  death 
Is  Gawain,  for  the  ghost  is  as  the  man ; 
And  care  not  thou  for  dreams  from  him, 

but  rise — 
I  hear  the  steps  of  Modred  in  the  west, 

Coming  of  Arthur  ;  Gareth 
and  Lynette  ;  Lancelot  and 
Elaine  ;  Holy  Grail ;  Pel- 
leas  and  Ettarre ;  Last 
Tournament ;  Passing  of 
Arthur. 

GEMINI. 

The  Twins,  two  stars  in  the 
southern  hemisphere,  named 
Castor  and  Pollux. 

Maud  ;  The  Foresters. 

GENEVA. 

A  city  of  Switzerland. 

To  Strasburg,  Antwerp,  Frankfort,  Zurich 
Worms, 
Geneva,  Basle— our  Bishops  from  their  sees 
Or  fled,  they  say,  or  flying — 

Queen  Mary. 

GEOFFREY  (of  Monmouth). 

A  Welsh  monk  and  cele- 
brated chronicler  and  ecclesi- 
astic of  the  twelfth  century, 
born  in  Monmouth,  where  he 
was  educated  in  a  Benedictine 
monastery.  In  this  monastery 
there  is  a  chamber — with  a 
projecting  window,  called 
'  Geoffrey's  window  ' — said  to 
have  been  used  by  the  monk 
as  a  study.  Chaplain  till  1128 
to  count  William  of  Normandy  ; 


archdeacon  of  Monmouth, 
1 140;  created  bishop  of  St. 
Asaph  1 152.  His  chief  work  is 
Chronicon  sive  Historia  Briton- 
um,  which  was  the  basis  of  a 
number  of  works  of  the  Ar- 
thurian cycle  (n 00-1154). 
To  the  Queen,  II. 

GEOFFREY. 

GEOFFREY  PLANTAGENET. 

Son  of  Rosamund  and  Henry 
II. 

Becket. 

GEORGE. 

Patron  Saint  of  England,  re- 
presented on  horseback  slaying 
a  dragon.  He  is  supposed  to 
have  sprung  from  Cappadocia, 
and  to  have  suffered  martyrdom 
under  Diocletian,  a.d.  303. 
The  historian  Gibbon  identifies 
him  with  George  of  Cappa- 
docia the  Arian  archbishop  of 
Alexandria,  who,  for  his  tyranny 
and  oppression  was  massacred 
by  the  people,  December  24, 
361.  Clapton  in  his  Life  of 
St.  George,  says  : 

It  is  unfortunate  that  the  life  history  of 
this  saintly  martyr  has  been  absurdly  mixed 
up,  even  by  the  historian  Gibbon,  with  that 
of  the  Arian  George  of  Cappadocia,  who  lived 
more  than  half  a  century  later,  became  by 
fraud  archbishop  of  Alexandria,  and  turned 
out  so  great  a  villain  that  he  was  lynched 
by  his  own  people,  and  his  body  cast  into  the 
sea. 

The  historical  reason  for  the 
introduction  of  the  saint  in 
England  is  this : — In  the  wars 
of  the  Crusades  he  is  said  to 
have  appeared  at  the  head  of  a 
large  army,  carrying  a  banner 
with  a  red  cross  engraved  upon 
it,  to  help  Godfrey  de  Bouillon 
L 


GEO] 


146 


[GER 


against    the    Saracens    at    the 
siege  of  Antioch. 

A  bloodie  Crosse  he  bore, 

The  deare  remembraunce  of  his  dying  Lord. 

In  a  vision  Richard  Cceur  de 
Lion  was  bidden  to  take  for 
his  battle-cry  '  Saint  George 
for  England.'  This  he  did, 
and  won  the  day,  and  St. 
George  was  adopted  by  Richard 
as  his  patron  saint. 

By  the  decree  of  the  Council 
of  Oxford,  in  1222,  the  festival 
of  St.  George  assumed  a  na- 
tional character,  but  it  was  not 
until  1349,  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  III,  that  he  was  defin- 
itely recognized  as  the  nation's 
patron  saint. 

About  126  churches  are  dedi- 
cated to  his  honour,  and  it  was 
under  the  flag  of  St.  George 
that  Nelson  won  the  battle  of 
the  Nile.  The  Union  Jack, 
the  national  flag  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  consists 
of  a  combination  of  the  three 
crosses  of  St.  George,  St.  An- 
drew and  St.  Patrick,  denoting 
the  union  of  England,  Scotland 
and  Ireland. 

At  St.  Neot  in  Cornwall,  the 
life  of  the  saint  is  depicted  in 
twelve  panels  of  stained  glass, 
beneath  each  of  which  is  a 
Latin  scroll : 

1.  S.     George    fights     against 

the  Gauls. 

2.  He    is    captured    by    them 

and  slain  at  the  shrine 
of  the  Blessed  Virgin, 
who 

3.  brings  him  back  to  life  from 

the  grave,  and 


4.  arms  him. 

5.  He   rescues   Princess   Cleo- 

dolinda    and    slays    the 
dragon. 

6.  He  is  arrested  for  treason 

and  brought  before  the 
king. 

7.  His  body  is  torn  with  rakes. 

8.  On  hands  and  knees  he  is 

ridden  by  the  emperor's 
son. 

9.  He  is  heavily  weighted  and 

hung  by  the  wrists. 

10.  He  is  set  in  boiling  lead. 

11.  He   is   dragged   by   a  wild 

horse. 

12.  He  is  beheaded. 

The  Foresters. 

GERAINT. 

A  tributary  prince  of  Devon, 
and  brother  of  Gareth  and  one 
of  the  Knights  of  the  Round 
Table.  He  was  married  to 
Enid  (q.v.)  only  child  of  Yniol. 
Overhearing  the  latter  part  of 
her  speech,  he  charged  her  with 
unfaithfulness,  and  commanded 
her  to  put  on  her  meanest  dress 
and  follow  him  silently  through 
the  world.  Being  wounded  in 
fighting  against  the  Saxons,  Enid 
nursed  him  with  such  devotion 
that  he  could  no  longer  doubt 
her  fealty,  confessed  his  error, 
and  they  lived  together  happily. 

nor  did  he  doubt  her  more, 
But  rested  in  her  fealty,  till  he  crown'd 
A  happy  life  with  a  fair  death,  and  fell 
Against  the  heathen  of  the  Northern  Sea 
In  battle,  fighting  for  the  blameless  King. 

Marriage  of  Geraint ;  Ger- 
aint  and  Enid;  Lancelot 
and  Elaine. 


GER] 


H7 


[GLA 


GERMANY. 

On  Translations  of  Homer  ; 
Becket. 
GHOUL. 

An  imaginary  eastern  demon, 
who  was  supposed  to  subsist 
on  human  flesh. 

Ancient  Sage. 
GIDEON. 

The  Israelite  judge,  who  was 
appointed  by  God  to  destroy 
the  altar  and  groves  of  Baal. 
With  a  small  army  of  300  men 
he  gained  a  complete  victory 
over  the  Midianites.  See 
Judges,  chap.  vii.  The  refer- 
ence here  is  to  Napoleon,  who 
with  a  mighty  army  thought  to 
conquer  the  world,  but  was 
defeated  by  the  British  both  in 
Egypt  and  at  Trafalgar — 

1  at  Trafalgar  yet  once  more 
We  taught  him  :  late  he  learned  humility 
Perforce,  like  those  whom  Gideon  school'd 
with  briers. 

Buonaparte. 
GIGGLESBY  GREEAN. 

But  wa  boath  was  i'  such  a  clat  we  was 
shaamed  to  cross  Gigglesby  Greean, 

Spinster's  Sweet-Arts. 
GIGGLESBY  HINN. 

Sa  we  boath  on  us  kep  out  o'  sight  o'  the 
winders  o'  Gigglesby  Hinn — 

minster's  Sweet-Arts. 


Spi 


GIGGLESBY  WOOD. 

By  the  claay'd-oop  pond,  that  the  foalk 
be  sa  scared  at,  i'  Gigglesby  wood, 

Spinster's  Sweet- Arts. 

GILBERT  BECKET. 

A  London  merchant  and  a 
native  of  Rouen ;  father  of 
Thomas  Becket,  archbishop  of 
Canterbury. 

Becket. 


GILBERT  FOLIOT. 

Bishop  of  London,  prior  of 
Clugny  and  Abbeville  and  after- 
wards abbot  of  Gloucester ; 
created  bishop  of  Hereford  in 
1 147,  and  translated  to  London 
in  1 1 63  ;  opposed  election  of 
Becket  to  the  archbishoprick  of 
Canterbury,  and  refused  to 
yield  him  obedience  ;  excom- 
municated by  Becket  in  1167, 
and  again  in  1169,  but  was  ab- 
solved at  Rouen  in  the  follow- 
ing year ;  consecrated  Henry 
IPs  eldest  son  for  which  act  he 
was  again  excommunicated  and 
again  absolved  in  1172. 

Becket. 

GILEADITE. 

The  daughter  of  the  warrior  Gileadite, 
A  maiden  pure ;  as  when  she  went  along 

From  Mizpeh's  tower'd  gate  with  welcome 
light, 
With  timbrel  and  with  song. 

Has  reference  to  Jephthah, 
one  of  the  Judges  of  Israel.  See 
Judges  xi. 

Dream  of  Fair  Women. 

GILLYFLOWERS. 

A  name  given  by  old  writers 
to  the  clove  pink. 

Aylmer's  Field. 

GIOVANNA     (The     Lady).      See 
Federigo  degli  Alberighi. 

GLASTONBURY. 

A  city  in  Somerset,  built  in 
the  form  of  a  cross  and  situated 
on  the  peninsula  formed  by 
the  river  Brue  called  the  Isle 
of  Avalon.  It  was  one  of  the 
earliest  centres  of  Christianity 
in  Britain ;  its  abbey  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  founded  by 


GLI] 


148 


[GOD 


Joseph  of  Arimathaea,  and 
the  place  where  he  is  represented 
to  have  landed  in  his  boat  with 
the  Holy  Grail.  On  setting 
foot  on  land  he  planted  his 
pilgrim's  staff  which  took  root, 
and  grew  into  a  holy  thorn 
which  miraculously  blossomed 
every  old  Christmas-eve  until 
it  was  cut  down  by  a  puritan 
soldier,  who  was  maimed  in  the 
act.  A  graft  of  the  thorn  is 
however  supposed  to  exist. 
King  Arthur  is  supposed  to 
have  been  buried  in  the  abbey. 
Balin  and  Balan ;  Holy 
Grail. 

GLIMMER-GOWK. 

=An  owl. 

Village  Wife. 

GLO'STER  (Gloucester). 

Becket. 

GLOW-WORM. 

A  beetle  of  the  genus  Lam- 
pyris,  having  phosphorescent 
structures     on     the     abdomen. 

like  a  glow-worm  in  the  nigh 
The  which  hath  fire  in  darkness,  none  in  light  : 
Shakespeare  :  Pericles,  Act  II.  Scene  Hi. 

Vision  of  Sin;  The  Princess  ; 
Becket ;   The  Foresters. 

GNAT. 

A  genus  of  troublesome 
winged  insects  of  numerous 
species. 

Caress'' 'd  or  Chidden  ;  Day- 
Dream ;  Merlin  and 
Vivien ;  Lancelot  and 
Elaine  ;  Vastness  ;  Harold. 

GNOME. 

An  imaginary  creature,  repre- 


sented as  a  protector  of  mines 
and  quarries. 

Merlin  and  the  Gleam. 

GOAN  PADRE. 

And  when  the  Goan  Padre  quoting  Him, 
Issa  Ben  Mariam,  his  own  prophet,  cried 
'  Love  one  another  little  ones,'  and  '  bless  ' 
Whom  ?  even  '  your  persecutors  ' ! 

Goan :      a    place    in    India. 
Padre  :    a  priest. 

Akbar's  Dream. 
GOAT. 

A  ruminating  quadruped, 
allied  to  the  sheep. 

(Enone  ;  Morte  d?  Arthur  ; 
Locksley  Hall ;  The  Prin- 
cess ;  Merlin  and  Vivien  ; 
Last  Tournament ;  Passing 
of  Arthur. 

GODIVA. 

Wife  of  Leofric,  earl  of 
Mercia  and  lord  of  Coventry. 
About  1040,  in  order  to  save 
Coventry  from  excessive  taxa- 
tion, she  consented  to  ride 
naked  through  the  streets  of 
that  city.  The  deed  is  com- 
memorated by  a  stained-glass 
window  in  St.  Michael's  Church, 
Coventry,  bearing  the  inscrip- 
tion : 

I  Luriche,  for  the  love  of  thee, 
Doe  make  Coventre  tol-free. 

The  legend  of  the  prying, 
inquisitive  tailor,  who  looked 
out  of  a  window  being  struck 
blind  was  also  commemorated 
in  an  effigy  of  '  Peeping  Tom 
of  Coventry  '  which  long  pro- 
truded from  an  upper  window 
in  High  Street,  adjoining  the 
King's  Head  Tavern. 

Godiva. 


€0D] 


149 


[GOO 


GODSTOW. 
GODSTOW  NUNNERY. 

He  bad  me  put  her  into  a  nunnery — 
Into  Godstow,  into  Hellstow,  Devilstow  ! 
The  Church  !  the  Church ! 
God's  eyes ! 

A  nunnery  on  the  banks  of 
the  Isis,  two  miles  from  Ox- 
ford, the  ruins  of  which  may 
still  be  seen.  It  was  founded 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  I  by 
Editha,  a  lady  of  Winchester. 
Rosamund  de  Clifford  (q.v), 
the  mistress  of  Henry  II,  was 
buried  here  in  1177. 

Becket. 

GODWIN. 

Earl  of  the  West  Saxons, 
being  appointed  by  Canute ; 
married  a  daughter  of  Ulf, 
Canute's  brother-in-law.  In 
1042  took  a  prominent  part 
in  raising  to  the  English  throne 
Edward  the  Confessor,  to  whom 
he  married  his  daughter  Edith, 
and  headed  the  national  party 
against  the  Norman  favourites. 
On  the  accession  of  Jumieges 
to  the  See  of  Canterbury  the 
old  charge  of  having  caused  the 
death  of  Alfred  the  Atheling 
was  revived,  and  in  105 1  was, 
with  his  sons,  outlawed  and 
took  refuge  with  count  Baldwin 
of  Flanders.  He  returned  in 
the  following  year  and  was 
restored  to  favour,  and  died  in 
1054  of  apoplexy  while  dining 
with  the  king. 

Harold. 

GOLDEN  FLEECE. 

and  five  days  after  that 
He  met  the  bailifl  at  the  Golden  Fleece, 

The  name  of  an  Inn.    Has 


reference  to  the  fleece  of  a  ram 
which  Phryxos,  after  he  had 
sacrificed  it  to  Zeus,  gave  to 
iEetes,  king  of  Colchis,  who 
hung  it  on  a  sacred  oak,  and 
had  it  guarded  by  a  dragon. 
It  was  however  stolen  by  Jason 
in  his  Argonautic  expedition. 
The  Brook. 

GOLDEN  FLEECE. 

An  order  of  knighthood  in- 
stituted in  1429  by  Philip,  duke 
of  Burgundy. 

hanging  down  from  this 
The  Golden  Fleece — and  round  his  knee,  mis- 
placed 
Our  English  Garter, 


GOLD-LILY. 


Queen  Mary. 


Edwin  Morris. 


GOLDSMITHS  (Immanuel).     See 
Immanuel  Goldsmiths. 

GOLIATH. 

There  is  one 
Come  as  Goliath  came  of  yore — he  flings 
His  brand  in  air  and  catches  it  again, 
He  is  chanting  some  old  warsong. 

Has  reference  to  the  landing 
in  England  of  William,  duke  of 
Normandy.     See  1  Samuel  xvii. 
Harold. 

GOOD  FORTUNE. 

Name  of  a  ship. 

prosperously  sail'd 
The  ship 'Good  Fortune,'  tho'  at  setting  forth 
The  Biscay,  roughly  riding  eastward, 

Enoch  Arden. 

GOOSE. 

An  aquatic  fowl  of  the  genus 
Anser. 

The    Goose  ;     The    Brook  ; 
Maud ;  Gareth         and 

Lynette  ;  Last  Tournament ; 
Becket ;     The   Foresters. 


GOR] 


150 


[GRE 


GORGON. 

A  hideous  looking  creature 
with  a  hissing  serpent  on  her 
head  in  place  of  hair,  the  sight 
of  whom  turned  the  beholder 
to  stone.  Perseus,  son  of  Zeus 
and  Danae,  being  armed  with 
a  sharp  sickle,  discovered  the 
Gorgons  asleep,  cut  off  Me- 
dusa's head,  and  thrusting  it  into 
a  bag  flew  away,  being  pursued 
by  two  other  gorgons. 

Lest  Gorgon  rising  from  the  infernal  lakes, 
With  horrors  arm'd,  and  curls  of  hissing  snakes, 
Should  fix  me,  stiff en'd  at  the  monstrous  sight, 
A  stony  image,  in  eternal  night  ! 

Homer  :    Odyssey,  Book  XI. 

Death  of  (Enone. 

GORLOIS. 

Lord  of  Tintagel  in  Cornwall. 
He  is  by  some  authorities  con- 
sidered to  be  the  father  of  king 
Arthur.  His  daughter  Belli- 
cent  became  the  wife  of  Lot, 
king  of  Orkney. 

Sir,  for  ye  know  that  in  King  Arthur's  time 
The  prince  and  warrior  Gorlois,  he  that  held 
Tintagil  castle  by  the  Cornish  sea, 
Was  wedded  with  a  winsome  wife,  Ygerne  : 

Coming  of  Arthur. 
GORSE. 

=the  furze,  a  prickly  shrub 
with  yellow  flowers. 

Voyage  of  Maeldune. 

GRACES. 

The  Graces  were  three  god- 
desses named  Aglaia,  Thalia,  and 
Euphrosyne,  representing  Grace, 
Gentleness  and  Beauty. 

Vision  of  Sin  ;  The  Princess. 

GRAIL.    See  Holy  Grail. 

GRAMERCY. 

A  word  formerly  used  to 
express  thanks. 

The  Foresters. 


GRASSHOPPER. 

An  insect  that  lives  among 

grass,  closely  allied  to  the  locust. 

Leonine  Elegiacs  ;   (Enone  ; 

Becket. 

GRANADA. 

Queen  Mary. 

GRAY     (Edward).    See     Edward 
Gray. 

GRAYHOUND. 

A  tall  slender  dog  kept  for 
the  chase,  remarkable  for  keen 
sight  and  swiftness. 

Harold. 
GRAYLING. 

And  here  and  there  a  lusty  trout, 
And  here  and  there  a  grayling. 

A  silvery-gray  fish  of  the 
salmon  genus. 

The  Brook. 

GREAT  SEAL. 

The  principal  seal  of  England 
with  which  all  state  documents 
are  stamped. 

Becket. 

GREAT  SILENCE. 

Ay,  sir, 
Inherit  the  Great  Silence. 

=be  killed. 

Queen  Mary. 
GREECE. 

(Enone. 

GREENWICH. 


Queen  Mary. 


GREGORY. 


I,  true  son 
Of  Holy  Church — no  croucher  to  the  Gregories 
That  tread  the  kings  their  children  underheel — 

Refers  to  the  popes  in  general, 
more  particularly  to  Gregory 
VII,  pope  of  Rome  from  1073 
to   1085  A.D. 

Becket. 


GRE] 


151 


[GUI 


GREGORY. 

Did  not  Great  Gregory  bid  St.  Austin  here 
Found    two    archbishopricks,    London    and 
York? 

=Gregory  I,  pope  of  Rome 
from  590  to  604  a.d. 

Becket. 

GREGORY. 

Not  to  a  Gregory  of  my  throning !    No. 

Becket. 

GRENVILLE   (Sir   Richard).    See 
Richard,  Richard  Grenville. 

GRESHAM    (Sir    Thomas).     See 
Thomas  Gresham. 

GREYS. 

The  Scots  Greys,  who,  with 
the  2nd  squadron  of  Innis- 
killings  made  the  famous  charge 
at  Balaclava. 

Charge  of  the  Heavy  Brigade 
at  Balaclava. 

GRIFFIN. 

A  fabulous  monster  repre- 
sented as  half  Hon  and  half 
eagle. 

Holy    Grail ;     Merlin   and 
the  Gleam. 

GRIFFYTH. 

A  king  of  Wales ;  joined  with 
Elfgar,  earl  of  East  Anglia,  and 
gathering  a  large  army  of  Welsh- 
men and  Irishmen  invaded 
England.  The  earl  of  Here- 
ford, king  Edward's  nephew, 
met  him,  but  was  defeated,  and 
Griffyth  sacked  the  city  of 
Hereford  and  burnt  the  Cathe- 
dral to  the  ground.  Harold, 
earl  of  Wessex,  afterwards  king 
of  England,  was  sent  by  Edward 
the  Confessor  to  avenge  this 
disaster,  and  with  earl  Tostig 


succeeded  in  suppressing  the 
rebellion  (1063).  In  the  same 
year  Griffyth  was  slain  by  his- 
own  men  and  his  head  brought 
to  Harold  who  sent  it  to  the 
king. 

Harold. 

GRIM  (Edward). 

Thou  art  but  yesterday  from  Cambridge, 
Grim ; 
What  say  ye  there  of  Becket  ? 

A  monk  of  Cambridge.  Was 
cross-bearer  to  Thomas  Becket. 
When  the  four  knights — mur- 
derers of  Becket — entered  Can- 
terbury Cathedral,  Grim  stood, 
by  the  archbishop  during  his 
altercation  with  them,  and 
shielded  him  from  their  violence 
until  his  own  arm  was  nearly 
cut  off  by  a  stroke  aimed  at  the 
primate.  Falling  to  the  ground, 
he  crawled  away  to  the  altar 
where  the  other  clerks  had 
taken  refuge,  and  escaped  with 
his  life.  He  was  the  author  of 
a  biography  of  Becket. 

Becket. 

GUANAHANI. 

An  island  in  the  West  Indies 
on  which  Columbus  first  landed 
on  October  12,  1492,  and  to 
which  he  gave  the  name  of  San. 
Salvador. 

and  last  the  light,  the  light 
On  Guanahani !  but  I  changed  the  name ; 
San  Salvador  I  call'd  it ; 

Columbus. 
GUERNSEY. 

Second  in  size  and  population 
of  the  Channel  Islands. 

Queen  Mary. 

GUILDFORD  DUDLEY. 

Fourth  son  of  the  first  duke 


GUI] 


152 


[GUI 


of  Northumberland.  At  the 
instigation  of  his  father — whose 
object  was  to  get  the  succession 
of  the  crown  transferred  from 
Mary — he  married  lady  Jane 
Grey,  daughter  of  the  duke  of 
Suffolk.  The  plot  however 
failed,  and  upon  the  accession 
of  Mary,  Dudley  was  committed 
to  the  Tower,  and  thence  to 
trial  at  the  Guildhall,  where  he 
was  condemned,  sentenced  to 
death  and  beheaded  on  Tower 
Hill,  February  12,  1554. 

Queen  Mary. 
GUINEA-HEN. 

An  African  bird  of  the  pheas- 
ant family,  having  dark-gray 
plumage  variegated  with  small 
white  spots.  The  Brook. 

GUINEVERE. 

Daughter  of  Leodogran,  king 
of  Cameliard. 

Leodogran,  the  King  of  Cameliard, 
Had  one  fair  daughter,  and  none  other  child  : 
And  she  was  fairest  of  all  flesh  on  earth, 
Guinevere,  and  in  her  his  one  delight. 

After  king  Arthur  had  assisted 
king  Leodogran  in  clearing  his 
kingdom  of  wild  beasts  and 
heathen  hordes,  he  sent  three 
of  his  knights  to  Leodogran 
to  ask  for  the  hand  of  Guinevere, 
and  Leodogran  consenting  they 
were  married  by  Dubric,  at 
Camelot,  in  the  church  of  St. 
Stephen's.  She  entertained  a 
guilty  passion  for  sir  Lancelot 
(q.v.)  and  was  in  consequence 
condemned  to  be  burnt.  When 
she  was  at  the  stake  she  was 
rescued  by  Lancelot,  who 
carried  her  off  to  his  castle  at 
Joyous     Guard,     which     castle 


was  besieged  by  Arthur.  Ulti- 
mately Guinevere  was  given  up 
by  Lancelot,  and  received  back 
by  Arthur,  who,  on  the  advice 
of  Gawain  waged  a  second  war 
on  Lancelot  in  Benwick.  Dur- 
ing the  absence  of  Arthur  on 
his  expedition  against  the 
Romans,  Modred,  nephew  of 
Arthur,  who  had  been  left  in 
charge  of  the  kingdom,  traitor- 
ously proclaimed  himself  king, 
and  seized  Guinevere  whom  he 
kept  prisoner.  Upon  receiv- 
ing the  news,  Arthur  hurriedly 
returned,  and  defeating  Modred 
rescued  Guinevere.  After  the 
battle,  she  with  two  other 
queens  received  Arthur  in  a 
barge  and  conveyed  him  to  the 
Isle  of  Avalon,  where  he  died, 
after  which  Guinevere  retired 
to  the  nunnery  at  Almesbury. 

And  when  queen  Guenever  understood  that 
king  Arthur  was  slain  .  .  .  she  went  to 
Almesbury,  and  there  she  let  make  herself 
a  nun,  and  wore  white  clothes  and  black. 
Malory  :  Morte  d' Arthur,  Book  XXI,  chap.  vii. 

and  on  the  death  of  the  Abbess 
was  chosen  as  her  successor, 
and  remained  head  of  the 
establishment  for  a  period  of 
three  years. 

And  likewise  for  the  high  rank  she  had  borne, 
Was  chosen  Abbess,  there,  an  Abbess  lived 
For  three  brief  years,  and  there,  an  Abbess, 

past 
To  where  beyond  these  voices  there  is  peace. 

Her  death  being  revealed  to 
Lancelot  in  a  dream,  he  pro- 
ceeded to  Almesbury,  and 
taking  the  body  of  the  queen 
he  laid  it  by  the  side  of  king 
Arthur  in  the  chapel  of  Glaston- 
bury. 

Sir    Launcelot    and-    Queen 


GUI] 


153 


[GUY 


Guinevere ;  Coming  of 
Arthur  ;  Marriage  of  Ger- 
aint  ;  Balin  and  Balan  ; 
Merlin  and  Vivien  ;  Lan- 
celot and  Elaine ;  Pelleas 
and  Ettarre  ;  Last  Tourna- 
ment ;    Guinevere. 

GUISNES. 

A  town  near  Calais.  The 
garrison  commanded  by  lord 
Grey  was  besieged  and  sur- 
rendered to  the  duke  of  Guise 
in  the  reign  of  Mary. 

Queen  Mary. 

GULISTAN. 

A  Persian  word  for  rose- 
garden. 

'  O  Bulbul,  any  rose  of  Gulistan 
Shall  burst  her  veil : 

The  Princess. 

GULL. 

A  web-footed  sea-fowl  of  the 
genus  Larus. 

Pelleas  and  Ettarre. 

GURNION. 

The  scene  of  king  Arthur's 
eighth  battle  against  the 
Saxons : 

where  Arthur  bore  the  image  of  the  Holy 
Virgin,  Mother  of  God,  upon  his  shoulders, 
and  through  the  power  of  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  and  the  holy  Mary,  put  the  Saxons 
to  flight,  and  pursued  them  the  whole  day 
with  great  slaughter. 

Nennius  :    Six  Chronicles. 

It  is  however  supposed  to 
have  been  the  head  of  the  Virgin 
Mary  engraven  on  the  shield 
borne  by  Arthur. 

and  again 
By  castle  Gurnion,  where  the  glorious  King 
Had  on  his  cuirass  worn  our  Lady's  Head, 
Carved  of  one  emerald  center'd  in  a  sun 
Of  silver  rays,  that  lighten'd  as  he  breathed  ; 

Lancelot  and  Elaine. 
Athwart  his  brest  a  bauldrick  brave  he  ware, 
That  shind,  like  twinkling  stars,  with  stones 
most  pretious  rare. 


And  in  the  midst  thereof  one  pretious  stone 
Of  wondrous  worth,  and  eke  of  wondrous 

mights, 
Shapt  like  a  Ladies  head,  exceeding  shone, 
Like  Hesperus  amongst  the  lesser  lights, 
And  strove  for  to  amaze  the  weaker  sights  : 

Spenser  :   Faerie  Queene,  Book  I.  Canto  vii. 

Amazement  runs  before  the  towering  casque 
Of  Arthur,  bearing  through  the  stormy  field 
The  virgin  sculptured  on  his  Christian  shield : — 
Wordsworth  :  Ecclesiastical  Sonnets,  Part  I. 

Stanza  x. 

The  Castle  of  Gurnion  is 
generally  considered  to  have 
been  in  Wales. 

Lancelot  and  Elaine. 

GURTH. 

Earl  of  East  Anglia  and  son 
of  earl  Godwin  ;  accompanied 
his  father  in  exile  in  1052,  and 
returned  with  him  the  follow- 
ing year ;  succeeded  to  the 
earldom  of  East  Anglia  in  1057. 
He  accompanied  his  brother 
Harold  to  the  battle  of  Stam- 
ford-bridge. Gurth  advised 
Harold  not  to  appear  in  person 
against  William,  but  to  stay 
and  guard  the  city  of  London. 
Fought  by  the  side  of  Harold 
at  the  battle  of  Senlac,  where 
he  threw  a  spear  at  the  charger 
ridden  by  the  Conqueror  and 
killed  it ;  but  William  rushed 
forward  on  foot  and  slew  Gurth 
with  his  own  hand. 

Harold. 

GUY. 

Count  of  Ponthieu.  Earl 
Harold  sailing  one  day  in  a 
fishing  boat  in  the  English 
Channel  was  driven  by  storm 
on  the  coast  of  Ponthieu,  and 
was  taken  prisoner  by  Guy, 
count  of  Ponthieu.  Harold, 
however,  sent  a  message  to 
duke    William    of    Normandy 


GWY] 


154 


[HAM 


complaining  of  the  treatment 
he  had  received,  and  asking  his 
interference.  William  ordered 
his  release,  and  invited  him  to 
his  court,  when  it  is  said  he 
persuaded  Harold  to  swear  to 
assist  him  to  the  crown  of 
England  upon  Edward's  death. 

drave  and  crack'd 
His  boat  on  Ponthieu  beachf;  where  our  friend 

Guy 
Had  wrung  his  ransom  from  him  by  the  rack, 

Harold. 
GWYDION. 

Who,  after,  turn'd  her  daughter  round,  and 

said, 
She  never  yet  had  seen  her  half  so  fair ; 
And  call'd  her  like  that  maiden  in  the  tale, 
Whom   Gwydiou   made   by   glamour   out  of 

flowers, 

The  tale  is  that  of  'Math,' 
son  of  Mathonwy,  who,  with 
Gwydion  sought  to  form,  by- 
enchantment,  a  wife   for  Llew. 

So  they  took  the  blossoms  of  the  oak,  and 
the  blossoms  of  the  broom,  and  the  blossoms 
of  the  meadow-sweet,  and  produced  from 
them  a  maiden,  the  fairest  and  most  graceful 
that  man  ever  saw. 

Guest :  The  Mabinogion  :  Math  the  Son  of 
Mathonwy . 

Marriage  of  Geraint. 

GYNJECEUM. 

The  women's  quarters  in  a 
Greek  house. 

The  Princess. 
HALCYON. 

=the  kingfisher. 

Progress  of  Spring. 

HALE    (Francis).    See     Francis, 
Francis  Hale. 

HALL   (Everard).     See  Everard, 
Everard  Hall. 

The  Epic  ;  Morte  d' Arthur. 

HAMAN. 

but  all  those  that  held  with  him, 
Except  I  plead  for  them,  will  hang  as  high 
As  Haman. 

Has    reference    to    Haman, 


king  Ahasuerus'  chief  minister, 
who  was  hanged  on  the  gallows 
which  he  had  erected  for 
Mordecai.     Esther  vii. 

The  Foresters. 

HAMILTON  (Lady). 

The  daughter  of  a  labourer,, 
born  at  Ness,  Cheshire,  in  1763. 
For  some  years  she  lived  under 
the  protection  of  sir  William 
Hamilton,  whom  she  married 
in  1 791.  She  was  a  woman  of 
extraordinary  beauty,  and  is 
immortalized  in  many  portraits 
by  Romney. 

What !  the  Lady  Hamilton  t 
Good,  I  am  never  weary  painting  you. 

She  subsequently  became  the 
mistress  of  lord  Nelson,  and 
although  a  widow  with  a  fortune, 
fell  into  debt  and  died  in 
poverty  in  181 5. 

Romney,s  Remorse. 

HAMPDEN. 

The  single  note 
From  that  deep  chord  which  Hampden  smote 
Will  vibrate  to  the  doom. 

Has  reference  to  John  Hamp- 
den who  withstood  the  illegal 
exaction  of  Charles  I  in  1627, 
and  whose  refusal  to  pay  ship 
money  in  1635  fed  to  his  being 
tried  before  the  court  of 
exchequer  ;  and  although  judg- 
ment was  given  against  him, 
the  country  expressed  itself 
strongly  on  the  side  of  Hampden 
and  the  Long  Parliament  re- 
versed the  decision  of  the  court. 
England  and  America. 

HAMPTON  COURT. 

A    palace    situated    on    the 
Thames    erected    by    Cardinal 


HAN] 


155 


[HAR 


Wolsey  in.  15 15,  and  presented 
by  him  to  Henry  VIII  in  1526. 
Mary,  Elizabeth,  Cromwell,  the 
Stuarts,  William  III,  and  other 
monarchs  have  resided  there, 
but  since  the  time  of  George 
II  it  has  ceased  to  be  a  royal 
residence,  and  is  now  occupied 
by  pensioners  of  the  crown. 

Queen  Mary. 

HANNIE  (Annie). 

Eldest  child  of  the  village 
squire,  disliked  by  the  village 
wife. 

Hes  fur  Miss  Hannie  the  heldest  ties  now  be 

a-grawin'  sa  howd, 
I  knaws  that  mooch  o*  shea   es  it  beant  not 

fit  to  be  towd  ! 

Village  Wife. 
HANOVER  SHIP. 

And  curse  me  the  British  vermin,  the  rat ; 
I  know  not  whether  he  came  in  the  Hanover 

ship, 
But  I  know  that  he  lies  and  listens  mute 
In  an  ancient  mansion's  crannies  and  holes  : 

Has  reference  to  the  Nor- 
wegian rat,  which  came  to  Eng- 
land during  the  eighteenth 
century.  This  rat  infests  ships 
and  thus  was  carried  into  coun- 
tries where  they  were  unknown. 
The  Jacobites  claimed  that  this 
rat  had  come  to  England  with 
the  House  of  Hanover  in  1714, 
when  George  Ludwig,  elector  of 
Hanover,  succeeded  Anne  on 
the  English  throne,  hence  it  was 
called  the  '  Hanoverian  rat.' 
Maud. 

HAPPY  ISLES. 

It  may  be  we  shall  touch  the  Happy  Isles, 
And  see  the  great  Achilles,  whom  we  knew. 

The  Isles  of  a  happy  abode 
for  the  departed,  identified 
with  the  Canaries  and  the 
Azores.  Ulysses. 


HARDRADA. 

Harold  Hardrada,  king  of 
Norway,  who,  at  the  invitation 
of  earl  Tostig  (q.v)  came  to 
England  and  defeated  Edwin 
and  Morcar  at  the  battle  of 
Fulford  in  Yorkshire,  but  was 
in  turn  defeated  by  Harold  at 
the  battle  of  Stamford-bridge, 
Hardrada  and  Tostig  being 
among  the  slain. 

May  all  invaders  perish  like    Hardrada! 
All  traitors  fail  like  Tostig ! 

Harold. 

HARE. 

A  rodent  of  the  genus  Lepus, 
with  long  ears,  a  short  tail, 
soft  hair,  and  a  divided  upper 
lip. 

Ay  Inter*  s  Field  ;  The  Foresters. 

HAREBELL. 

A  small  branching  plant  with 
pale  blue  bell-shaped  flowers. 
The  Princess  ;  Promise  of  May. 

HARFLEUR. 

A  French  village  on  the 
estuary  of  the  Seine.  In  the 
Hundred  Years'  War  it  was 
taken  after  a  six  months'  siege 
by  the  English  under  Henry 
V  (141 5),  and  during  the  suc- 
ceeding twenty  years  changed 
hands  three  times.  The  town 
was  lost  to  England  on  Novem- 
ber 4,  1435. 

Harold. 

HAROLD. 

King  of  England,  second  soa 
of  earl  Godwin.  Was  in  105 1 
along  with  his  father  banished, 
and  took  refuge  with  count 
Baldwin   of   Flanders.     He   re- 


HAR] 


I56 


[HAR 


turned  the  following  year,  and 
on  Godwin's  death  became  earl 
of  Wessex,  and  the  right  hand 
of  king  Edward  the  Confessor. 
In  1064  he  was  shipwrecked  on 
the  coast  of  Ponthieu  and  taken 
prisoner  by  Guy  (q.v)  count  of 
Ponthieu.     Harold    complained 
to   duke  William  of  Normandy 
of   the   treatment    he   was    re- 
ceiving   at    the    hands    of    the 
count,  and  asked  his    interfer- 
ence.    William  ordered  his  re- 
lease, invited  him  to  his  court, 
where  it  is  said  he  made  him 
swear  that  he  would,  on    the 
death    of    Edward    the    Con- 
fessor, help  to  make  him  king 
of    England.     On     the     death 
of    Edward    Harold    was    pro- 
claimed     king.     His      younger 
brother    Tostig    (q.v.)  rebelled, 
and   invited   over   to    England 
Harold    Hardrada    (q.v.),    king 
of    Norway.     Hardrada    sailed 
up  the  Humber  and  with  Tostig 
defeated  the  English  troops  at 
Fulford    Bridge    in    Yorkshire. 
Harold    however     marched    to 
meet  them,  and  joined  forces 
with  them  at  Stamford-bridge, 
where,  after  a  bloody  struggle, 
he  won  a  complete  victory  on 
September    25,     1066,     Tostig 
and  Hardrada  being  among  the 
slain.     Four    days    later,    news 
arrived  that  duke    William  of 
Normandy  had  landed  at  Peven- 
sey.     Harold    marched    south- 
ward,    and     with     his     troops 
occupied  the  hill  of  Senlac,  near 
Hastings.     There  he  was  visited 
by  a  monk  who  urged  him  to 


yield  to  the  pope,  who  had 
given  encouragement  to  the 
claims  of  William.  Harold  in 
anger  repudiated  Rome's  author- 
ity : 

Back  to  that  juggler, 
Tell  him  the  Saints  are  nobler  than  he  dreams, 
Tell  him  that  God  is  nobler  than  the  Saints, 
And  tell  him  we  stand  arm'd  on  Senlac  Hill, 
And  bide  the  doom  of  God. 

The  battle,  which  lasted 
from  nine  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing until  after  sunset  was 
fought  on  October  14,  1066,  and 
after  a  desperate  struggle  the 
English  were  defeated,  owing 
to  their  allowing  the  pretended 
flight  of  the  Normans  to  draw 
them  from  their  impregnable 
position  on  the  hill,  Harold 
himself  being  slain  by  an  arrow 
which  pierced  his  eye.  Harold's 
body  was  found  upon  the  field 
of  battle,  and  was,  by  William, 
ordered  to  be  buried  there, 
saying  '  He  guarded  the  shore 
when  living,  let  him  guard  it 
now  he  is  dead,'  but  afterwards 
he  permitted  it  to  be  interred 
at  Waltham  Abbey. 

Harold. 

HAROLD  (King  of  Norway).    See 
Hardrada. 

HAROLD   (Mr.  Philip   Edgar). 
See  Eva. 

Promise  of  May. 

HAROLD    THE     SAXON.     See 
Harold  (King  of  England). 

The  Foresters. 

HAROUN  ALRASCHID. 

(Aaron  the  Orthodox.)     The 
most  renowned  of  the  Bagdad 


HAR] 


157 


[HAR 


caliphs,  succeeded  to  the 
Caliphate  in  786  a.d.  He 
maintained  a  magnificent  court 
where  he  gathered  round  him 
a  company  of  poets  and  scholars. 
He  was  a  contemporary  of 
Charlemagne,  and  figures  as  the 
chief  character  in  the  Arabian 
Nights. 

Recollections  of  the  Arabian 
Nights. 

HARRY. 

'  Ere  yet,  in  scorn  of  Peter's-pence 
And  number'd  bead,  and  shrift, 
Bluff  Harry  broke  into  the  spence 
And  turn'd  the  cowls  adrift : 

Has  reference  to  the  dissolu- 
tion of  the  monasteries  by 
Henry  VIII. 

Talking  Oak. 
HARRY. 

One  of  the  sons  of  an  old 
woman,  who  outlived  all  her 
children.  She  fancied  they 
were  not  dead,  but  were  all 
about  her  yet. 

While  Harry  is  in  the   five-acre  and  Charlie 

ploughing  the  hill, 
And  Harry  and  Charlie,  I  hear  them  too — 

they  sing  to  their  team  : 

He  died  at  the  age  of  sixty. 
Grandmother. 
HARRY. 

Husband  of  Ellen,  with  whom 
she  quarrelled  on  account  of  a 
letter  written  him  by  a  girl 
in  Dorsetshire.  Harry  wrote 
his  wife  assuring  her  that  all 
would  come  right  again.  He 
left  for  Jersey,  stating  he  had 
found  work  there,  but  while 
crossing  the  boat  went  down 
and  he  was  drowned.  His  wife, 
who  had  refused  to  say  good- 
bye to  him,  felt  she  was  to 
blame.  First  Quarrel. 


HARRY  BOLINGBROKE. 

Henry  IV — surnamed  Boling- 
broke,  from  the  place  of  his 
birth — king  of  England  from 
1399  to  141 8  ;  the  first  of  the 
Lancastrian  kings ;  eldest  son 
of  John  of  Gaunt  and  grand- 
child of  Edward  III.  After 
spending  some  time  of  his  life 
in  exile  at  Paris,  he  invaded 
England,  and  owing  to  the 
misrule  of  his  cousin  Richard 
II  had  little  difficulty  in  de- 
posing that  monarch  and  assum- 
ing the  crown.  This  usurpa- 
tion of  the  throne  gave  rise  to 
civil  strife  known  as  the  Wars 
of  the  Roses,  which  broke  out 
during  the  reign  of  Henry  VL 

Harry  of  Bolingbroke 
Had  holpen   Richard's   tottering   throne   to 

stand, 
Could  Harry  have  foreseen  that  all  our  nobles 
Would  perish  on  the  civil  slaughter-field, 

During  his  reign  wars  were 
successfully  undertaken  against 
the  Welsh  under  Glendower,. 
and  against  the  rebellion  of 
the  Percies  in  their  attempt  to 
win  the  crown  for  Mortimer. 
A  statute  for  the  burning  of 
heretics — the  first  in  England 
for  the  suppression  of  religious 
opinion — was  passed  during  his 
reign  (1 366-141 3). 

Queen  Mary. 

HARRY    OF    MONMOUTH.     See 

Henry  V. 
HARRY     THE      EIGHTH.      See 

Henry  VIII. 
HARRY    THE    SEVENTH.     See 

Henry  VII. 
HARRY  THE  SIXTH.    See  Henry 

VI. 


HAR] 

HARWICH. 

A  seaport  in  Sussex. 

Queen  Mary. 


HASTINGS  (Francis). 

Second  earl  of  Huntingdon, 
eldest  son  of  George  Hastings, 
first  earl.  Joined  the  duke  of 
Northumberland  against  the 
protector  Somerset,  and  on 
October  13,  1549,  conducted 
Somerset  to  the  Tower.  In 
order  to  strengthen  his  alliance 
with  Northumberland  married 
his  son  Henry  to  Northumber- 
land's daughter  Katherine  on 
the  same  day  as  lord  Guildford 
Dudley  married  lady  Jane  Grey. 
He  was  one  who  signed  the 
agreement  to  maintain  lady 
Jane  Grey's  succession  to  the 
crown,  and  on  the  death  of 
Edward  VI  joined  Northum- 
berland in  declaring  her  Queen. 
By  order  of  Mary  was  arrested 
and  sent  to  the  Tower ;  being 
released,  was  sent  down  to 
Leicester  to  suppress  the  revolt 
headed  by  the  duke  of  Suffolk, 
whom  he  brought  back  a 
prisoner  to  the  Tower  in 
February  1555.  After  obtain- 
ing several  minor  appointment  s 
under  Mary  and  Elizabeth  he 
died  at  Ashby-de-la-Zouch  in 
1561. 

Queen  Mary. 

HASTINGS. 

A  town  and  seaport  in  Sussex, 
near  to  which  place  was  fought 
the  battle  of  Senlac,  1066.  On 
a   hill   near   the   town   are   the 


158  [HAV 

ruins  of  the  castle  built  by  the 
Conqueror. 

Harold. 

HAVELOCK  (General  Sir  Henry) 
of  Bishop-Wearmouth,  Dur- 
ham. Educated  at  the  Charter- 
house, and  in  1823  proceeded 
to  India.  Served  with  dis- 
tinction in  the  Afghan  and 
Sikh  Wars  and  in  the  Persian 
Expedition.  On  the  outbreak 
of  the  Indian  Mutiny  he 
was  sent  to  the  relief  of 
Cawnpore  and  Lucknow,  the 
latter  of  which  places  he  entered 
on  September  25, 1857.  He  was 
however  in  turn  himself  be- 
sieged, but  held  out  until  re- 
lieved by  sir  Colin  Campbell. 
Almost  immediately  afterwards 
he  was  attacked  by  dysentery 
and  died  on  November  22, 
1857,  and  was  buried  in  the 
Alum-Bagh. 

Defence  of  Lucknow. 

HAVERINGATTE-BOWER. 

The  nightingales  in  Haveringatte-Bower 
Sang  out  their  loves  so  loud,  that  Edward's 

prayers 
Were  deafen'd  and  he  pray'd  them  dumb, 

A  village  in  Essex.  It  was 
the  seat  of  some  of  the  Saxon 
kings,  and  a  favourite  resort 
of  Edward  the  Confessor.  It 
abounded  with  nightingales — 
being  a  woody  and  peaceful 
place — and  it  is  said  that  they 
sang  so  loudly  that  the  king  was 
disturbed  in  his  devotions.  The 
ruins  of  Edward  the  Con- 
fessor's palace  are  still  to  be 
seen. 

Harold. 


HAW] 


159 


[HEB 


JHAWA-I-EE. 

One  of  the  Sandwich  islands. 
It  contains  the  famous  volcano 
Kilauea,  the  crater  of  which 
is  one  of  the  world's  wonders, 
being  nine  miles  in  circum- 
ference, and  which  is  filled  with 
boiling  lava  which  ebbs  and 
flows  like  an  ocean  tide. 

Kapiolani. 

HAWK. 

One  of  a  numerous  species  of 
rapacious  birds  of  the  family 
Falconida. 

And  where  the  two  contrived  their  daughter's 

good, 
Lies  the  hawk's  cast,  the  mole  has  made  his 

run, 

Hawk's  cast = feathers,  fur, 
and  other  indigestible  matters 
ejected  from  the  stomach  by  a 
hawk  after  it  has  devoured  its 
prey. 

Poet's  Song ;  Aylmer's 
Field ;  Marriage  of  Ger- 
aint ;  Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cob  ham  ;  Harold  ; 
Becket ;     The   Foresters. 

HAWTHORN. 

A  thorny  shrub  or  tree,  with 
small  fragrant  flowers.  It  is 
extensively  used  for  hedges. 

May    Queen ;     Progress    of 
Spring. 
HAZEL. 
HAZEL-TREE. 

A  shrub  or  small  tree  of  the 
genus  Corylus. 

Will  Waterproofs  Lyrical 
Monologue  ;  Enoch  Arden  ; 
In  Memoriam  ;  May  Queen. 

HEAD   (Edward).      See    Edward 
Head. 


HEAGLE. 

= Eagle. 


Owd  Rod. 


HEATH     (Sir     Nicholas).      See 
Nicholas,  Nicholas  Heath. 

HEATH. 

A     small     evergreen     shrub, 
growing  on  waste  lands. 

Maud  ;  Coming  of  Arthur  ; 
Pelleas  and  Ettarre ;  The 
Ring. 

HEATHER. 

=Heath. 

Romney's     Remorse ;    June 
Bracken  and  Heather. 

HEAVY  BRIGADE. 

A  brigade  consisting  of  two 
squadrons  of  the  Scots  Greys, 
and  the  2nd  squadron  of  Innis- 
killings,  commanded  by  sir 
James  Yorke  Scarlett  which 
made  the  famous  charge  at 
Balaclava,  October  25,  1854. 
Charge  of  the  Heavy  Brigade 
at  Balaclava. 

HEBE. 

The  goddess  of  eternal  youth, 
daughter   of   Zeus    and   Hera ; 
cup-bearer   to    the    immortals, 
before  Ganymede  (q.v.)  super- 
seded   her.     She    became    the 
wife  of  Hercules  after  his  ad- 
mission  among  the  immortals. 
Gardener's  Daughter  ;    The 
Princess ;      Romnefs     Re- 
morse. 

HEBREW. 

'  And  1  went  mourning,  No  fair  Hebrew  boy 
Shall  smile  away  my  maiden  blame  among 

The  Hebrew  mothers ' — emptied  of  all  joy, 
Leaving  the  dance  and  song, 


HEC] 


1 60 


[HEL 


Among  the  Jews  it  was  a 
reproach  to  women  to  be  child- 
less, as  each  hoped  to  be  the 
maternal  ancestor  of  the  pro- 
mised Messiah. 

Dream  of  Fair  Women. 

HECTOR. 

Son  of  Priam  and  Hecuba, 
and  chief  hero  of  Troy  in  the 
Trojan  war.  He  was  a  favourite 
of  the  gods,  especially  of  Apollo. 
His  chief  exploits  were  his 
single  combat  with  Ajax,  and 
his  slaying  of  Patroclus  the 
friend  of  Achilles.  In  revenge 
for  the  latter  deed  Achilles 
stabbed  him  and  fastened  his 
body  to  his  chariot,  and  dragged 
it  three  times  round  the  grave 
^  of  Patroclus,  but  Apollo  pre- 
served it  from  mutilation.  The 
Iliad  of  Homer  describes  the 
last  meeting  of  Hector  and 
Andromache,  her  lament  upon 
his  death,  and  the  mourning 
of  his  mother,  his  wife  and 
Helen  at  the  funeral  obsequies. 
Specimen  of  Iliad. 

HEDGAR  (Edgar). 
See  Eva. 

Promise  of  May. 

HEDGEHOG. 

A  prickly-backed  insecti- 
vorous quadruped,  able  to  roll 
itself  into  a  ball  so  as  to  present 
the  spines  outwardly  in  every 
direction.  It  makes  a  hole  or 
nest  for  itself  a  few  inches  below 
the  surface  of  the  ground,  and 
is  nocturnal  in  its  habits. 

Aylmer's  Field. 


HEDGE-PIG. 

=a  young  hedgehog. 

The  Foresters. 

HEDGE-ROSE. 

=the  wild  rose. 

Queen  Mary. 

HELEN. 

'  Then,  then,  from  utter  gloom  stood  out  the 
breasts, 
The  breasts  of  Helen, 

Has  reference  to  Helen  of 
Troy,  daughter  of  Zeus  and 
Leda,  and  the  wife  of  Menelaos, 
king  of  Sparta,  who  was  carried 
off  to  Troy  by  Paris  (q.v.)> 
the  shepherd-prince  of  Troy. 
Lucretius. 

HELEN'S  TOWER. 

Helen's  Tower  stands  on  a 
hill  on  the  southern  shore  of 
Belfast  Lough.  It  was  built 
for  the  purpose  of  enshrining 
the  following  verses  written 
by  lady  Dufferin  to  her  son, 
the  great  British  diplomatist, 
on  his  coming  of  age  in  1 847  : 

TO  MY  DEAR  BOV  ON  HIS  21ST 
BIRTHDAY. 

With  a  Silver  Lamp. 
Fiat  Lux. 
How  shall  I  bless  thee  ?  human  love 

Is  all  too  poor  in  passionate  words ; 
The  heart  aches  with  a  sense  above 

All  language  that  the  lip  affords, 
Therefore,  a  symbol  shall  express 

My  love,  a  thing  nor  rare  nor  strange  - 
But  yet  eternal,  measureless, 

Knowing  no  shadow  and  no  change  ; 
Light,  which  of  all  the  lovely  shows 

To  our  poor  world  of  shadows  given, 
The  fervent  prophet-voices  chose 

Alone  as  attribute  of  heaven. 

At  a  most  solemn  pause  we  stand, 

From  this  day  forth  for  evermore 
The  weak  but  loving  human  hand 

Must  cease  to  guide  thee  as  of  yore ; 
Then  as  through  life  thy  footsteps  stray 

And  earthly  beacons  dimly  shine, 
'  Let  there  be  light '  upon  the  way, 

And  holier  guidance  far  than  mine, 
1  Let  there  be  light '  in  thy  clear  soul 

When  passion  tempts  or  doubts  assail. 
When  grief's  dark  tempests  o'er  thee  roM 

'  Let  there  be  light '  that  shall  not  fail. 


HEL] 


161 


[HEN 


So,  angel-guarded  may'st  thou  tread 

The  narrow  path  which  few  may  find, 
And  at  the  end  look  back  nor  dread 

To  count  the  vanished  years  behind  ; 
And  pray  that  she  whose  hand  doth  trace 

This  heart-warm  prayer,  when  life  is  past, 
May  see  and  know  thy  bless&l  face 

In  God's  own  glorious  light  at  last. 

In  1861  the  marquis  of  Duf- 
ferin  addressed  to  Tennyson  a 
letter  to  the  effect  that  he  had 
erected  on  a  hill  in  his  park  in 
Ireland  a  tower  which  he  had 
named  after  his  mother  '  Helen's 
Tower,'  and  that  the  only  thing 
wanting  to  make  it  a  perfect 
little  gem  of  architecture  and 
decoration,  was  '  a  voice.'  In 
answer  to  this  the  poet  sent 
the  marquis  the  following 
lines : — 

Helen's  Tower,  here  I  stand, 
Dominant  over  sea  and  land. 
Son's  love  built  me,  and  I  hold 
Mother's  love  engrav'n  in  gold. 
Love  is  in  and  out  of  time, 
I  am  mortal  stone  and  lime. 
Would  my  granite  girth  were  strong 
As  either  love  to  last  as  long ! 
I  should  wear  my  crown  entire 
To  and  thro'  the  Doomsday  fire, 
And  be  found  in  angel  eyes 
In  earth's  recurring  Paradise.* 

*  The  fancy  of  some  poets  and  theo- 
logians that  Paradise  is  to  be  the  renovated 
earth,  as,  I  dare  say,  you  know. 

Life  of  Tennyson. 

Helen's  Tower. 

HELICONIAN  HONEY. 

Or  Heliconian  honey  in  living  words, 
To  make  a  truth  less  harsh, 

Lucretius. 

HELICONIAN  RIDGE. 

Part  of  the  mountain  range 
of  Parnassus  sacred  to  the  Muses. 
Tiresias . 
HELLSTOW. 

He  bad  me  put  her  into  a  nunnery — 
Into  Godstow,  into  Hellstow,  Devilstow  ! 
The  Church  !  the  Church  ! 
God's  eyes !  <^ 

Bucket. 


HEMAN. 

Son  of  Joel,  and  grandson  of 
Samuel  the  prophet.  He  is 
called  the  musician,  and  was  one 
of  the  three  Levites — the  others 
being  Asaph  and  Ethan — in 
charge  of  the  vocal  and  instru- 
mental music  in  the  second 
Temple. 

sing,  Asaph  !  clash 
The    cymbal,    Heman !    blow    the    trumpet, 

priest ! 
Fall,  cloud,  and  fill  the  house — lo !  my  two 

pillars, 
Jachin  and  Boaz  ! — 

Harold. 
HEMLOCK. 

The  name  of  several  poison- 
ous herbs.  In  ancient  Greece 
the  punishment  of  death  was 
inflicted  by  criminals  being 
forced  to  drink  a  decoction  of 
the  hemlock. 

The  Princess ;  Lover's 
Tale ;  Demeter  and  Perse- 
phone. 

HENGIST. 

The  first  Saxon  king  of  Kent 
and  joint-founder  with  his 
brother  Horsa  of  that  kingdom  ; 
arrived  at  Ebbsfleet  from  Jut- 
land in  449  a.d.  at  the  invitation 
of  Vortigern  to  help  him  in 
repelling  the  Picts  and  Scots ; 
but  afterwards  turned  against 
the  Britons  themselves  and  was 
defeated  at  Aylesford,  455. 
Guinevere. 

HENRY  (Bedingfield).    See  Henry 
Bedingfield. 

HENRY  (the  First). 

King   of    England,    was    the 
youngest    son   of   William    the 
Conqueror,  and  the  first  mon- 
M 


HEN] 


162 


[HEN 


arch  of  the  Norman  line  who 
was  English  by  birth.  He  suc- 
ceeded his  brother  William 
Rufus  in  1 100,  at  which  time 
his  brother  Robert  was  in 
Normandy.  Soon  after  Robert 
invaded  England,  but  agreed 
to  renounce  his  claim  to  the 
throne.  Robert  was  however 
persuaded  again  to  resort  to 
arms  and  Henry  invaded  Nor- 
mandy, defeated  him  and 
brought  him  prisoner  to  Eng- 
land where  he  died  in  Cardiff 
castle,  and  Normandy  was 
united  to  England.  William, 
Robert's  son,  however  secured 
the  assistance  of  Louis  VI  and 
the  counts  of  Flanders  and 
Aragon,  and  in  order  to  defend 
himself  Henry  married  his 
daughter  Matilda  to  the  em- 
peror Henry  V,  and  in  1110 
defeated  the  French  king  at 
Bremule.  Henry  died  sud- 
denly at  Rouen  in  1135,  and 
was  buried  at  Reading. 

Becket. 

HENRY  (the  Second). 

King  of  England,  eldest  son 
of  Geoffrey  Plantagenet ;  suc- 
ceeded Stephen  in  H54- 
Through  his  father  and  mother, 
Aragon,  Touraine,  Normandy 
and  Maine  were  added  to  the 
English  crown  ;  while  through 
his  wife,  Eleanor — the  divorced 
wife  of  Louis  VII  of  France — 
he  secured  the  provinces  of 
Poitou,  Limousin  and  Gascony. 
His  reign  was  troubled  by  dis- 
putes    between     himself     and 


Becket,  archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, who  was  murdered  in 
1 170;  and  Henry  was  obliged 
by  the  pope  to  undergo  penance 
at  the  tomb  of  the  archbishop 
at  Canterbury.  In  1170  he 
caused  his  son  Henry  to  be 
crowned  king,  and  three  years 
later  his  sons,  at  the  instigation 
of  their  mother,  rebelled  against 
him  on  account  of  his  attach- 
ment to  Rosamund  de  Clifford. 
In  1 1 83  his  s  on  Henry  died, 
and  Richard,  his  third  son,  re- 
volted against  his  father,  and 
being  supported  by  the  king 
of  France  defeated  him  in 
Normandy.  He  died  at  Chinon 
1 1 89. 

Becket. 

HENRY  (the  Third). 

King  of  England,  eldest  son 
of  John,  whom  he  succeeded 
in  1 216,  when  only  ten  years 
of  age.  He  was  of  a  feeble 
character,  and  during  his  reign 
Normandy  and  other  French 
provinces  were  relinquished  to 
the  king  of  France.  Civil  war 
broke  out,  and  from  1258-64 
a  struggle  took  place  between 
the  king  and  the  barons,  and  at 
the  battle  of  Lewes  in  1264 
Henry  was  defeated  and  taken 
prisoner,  but  promised  to  accept 
the  Provisions  of  Oxford.  At 
the  battle  of  Evesham  the 
Barons  were  totally  defeated, 
chiefly  through  the  courage  of 
Henry's  son  Edward,  where- 
upon he  deprived  several  of 
them  of  their  estates.    He  can- 


KEN] 


163 


[HEN 


celled  the  Great  Charter  and 
allowed  the  pope  to  collect 
tithes  in  England.  By  the 
treaty  of  Shrewsbury  in  1267 
Wales  was  pacified.  He  died 
in  1272  at  Westminster  and  was 
buried  in  the  Abbey. 

On    the   Jubilee    of    Queen 
Victoria. 

HENRY. 

Son  of  Henry  II,  born  in  1155 
and  married  at  the  age  of  five 
to  princess  Margaret  of  France. 
Crowned  as  his  father's  suc- 
cessor at  Westminster  11 70,  and 
again  with  his  queen  at  Win- 
chester 1 172.  In  the  following 
year  he  rebelled  against  his 
father,  and  fled  to  Normandy ; 
became  reconciled  to  his  father 
in  1 1 74,  and  eight  years  later 
made  war  on  his  brother  Richard 
in  Aquitaine,  and  afterwards 
on  his  father.  He  died  penitent, 
of  fever,  at  Martel  at  the  age 
of  twenty-eight,  and  was  buried 
at  Rouen  (11 5 5-1 183). 

Becket. 

Henry  (the  Seventh). 

King  of  England,  son  of  Ed- 
mund Tudor  and  of  Margaret, 
of  the  house  of  Lancaster. 
Henry,  who  was  in  Brittany,  was 
invited  to  invade  England  to 
rescue  it  from  the  usurper 
Richard  III,  and  in  1485  landed 
in  Wales  and  marched  to  Bos- 
worth  in  Leicestershire,  where 
Richard  was  defeated  and  slain, 
Henry  being  crowned  king  upon 
the  spot.  He  united  the  houses 
of    York    and    Lancaster,    by 


marrying  Elizabeth  daughter 
of  Edward  IV.  During  his 
reign  a  joiner's  son  named 
Simnel,  who  pretended  to  be 
the  young  earl  of  Warwick,  rose 
in  rebellion,  but  was  suppressed 
by  Henry's  victory  at  Stoke, 
near  Newark,  in  1487.  Some 
years  later  a  Yorkist  pretender 
from  Flanders,  named  Perkin 
Warbeck,  personated  Richard, 
duke  of  York,  who  was  believed 
to  have  been  murdered  in  the 
tower,  claimed  the  crown,  but 
he  was  apprehended  and  con- 
fined to  the  Tower,  where, 
with  the  earl  of  Warwick,  he 
was  executed  (1499).  Henry 
died  at  Richmond  in  1509,  and 
was  buried  in  Henry  the 
Seventh's  chapel,  built  by  him 
in  Westminster  Abbey  (1457— 

I509)- 

Queen  Mary. 

HENRY  (the  Sixth). 

King  of  England,  son  of 
Henry  V.  Being  only  ten 
years  of  age  when  he  was  pro- 
claimed king,  the  country  dur- 
ing his  long  minority  was 
governed  by  the  Privy  Council. 
Charles  king  of  France,  dying 
soon  after,  the  duke  of  Orleans 
encouraged  by  the  minority 
of  Henry  assumed  the  title 
of  king,  under  the  name  of 
Charles  VII.  Henry  was 
crowned  king  of  England  at 
Westminster  in  1429,  and 
king  of  France  at  Paris  in 
143 1  ;  but  the  conclusion  of 
peace     between     Charles    VII, 


HEN] 


and  Burgundy,  and  the 
death  of  the  duke  of  Bedford 
brought  ruin  to  the  English 
arms  in  France.  The  siege 
of  Orleans  was  raised  by  the 
French  in  1429,  inspired  by 
Jeanne  d'Arc  ;  Normandy  was 
lost  in  1450,  and  in  1483  with 
the  exception  of  Calais  the 
English  were  expelled  from 
France.  The  king  being  de- 
clared insane,  the  duke  of  York 
was  made  protector,  and  on 
Henry's  recovery  York  openly 
claimed  the  crown,  civil  war, 
known  as  the  Wars  of  the  Roses, 
broke  out,  and  at  the  first  great 
battle  at  St.  Albans  in  1455 
Henry  was  defeated  and  taken 
prisoner.  For  the  two  succeed- 
ing years  there  was  peace, 
York  governing  in  Henry's 
name,  but  in  1459  war  again 
broke  out,  the  Yorkists  winning 
the  battle  of  Bloreheath,  but 
were  defeated  at  Ludlow.  In 
the  following  year  the  Yorkists 
won  the  battle  of  Northampton, 
but  were  defeated  at  Wakefield 
by  Margaret,  Henry's  queen, 
York  himself  being  slain.  In 
1 46 1  York's  son  Edward  gained 
a  victory  at  Mortimer's  Cross, 
and  although  Warwick  was  de- 
feated by  Margaret  at  the 
second  battle  of  St.  Albans, 
young  Edward  was  crowned  at 
Westminster,  and  Henry  fled  to 
Scotland.  After  wandering  for 
four  years  he  was  captured  and 
imprisoned  in  the  Tower,  wnere 
after  the  defeat  of  Margaret 
at  Tewkesbury,  and  the  murder 


164  [HEK 

of  prince  Edward  after  the 
battle,  he  was  murdered  (1421- 
7i). 

Queen  Mary. 

HENRY  (the  Eighth). 

King  of  England,  son  of 
Henry  VII,  whom  he  succeeded 
in  1509  at  the  age  of  eighteen. 
In  the  same  year  he  married 
Catherine  of  Aragon,  widow 
of  his  brother  Arthur,  and  the 
early  years  of  his  reign  were  very 
popular.  In  1512  he  joined 
the  Holy  League,  formed  by 
pope  Julius  II,  and  Henry  in- 
vaded France,  and  having  won 
several  victories,  concluded 
peace  with  the  French  king, 
Louis  XII.  During  his  absence 
James  IV  of  Scotland  invaded 
England,  but  was  defeated  and 
slain  at  Flodden  Field.  Form- 
ing an  attachment  for  Anne 
Boleyn,  he  determined  to 
divorce  his  wife  Catherine,  his 
plea  being  that  she  was  his 
brother's  widow,  and  the 
divorce  being  refused  by  the 
pope,  Henry  assumed  the  title 
of  head  of  the  English  Church. 
In  1522  Cranmer,  who  had  been 
created  archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, declared  Henry's  marriage 
with  Catherine  void,  and  the 
king  married  Anne  Boleyn,  but 
some  years  later,  on  the  ground 
of  infidelity,  she  was  executed, 
and  Henry  married  Jane  Sey- 
mour, but  she  dying  soon  after 
the  birth  of  Edward  VI,  Henry 
married  Anne  of  Cleves,  who 
was  in  1540    divorced.     Henry 


HEN] 


l65 


LHEN 


next  married  Catherine  Howard, 
niece  of  the  duke  of  Norfolk, 
who  was  subsequently  beheaded 
for  infidelity,  after  which  he 
married  Catherine  Parr,  who 
happily  survived  him.  During 
his  reign  the  Reformation  made 
great  headway ;  statutes  were 
passed  by  parliament  completely 
abrogating  the  papal  authority 
in  England,  and  in  1535  an 
act  made  Henry  the  supreme 
Head  of  the  Church.  The  monas- 
teries were  suppressed,  but  this 
act  aroused  discontent,  and 
an  outbreak  known  as  the 
Pilgrimage  of  Grace,  headed  by 
Robert  Aske,  broke  out  in  1536. 
The  rebels  were  defeated  in 
Lincolnshire,  but  took  posses- 
sion of  York,  and  marching  on 
Doncaster  were  dispersed  by 
the  duke  of  Norfolk.  In  the 
following  year  they  again  rose, 
but  were  promptly  suppressed 
and  the  leader  executed 
(1491-1547).    See  Harry. 

Queen  Mary. 

HENRY  (the  Second). 

King  of  France,  succeeded  his 
father  Francis  in  1547.  He 
married  Catherine  de  Medici, 
but  was  largely  under  the  influ- 
ence of  his  celebrated  mistress 
Diane  de  Poitiers,  and  the 
family  of  Guise.  He  formed  an 
alliance  with  Scotland,  and 
declared  war  against  England 
which  ended  in  1558  with  the 
loss  of  Calais,  the  last  English 
possession  on  French  soil,  that 
city  having  been  in  the  hands 


of  the  English  for  210  years. 
Henry  was  accidentally  wounded 
in  a  tournament  held  in  honour 
of  his  daughter's  marriage,  by 
Montgomery,  a  Scottish  noble- 
man and  captain  of  the  guard, 
of  which  he  died  on  July  10, 
1559.  It  was  his  fixed  in- 
tention to  destroy  all  the 
Protestants  in  his  dominions, 
and  his  sudden  death  preserved 
him  from  the  execration  which 
clings  to  the  name  of 
Charles  IX. 

Queen  Mary. 

HENRY  BEDINGFIELD. 

A  Privy  Councillor,  son  of  sir 
Edmund  Bedingfield.  On  the 
death  of  Edward  VI  he  sup- 
ported the  cause  of  Mary,  and 
was  appointed  Constable  of  the 
Tower  in  1555  in  succession 
to  Lord  Williams  of  Thame, 
when  the  princess  Elizabeth 
was  committed  to  his  keeping 
for  supposed  complicity  in  the 
rebellion  of  sir  Thomas  Wyatt. 
On  the  accession  of  Elizabeth 
he  retired  into  private  life. 

Queen  Mary. 

HENRY     OF     ENGLAND.     See 
Henry  (the  Second). 

HENRY  OF  WINCHESTER. 

Henry  of  Blois,  brother  of 
king  Stephen.  Abbot  of  Glas- 
tonbury, where  he  built  a  palace 
and  abbey  buildings ;  created 
bishop  of  Winchester  in  1129, 
and  procured  the  throne  for  his 
brother  Stephen — whom  he 
crowned — by  guaranteeing  the 
liberty  of  the  Church. 


HEN] 


166 


[HER 


Bccket.     Henry  of  Winchester  ? 
Henry.     Him  who  crown'd  Stephen — 
King  Stephen's  brother !    No  ;  too  royal  for 
me. 

Was  suspended  from  his 
bishoprick  for  advising  Stephen 
to  forbid  Theobald's  attend- 
ance at  the  papal  council  at 
Rheims  in  1148,  but  obtained 
absolution  three  years  later. 
Consecrated  Becket  as  primate 
in  1 162,  and  supported  him 
against  Henry  II,  and  on  his 
deathbed  rebuked  Henry  for 
the  murder  of  Becket. 

Becket. 

HENRY  (The  Fifth). 

King  of  England,  surnamed 
Monmouth  from  the  place  of 
his  birth,  eldest  son  of  Henry 
IV.  Henry  having  laid  claim 
to  the  French  crown,  left  the 
kingdom  in  the  hands  of  a 
regency,  and  invaded  France, 
where  he  won,  in  141 5,  a  great 
victory  at  Agincourt.  Three 
years  later  he  married  Catharine, 
daughter  of  the  French  king, 
and  by  the  treaty  of  Troyes  got 
himself  appointed  as  successor 
to  the  French  throne.  One 
of  the  most  illustrious  men  of 
this  reign  was  sir  John  Old- 
castle,  Lord  Cobham  (q.v.),  a 
nobleman  who  had  fought  with 
success  in  France  during  the 
reign  of  Henry  IV,  and  a  friend 
of  Henry  V.  Being  a  convert 
to  Lollardism  he  was  sum- 
moned by  archbishop  Arundel 
to  appear  before  his  court,  and 
being  found  guilty  of  heresy, 
Henry  had  the  unpleasant  task 
of    choosing    between    his    old 


comrade  and  the  Roman  pre- 
late, with  the  result  that  Cob- 
ham  was  condemned  and  burnt 
to  death,  December  141 7. 

Sir  John  Oldcastley 
Lord,  Cobham. 

HERBERT  (of  Bosham). 

Born  at  Bosham,  1162.  On 
the  election  of  Becket  to  the 
archbishoprick  of  Canterbury, 
Bosham  was  appointed  his 
special  monitor.  Accompanied 
Becket  to  the  Council  of  Tours 
(1163),  and  the  Councils  of 
Clarendon  and  Northampton 
in  1 164.  Went  with  Becket 
into  exile,  and  returned  with 
him  in  1 170,  but  returned  almost 
immediately  to  France.  He 
returned  again  to  England  in 
1 1 84,  and  died  two  years  later 
and  was  buried  in  Bosham 
Church.  He  was  the  author  of 
a  biography  of  Becket. 

Becket. 
HERB-OF-GRACE. 

The  common  rue,  a  perennial 
sufFrutescent  plant,  with  a  bitter 
taste.  Queen  Mary. 

HERCULES. 

My  Eustace  might  have  sat  for  Hercules  ; 
So  muscular  he  spread,  so  broad  of  breast. 

Has    reference    to    Hercules, 

son  of  Zeus  and  Alkmene,  the 

typical  hero  of  the  Greeks. 

Dream    of    Fair    Women; 

Gardener's  Daughter. 

HERCULES. 

He  fasts,  they  say,  this  mitred  Hercules  t 
He  fast !  is  that  an  arm  of  fast  ? 

Bishop  Foliot's  reference  to 
archbishop  Becket. 

Becket. 


HER] 


167 


[HER 


HERE. 

Wife  of  Zeus  and  the  queen 
of  heaven,  whose  sacred  bird 
was  the  peacock.  In  Greek 
mythology  the  attendant  at  the 
banquet  of  the  gods,  whose  food 
was  ambrosia  and  whose  drink 
was  nectar.  In  Italian  myth- 
ology she  was  identified  with 
Juno  (q.v.). 

CEnone  ;  The  Princess. 

HEREFORD  (Bishop  of). 

Gerard,  archbishop  of  York, 
sent  by  William  II  in  1095  on 
a  secret  mission  to  pope  Urban, 
from  whom  he  obtained  the 
despatch  of  a  legate  and  pallium. 
On  his  return  was  created 
bishop  of  Hereford,  and  crowned 
Henry  I ;  translated  to  York 
in  1 1 00;  opposed  archbishop 
Anselm  in  the  investiture  dis- 
pute, but  was  repudiated  by  the 
pope,  and  compelled  to  profess 
obedience  to  Anselm.  He 
attempted  to  consecrate  bishops, 
and  on  his  death  was  refused 
burial  in  the  minster,  but  was 
subsequently  transferred  thither 
by  archbishop  Thomas  II. 
Becket. 

HEREWARD  THE  WAKE. 

A  yeoman  who  made  a  gallant 
attempt  to  rally  his  countrymen 
against  the  Conqueror.  He  held 
the  Isle  of  Ely  for  about  twelve 
months  (1070-71),  and  when 
William  succeeded  in  encom- 
passing the  English,  and  pene- 
trating their  camp  of  refuge, 
he  cut  his  way  through  the 
besieging    army    and    escaped. 


His     subsequent     fate     is     not 
certain. 

The  Foresters. 

HERMON  HILL. 

A  mountain  on  the  north- 
eastern border  of  Palestine,  over 
against  Lebanon,  and  a  great 
landmark  to  the  Israelites.  It 
is  referred  to  in  many  instances 
in  the  Bible,  and  the  mount  on 
which  Christ  was  transfigured. 

The  beauty  that  endures  on  the  Spiritual 

height, 
When  we  shall  stand  transfigured,  like  Christ 

on  Hermon  hill, 

Happy . 
HERN. 

The  Heron. 

The  Brook ;  In  Me- 
moriam ;  Gareth  and 
Lynette ;  Geraint  and 
Enid ;  Lancelot  and 
Elaine  ;  The  Falcon. 

HEROD. 

Ah,  gentle  cousin,  since  your  Herod's  death, 
How  oft  hath  Peter  knock'd  at  Mary's  gate  ! 


HEROD. 


Queen  Mary. 


And  so  she  throve  and  prosper'd :  so  three 
years 

She  prosper'd  :  on  the  fourth  she  fell, 
Like  Herod,  when  the  shout  was  in  his  ears, 

Struck  thro'  the  pangs  of  hell. 


Ag 


Has      reference      to      Herod 
rippa  in  Acts  xii.  22-23. 


And  the  people  gave  a  shout,  saying,  It  is 
the  voice  of  a  god,  and  not  of  a  man. 

And  immediately  the  angel  of  the  Lord 
smote  him,  because  he  gave  not  God  the  glory  : 
and  he  was  eaten  of  worms  and  gave  up  the 
ghost. 

Palace  of  Art. 
HEROD-HENRY. 

When  Herod-Henry  first 
Began  to  batter  at  your  English  Church, 

Refers  to  Henry  VII I's  re- 
pudiation of  the  papal  authority 
in  England. 

Queen  Mary. 


HER] 


168 


[HIL 


HERON. 

A  large  water-fowl,  with  long 
sharp  bill  and  long  legs  and  toes. 
Happy. 

HESPER. 

The  personification  of  the 
evening  star. 

Leonine  Elegiacs  ;  Mariana 
in  the  South ;  In  Me- 
moriam ;  Locksley  Hall 
Sixty  Tears  After. 

HESPERIAN. 

He  smiled,  and  opening  out  his  milk-white 

palm 
Disclosed  a  fruit  of  pure  Hesperian  gold, 
That  smelt  ambrosially, 

The  golden  apple  that  grew 
in  the  fabulous  garden  of  Hes- 
perides    the    daughter   of   Hes- 
perus, or  Night,  in  Africa. 
(Enone. 

HESPER-PHOSPHOR. 

Sweet  Hesper-Phosphor,  double  name 

Hesper  and  Phosphor  are  two 
names  for  the  same  star,  i.e. 
Venus  as  she  is  the  evening  or 
the  morning  star. 

In  Memoriam. 

HESPERUS. 

The  personification  of  the 
evening-star.  The  name  of  a 
knight — one  of  four  brothers — 
who  kept  the  passages  of  Castle 
Perilous,  where  the  lady  Lyonors 
was  held  a  prisoner,  and  who 
was  overthrown  by  sir  Gareth. 
Leonine  Elegiacs ;  Gareth 
and  Lynette. 

HETAIRAI. 

But  girls,  Hetairai,  curious  in  their  art, 
Hired  animalisms. 

A  supposed  primitive  state 
of    society,    in    which    all    the 


females  of  a  tribe  were   held  in 
common. 

Lucretius. 
HETTY. 

Daughter  of  the  village  squire, 
supposed  to  be  weak-minded. 

An  Hetty  wur  weak  i'  the  hattics,  wi'out 
ony  harm  i'  the  legs, 

Village  Wife. 
HIC  JACETS. 

The  first  words  on  old  tomb- 
stones— '  Here  lies.'' 

Merlin  and  Vivien. 
HIDALGOS. 

Spanish  noblemen. 

Columbus. 
HIGGINS. 

A  farm  labourer. 

Promise  of  May. 
HILDEBRAND. 

Pope  Gregory  VII,  born  in 
Tuscany.  His  youth  was  passed 
at  Rome  in  the  monastery 
of  St.  Maria,  and  afterwards 
studying  at  Clugny  became 
famous  as  a  preacher.  Elected 
pope  in  1073  ;  deposed  by  the 
emperor  Henry  IV,  but  Gregory 
retaliated  by  excommunicating 
the  emperor,  and  finally  com- 
pelled him  to  do  penance. 
Gregory  was  however  subse- 
quently deposed  in  favour  of 
Clement  III,  in  1080,  by  Henry, 
who  besieged  and  captured 
Rome,  but  Gregory  was  liber- 
ated by  Robert  Guiscard,  and 
retired  to  Salerno,  where  he 
died. 

Harold. 
HILL  OF     HOPE. 

'  Brother,'  she  said,  '  let  this  be  call'd  hence- 
forth 
The  Hill  of  Hope  : ' 

Lover's  Tale. 


HIL] 


169 


[HOL 


HILL  OF  WOE. 

Last  we  came 
To  what  our  people  call  '  The  Hill  of  Woe.' 

Lover's  Tale. 

HILLS. 

A  millionaire  family. 

new-comers  in  an  ancient  hold, 
New-comers  from  the  Mersey,  millionaires, 
Here  lived  the  Hills — a  Tudor-chimnied  bulk 
Of  mellow  brickwork  on  an  isle  of  bowers. 

Edwin  Morris. 

HISPANIOLA. 

The  largest  of  the  West 
Indian  Islands,  now  known  by 
the  name  of  Hayti,  discovered 
by  Columbus  in  1492.  In 
1697  the  island  was  ceded  to 
France,  but  in  1791  after  a 
revolution,  the  natives  swept  the 
island  of  all  Europeans,  and 
established  a  republican  form  of 
government. 

Columbus. 

HO. 

they  swerved  and  brake 
Flying,  and  Arthur  call'd  to  stay  the  brands 
That   hack'd^among    the  flyers,  '  Ho !   they 
yield  !.' 

A  word  used  by  the  Heralds  to 
stop  fighting  in  tournaments 
in  mediaeval  times. 

Coming  of  Arthur. 

HOLLY. 

An  evergreen  shrub,  with 
hard,  prickly  leaves  and  red 
and  yellow  berries. 

The  Princess ;  Spiteful 
Letter ;  In  Memoriam ; 
Pelleas  and  Ettarre ;  Sir 
John  Oldcastle,  Lord 
Cobham. 

HOLLY-HOAK. 

A  rich  luxuriant  plant,  a 
favourite  in  English  shrubberies, 


with  a  great  variety  of  colour 
in  its  flower. 

The  Princess. 

HOLLYHOCK. 

A  kind  of  mallow,  bearing 
flowers  of  various  colours. 

A  Spirit  Haunts  ;  Aylmer's 
Field. 

HOLMES. 

A  clergyman  present  at  the 
house  of  Francis  Allen,  on 
Christmas  Eve,  when  a  con- 
versation on  the  decay  of 
Christmas  customs  and  the 
Christian  religion  took  place 
between  some  college-friends 
assembled  round  the  wassail- 
bowl. 

The  Epic. 

HOLOFERNES. 

And,  couch'd  behind  a  Judith,  underneath 
The  head  of  Holofernes  peep'd  and  saw. 

The  Assyrian  general  in  com- 
mand of  Nebuchadnezzar's 
army.  As  he  was  besieging 
the',town  of  Bethulia,  Judith,  a 
Jewish  heroine,  made  her  way 
into  his  tent  and  cutting  off  his 
head  as  he  lay  asleep,  bore  it 
in  triumph  to  the  town.  The 
subject  forms  part  of  the 
apocryphal  book  of  Judith,  but 
it  is  not  mentioned  by  Josephus, 
and  is  therefore  considered 
spurious.  Judith,  a  poem,  the 
authorship  of  which  is  unknown, 
gives  in  some  350  lines  the 
slaughter  of  Holofernes  and 
Judith's  summons  to  the 
Israelites. 

The  Princess. 


HOL] 


170 


[HOL 


HOLY  CROSS. 

English   cries.    Harold   and   Holy   Cross ! 
Out !  out ! 

See  Waltham. 
HOLY  ELDERS. 

Such  times  have  been  not  since  the  light  that 

led 
The  holy  Elders  with  the  gift  of  myrrh. 

Has  reference  to  the  Magi 
who  were  led  to  Bethlehem  by 
the  Star  in  the  East  where  they 
presented  to  the  new-born 
Christ  their  offerings  of  gold, 
frankincense  and  myrrh.  St. 
Matthew  ii.  11. 

Morte  d' 'Arthur  ;  Passing  of 
Arthur. 

HOLY  GRAIL. 

The  vessel  made  of  emerald 
stone,  said  to  have  been  used 
by  Christ  at  the  last  supper, 
and  in  which  Joseph  of  Ari- 
mathaea  caught  some  of  the 
blood  that  flowed  from  His 
wounds  on  Calvary. 

The  cup,  the  cup  itself  from  which  our  Lord 
drank  at  the  last  sad  supper. 

The  story  is,  that  after  Joseph 
of  Arimathaea  had  begged  the 
body  of  Christ  he  followed 
Philip  to  Gaul  as  a  preacher, 
and  being  sent  across  the 
Channel  to  carry  the  gospel 
into  Britain,  came  to  Glaston- 
bury in  Somersetshire.  He 
brought  with  him  the  dish 
which  was  eventually  lost,  and 
the  quest  of  the  Grail  was 
undertaken  by  several  knights 
of  the  Round  Table.  As  the 
Knights  were  seated  at  the 
Round  Table  at  Camelot,  a 
noise  as  of  thunder  was  heard 
and  the  palace  shook,  and  there 


came  from  the  beam  a  vision 
of  the  Holy  Grail,  covered  with 
white  samite  and  borne  by 
invisible  hands  ;  all  the  knights 
heard  the  noise,  but  only  sir 
Galahad  the  pure  was  permitted 
to  see  it  with  his  bodily  eyes, 
after  which  it  was  borne  away 
to  the  holy  heavens. 

The  Cathedral  of  Genoa  is 
supposed  to  contain  the  Holy 
Grail.  It  is  a  shallow  basin 
made  of  dark  green  glass,  and 
was  for  centuries  regarded  as 
an  emerald.  It  was  brought 
to  Genoa  in  1101  a.d.  by 
Guglielmo  Embriaco,  a  native 
of  Genoa  and  a  Crusader. 
Embriaco  invented  the  movable 
wooden  towers  used  at  the 
siege  and  capture  of  Jerusalem 
in  the  First  Crusade. 

Sir  Galahad ;  Holy  Grail. 

HOLY  LAND. 

=Palestine. 
In      Memoriam ;       Lover's 
Tale  ;     Happy  ;    The  For- 
esters. 

HOLY  ROOD. 

The  cross  or  crucifix  fixed 
over  the  entrance  to  the  chancel 
of  a  church. 

Harold ;       Queen     Mary  ; 

Becket ;    The    Foresters. 

HOLY  SEPULCHRE. 

whereon  I  vow'd 
That,  if  our  Princes  harken'd  to  my  prayer, 
Whatever  wealth  I  brought  from  that  new 

world, 
Should,  in  this  old,  be  consecrate  to  lead 
A  new  crusade  against  the  Saracen, 
And  free  the  Holy  Sepulchre  from  thrall.  ' 

The  Sepulchre  in  which  the 
body  of  Christ  was  laid. 

Columbus. 


HOL] 


171 


[HOR 


HOLY  WAR. 

The  name  given  to  an  expedi- 
tion carried  on  by  Christians 
against  the  Saracens  in  the  Holy 
Land  in  the  eleventh,  twelfth 
and  thirteenth  centuries. 

Happy. 

HOLY  WRIT. 

=The  Scriptures. 
Merlin  and  Vivien  ;    Holy 
Grail ;   Queen  Mary  ;   The 
Foresters. 

HOMER. 

The  great  epic  poet  of  Greece, 
and  author  of  the  Iliad  and  the 
Odyssey. 

The  Princess ;  On  Trans- 
lations of  Homer  ;  Epilogue; 
Parnassus. 

HOMERIC. 

these  twelve  books  of  mine 
Were  faint  Homeric  echoes,  nothing- worth. 

Has  reference  to  the  poetry 
of  Homer  the  famous  Greek 
poet. 

The  Epic. 

HONEYSUCKLE 

A  flowering  plant  with  cream- 
coloured  flowers. 

May     Queen ;      Aylmer's 
Field  ;  Gareth  and  Lynette; 
City  Child. 

HONG-KONG. 

Clag-cloister  ;  Anatolian  Ghost ; 
Hong-Kong,  Karnac,  and  the  rest. 

=the  three  cities. 


To  Ulysses. 


HONORIUS. 


but  echo'd  on  to  reach 
Honorius,  till  he  heard  them,  and  decreed 
That  Rome  no  more  should  wallow  in  this 

old  lust 
Of  Paganism,  and  make  her  festal  hour 
Dark  with  the  blood  of  man  who  mur  'er'd 

man. 


Flavius  Honorius  Augustus, 
emperor  of  Rome,  second  son 
of  Theodosius.  He  suppressed 
the  gladiatorial  combats  prac- 
tised in  Rome.  It  was  during 
his  reign  that  the  persecution 
of  the  pagans  began  (384-423). 
St.  Telemachus. 


HOOD      (Robin). 
Robin  Hood. 


See      Robin, 


HOOPER  (John). 

Born  in  Somersetshire  in  15 18, 
and  became  a  Cistercian  monk 
at  Gloucester.  A  study  of  the 
writings  of  Zwingli  con- 
verted him  to  the  reformed 
faith,  and  in  1550  he  was 
created  bishop  of  Gloucester 
by  Edward  VI,  but  was  impris- 
oned in  the  Fleet  prison  for 
objecting  to  wear  the  episcopal 
habit.  In  1552  he  was  made 
bishop  of  Worcester.  On  the 
accession  of  Mary  he  was  com- 
mitted to  the  Tower,  and  after 
eighteen  months'  imprisonment 
was  tried  for  heresy,  con- 
demned to  death,  and  burnt 
at  Gloucester,  February  9,  1555. 
Queen  Mary. 

HOP. 

A  bitter  plant,  the  cones  of 

which  are  much  used  in  brewing. 

Aylmer's    Field ;     The 

Princess. 

HORACE. 

The  Roman  lyric  poet. 

Epilogue ;    Poets  and  their 
Bibliographies. 

HORSELEECH. 

Golden  Year. 


HOR] 


172 


[HUG 


HORTENSIA 

On  the  other  side 
Hortensia  spoke  against  the  tax  ; 

In  44  B.C.  after  the  assassina- 
tion of  Julius  Caesar  there  was 
formed  in  Rome  a  Commission, 
called  the  Commission  of  Public 
Safety.  This  Commission,  hav- 
ing declared  war  against  Brutus 
(the  murderer  of  Caesar),  levied 
a  war  tax  on  the  wealthy  ladies 
of  Rome,  but  the  eloquent 
pleading  of  Hortensia  succeeded 
in  the  proposed  tax  being  re- 
jected. She  was  the  daughter 
of  the  famous  orator  Hortensius. 
The  Princess. 

HOUGOUMONT. 

this,  indeed,' her  voice 
And  meaning,  whom  the  roar  of  Hougoumont 
Left  mightiest  of  all  peoples  under  heaven  ? 

= Battle  of  Waterloo. 

To  the  Queen,  II. 

HOURIS. 

Or  thronging  all  one  porch  of  Paradise 
A  group  of  Houris  bow'd  to  see 

The  dying  Islamite,  with  hands  and  eyes 
That  said,  We  wait  for  thee. 

Seventy-two  beautiful  virgins 
of  paradise,  whose  companion- 
ship, according  to  the  teaching  of 
the  Koran,  is  part  of  the  reward 
of  every  faithful  Mohammedan 
after  death.  They  are  pos- 
sessed with  perpetual  youth  and 
beauty. 
Palace  of  Art  ;  Promise  of  May. 

HOURS. 

But  thy  strong  Hours  indignant  work'd  their 
wills, 

Three  sisters,  attendants  on 
the  gods. 

Tithonus. 

HOWARD  (Thomas). 

See  Thomas  Howard. 


HOWARD    (Lord   William).    See 
William,  William  Howard. 


HOWL. 

=Owl. 

HOWLABY  BECK. 


Owd  Rod. 


But   I   minds  when   i'   Howlaby   beck  won 

daay  ya  was  ticklin'  o'  trout, 
An'  keeaper  'e  seed  ya  an  roon'd,  an*  'e  beal'd 

to  ya  '  Lad,  coom  hout ' 

Church-warden  and  the  Curate. 


HOWLABY  DAALE. 

An'  'e  kep  his  head  hoop  like  a  king,  an'  >'d 

niver  not  fown  wi'  'is  taail, 
Fur  'e'd  niver  done  nowt  to  be  shaamed  on, 

when  we  was  i'  Howlaby  Daale. 

Owd  Rod. 

HUBERT. 

Lover  of  Miriam  Erne,  only 
child  of  the  late  Miriam  Erne. 
Hubert  was  spoken  of  by 
Miriam's  father  as  the  fairy 
prince.  On  the  wedding  morn- 
ing Miriam  asked  her  father 
to  wish  her    joy.     He  replied, 

What  need  to  wish  when  Hubert  weds  in 
you 
The  heart  of  Love,  and  you  the  soul  of  Truth 
In  Hubert  ? 

The  Ring. 

HUGH. 

An  old  knight  who  had  fought 
at  Agincourt  where  Henry  V 
defeated  the  French  in  141 5. 
Walter,  son  of  Walter  Vivian, 
showed  to  some  of  his  friends 
invited  to  spend  the  day  with 
them,  some  of  the  articles  which 
adorned  his  father's  house,  and 
which  had  been  collected  from 
all  quarters  of  the  globe  and 
at  all  eras  of  history.  And 
'  this '  he  said,  '  was  Hugh's  at 
Agincourt.' 

The  Princess. 


HUG] 


173 


[ICE 


HUGH    (de    Morville).    See    De 
Morville. 


HUMBER  (river). 


Harold. 


HUNGARY. 

Shall  I  weep  if  a  Poland  fall  ?  shall  I  shriek 
if  a  Hungary  fail  ? 

In  1848-9  the  Hungarians 
under  Louis  Kossuth  rebelled 
against  Austrian  rule,  but, 
with  the  aid  of  Russia,  were 
reduced  to  subjection. 

Maud. 

HUNTINGDON    (Earl    of).     See 
Robin,  Robin  Hood. 

HUTTERBY  HALL. 

I  could   fettle  and  clump  owd  booots  and 

shoes  wi'  the  best  on  'em  all, 
As  fer  as  fro'  Thursby  thum  hup  to  Harmsby 

and  Hutterby  HalL 

Northern  Cobbler. 

HYACINTH. 

A  beautiful  bulbous-rooted 
flowering  plant  of  many  varieties. 
The  hyacinth  was  fabled  to 
have  sprung  from  the  blood  of 
Hyakinthos,  a  youth  killed  by 
Apollo  with  a  quoit. 

Balin  and  Balan  ;  Guinevere. 

HYADES. 

on  shore,  and  when 
Thro'  scudding  drifts  the  rainy  Hyades 
Vezt  the  dim  sea  : 

A  Greek  word  meaning  the 
1  rainers ' ;  and  a  name  given 
to  seven  stars  in  the  constella- 
tion Taurus ;  their  rising  and 
setting  simultaneously  with  the 
sun  is  believed  to  be  attended 
with  wet  weather. 

Ulysses. 

HYMEN. 

In  Greek  mythology  the  god 


of  marriage,  son  of  Apollo ; 
represented  as  a  boy  with 
wings,  and  carrying  in  his  hand 
the  marriage  torch  and  bridal 
veil.  Originally  a  song  sung  at 
a  Greek  wedding. 

Till  Hymen  brought  his  love-delighted  hour, 
There  dwelt  no  joy  in  Eden's  rosy  bow'r ! 
In  vain  the  viewless  seraph  ling'ring  there, 
At  starry  midnight,  charm'd  the  silent  air  ; 
In  vain,  the  wild-bird  caroll'd  on  the  steep,. 
To  hail  the  sun,  slow-wheeling  from  the  deep  ; 
In  vain,  to  soothe  the  solitary  shade, 
Aerial  notes  in  mingling  measure  play'd ; 
The  summer  wind  that  shook  the  spangled 

tree, 
The  whispering  wave,  the  murmur  of  the  bee  ; — 
Still  slowly  pass'd  the  melancholy  day, 
And  still  the  stranger  wist  not  where  to  stray. 
The  world  was  sad  ! — the  garden  was  a  wild  f 
And  man,   the  hermit,  sigh'd — till  Woman 

smil'd  ! 

Campbell :    Pleasures  ofiHope,  Part  II 

The  Cup. 
HYPERION. 

'  Look  where  another  of  our  Gods,  the  Sun, 
Apollo,  Delius,  or  of  older  use 
All-seeing  Hyperion — what  you  will — 

The  name  given  by  the  poets 
to  the  Sun. 

Lucretius. 

IBYCI. 

And  one  an  uxor  pauperis  Ibyci. 

Has  reference  to  the  wife  of 
Ibycus,  a  Greek  lyric  poet. 
Becket. 

ICELAND. 

An  island  in  the  North 
Atlantic  Ocean. 

Harold. 

ICENIAN. 

An  ancient  British  tribe  who 
inhabited  the  present  counties 
of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk.  Under 
their  queen  Boadicea  (q.v.) 
they  rose  against  the  Romans, 
destroyed  the  Roman  colonies 
of  Colchester,  St.  Albans  and 
London,  and  slew  70,000 
Romans,  but  were  in  turn  de- 


IDA] 


174 


[IDA 


feated    by    Suetonius    Paulinus 
the  Roman  governor  of  Britain. 
Boddicea. 

IDA. 

A  mountain  range  in  Asia 
Minor  extending  from  Phrygia 
through  Mysia  into  the  Troas. 
It  was  the  scene  of  the  rape  of 
Ganymede  and  the  judgment 
of  Paris,  and  the  place  from 
which  the  gods  watched  the 
battle  between  the  Trojans  and 
the  Greeks.  Zeus  is  said  to 
have  been  born  here,  and  it 
possessed  a  temple  in  honour 
of  Cybele  the  Idaean  Mother. 
The  rivers  Gramcus,  Simois, 
Scamander  and  many  other 
smaller  streams  have  their 
sources  in  the  mountain,  hence 
Tennyson's  epithet  of  Many- 
fountain'd  Ida. 

(Enone  ;    Lucretius  ;  Death 
of  (Enone. 

IDA. 

Heroine  of  The  Princess, 
betrothed  in  infancy  to  prince 
Arac.  On  attaining  marriage- 
able age  she  determined  to 
found  a  college  for  women,  and 
rigidly  exclude  all  men.  She 
was  essentially  earnest  and  de- 
voted to  her  cause  for  its  own 
sake,  and  would  undoubtedly 
have  shrunk  from  no  personal 
sacrifice  which  might  have  pro- 
moted the  welfare  of  her  darling 
purpose.  In  her  position  as 
head  of  the  college  she  was  the 
embodiment  of  majestic  dignity, 
her  voice  resonant  and  divine 
and  formed   a  striking  contrast 


to  some  of  the  subordinate 
members  of  her  staff.  In 
founding  the  college  her  chief 
aim  was  for  the  betterment  of 
woman's  position.  She  thought 
that  the  province  of  woman  in 
the  economy  of  nature  was 
intellectual  eminence. 

Knowledge  is  now  no  more  a  fountain  seal'd  : 
Drink  deep,  until  the  habits  of  the  slave, 
The  sins  of  emptiness,  gossip  and  spite 
And  slander,  die.' 

The  prince  put  on  woman's 
clothing,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  college  as  a  girl 
student.  The  prince's  father 
declared  war  upon  the  father 
of  the  princess  to  enforce 
the  marriage  contract,  and  it 
was  agreed  to  settle  the  quarrel 
by  a  combat  of  fifty  warriors  on 
either  side ;  the  prince  was 
beaten  and  the  college  was 
turned  into  a  hospital  for  the 
wounded  men,  most  of  the 
girl  graduates  being  ordered 
home.  The  princess  remained 
to  nurse  the  defeated  prince, 
with  the  natural  consequence 
that  in  tending  him  she  was 
drawn  to  love  him,  abandoned 
the  college,  and  married  her 
betrothed. 

The  Princess. 

IDALIAN. 

Idalian  Aphrodite  beautiful, 
Fresh  as  the  foam,    new-bathed  in    Paphian 
wells, 

Idalium,  an  ancient  town  in 
Cyprus.  It  possessed  a  temple 
sacred  to  Aphrodite,  from 
which  she  was  sometimes  called 
Idalia. 

(Enone. 


IDE] 


175 


[INN 


IDEN. 

And  Thomas  White  will  prove  this  Thomas 

Wyatt, 
And  he  will  prove  an  Iden  to  this  Cade, 

Has  reference  to  Alexander 
Iden,  a  Kentish  squire  who 
slew  Jack  Cade  (q-v.)  and 
brought  his  head  to  Henry  VI, 
for  which  service  he  was  knighted. 
Shakespeare  in  Second  Part  of 
King  Henry  VI,  Act  v.  Scene 
i,  alludes  to  it : 

King  Henry.    The  head  of  Cade !    Great 
God,  how  just  art  thou  ! 
O,  let  me  view  his  visage,  being  dead, 

*  »  * 

King  Henry.    How  art  thou  call'd  ?  and 

what  is  thy  degree  ? 
Iden.     Alexander  Iden,   that's  my  name ; 
A  poor  esquire  of  Kent,  that  loves  his  king. 

*  •  * 

King  Henry.    Iden,  kneel  down. 
Rise  up  a  knight. 

Queen  Mary. 
IDRIS. 

Himself  beyond  the  rest  pushing  could  move 
The  chair  of  Idris. 

A  mythical  Welsh  giant, 
whose  rocky  chair  was  on  the 
mount  of  Cader  Idris  in 
Merionethshire.  Tradition  says 
that  any  one  passing  the  night 
in  the  chair,  would,  in  the  morn- 
ing either  be  found  dead  or 
endowed  with  poetical  inspir- 
ation. 

Marriage  of  Geraint. 

ILIAD. 

The  great  epic  poem  by 
Homer. 

Parnassus. 
ILION. 

but  in  front 
The  gorges,  opening  wide  apart,  reveal 
Troas  and  Ilion's  column'd  citadel, 
The  crown  of  Troas. 

=  The  city  of  Troy,  built  by 
the  gods  Neptune  and  Apollo, 
for  Laomedon,  the  father  of 
Tithonus. 


(Enone  ;  Tithonus  ;  Lucre- 
tius ;  To  Virgil ;  Death  of 
(Enone. 

ILLYRIAN. 

Illyrian  woodlands,  echoing  falls 
Of  water,  sheets  of  summer  glass, 

The    coastlands    east    of   the 
Adriatic  and  north  of  Greece. 
To  E.  L. 

IMMANUEL  GOLDSMITHS. 

A  jeweller,  whose  shop   was 
ransacked  and  '  ower  a  hoonderd 
pounds  worth  o'  rings  stolen.' 
Promise  of  May. 

IND. 

and  bind  with  bands 
That  island  queen  who  sways  the  floods  and 

lands 
From  Ind  to  Ind, 

=  India. 
Buonaparte  ;  Queen  Mary. 

INDIA. 

Milton  ;  A  Welcome  to  Her 
Royal  Highness  Marie  Alex- 
androvna,  Duchess  of  Edin- 
burgh ;  To  the  Marquis  of 
Dufferin  and  Ava  ;  On  the 
Jubilee  of  Queen  Victoria  ; 
Defence  of  Lucknow. 

INDIES. 

=  West  Indies. 

Columbus  ;  Queen  Mary. 

INNISKILLENS. 

The  second  squadron  of 
Inniskillings,  who,  with  two 
squadrons  of  the  Scots  Greys 
made  the  famous  charge  at 
Balaclava. 

Charge  of  the  Heavy  Brigade 
at  Balaclava, 


INQ] 


176 


[ISL 


INQUISITION  DOGS. 

To  these  Inquisition  dogs  and  the  devildoms 
of  Spain. 

=  The    Spanish    Inquisition 
established  in  1480. 

The  Revenge. 

IONIAN    ARTEMIS.     See    Ephe- 
sian  Artemis. 

IONIAN  FATHER. 

And  there  the  Ionian  father  of  the  rest ; 
A  million  wrinkles  carved  his  skin  ; 


=  Homer. 


Palace  of  Art. 


IONIAN  HILLS. 

There  lies  a  vale  in  Ida,  lovelier 
Than  all  the  valleys  of  Ionian  hills. 

May  probably  refer  to  the 
neighbouring  hills  of  Mysia. 

(Enone. 
IRAN. 

=  The  Persian  empire. 

Akbar's  Dream. 
IRELAND. 

Last  Tournament ;  Harold. 
IRIS. 

But  light-foot  Iris  brought  it  yester-eve, 
Delivering,  that  to  me, 

The  daughter  of  Thaumas 
and  Electra.  She  was  a  virgin 
goddess  and  a  messenger  of  the 
gods,  and  swift  as  the  breeze 
with  wings  of  gold.  She  was 
the  personification  of  the  rain- 
bow. 

(Enone ;    Achilles  over  the 
Trench. 
IRIS. 

A    genus    of    plants    having 
showy  flowers  and  bulbous  roots. 
In  Memoriam. 
ISABEL. 

Revered  Isabel,  the  crown  and  head, 
The  stately  flower  of  female  fortitude, 
Of  perfect  wifehood  and  pure  lowlihead. 

Has  reference  to  Tennyson's 


mother.     The  poem  itself  is  a 
description  of  her. 

Isabel. 
ISCARIOT. 

That  Pontius  and  Iscariot  by  my  side 
Show'd  like  fair  seraphs. 

=  Judas,  surnamed  Iscariot, 
one  of  the  twelve  Apostles,, 
who  betrayed  his  Master  for 
thirty  pieces  of  silver. 

St.  Simeon  Stylites  ;    Queen 
Mary. 

ISIS. 

For  the  drift  of  the  Maker  is  dark,  an  I  sis  hid 
by  the  veil. 

An  Egyptian  goddess  and 
the  goddess  of  procreation  and 
birth,  her  symbol  being  the 
cow.  Her  principal  temple  was 
at  Busiris  in  the  Delta  of  the 
Nile.  Several  feasts  were  held 
in  her  honour,  and  there  were 
also  special  mysteries  of  Isis,. 
supposed  to  have  been  borrowed 
from  the  Eleusinian  mysteries 
of  Demeter. 

Maud. 

ISLAMITE. 

Or  thronging  all  one  porch  of  Paradise 
A  group  of  Houris  bow'd  to  see 

The  dying  Islamite,  with  hands  and  eyes 
That  said,  We  wait  for  thee. 

= Obedience  to  God's  Will, 
Palace  of  Art. 

ISLE  OF  FINN. 

Go  back  to  the  Isle  of  Finn  and  suffer  the  Past 
to  be  Past.' 

=  Ireland. 

Voyage  of  Maeldune. 

ISLE  OF  A  SAINT. 
ISLE  OF  FIRE. 
ISLE  OF  FLOWERS. 
ISLE  OF  FRUITS. 
ISLE  OF  SHOUTING. 


ISL] 


177 


[IXI 


ISLE  OF  THE  DOUBLE  TOWERS. 
ISLE  OF  WITCHES. 

See  Maeldune. 

ISLE  OF  WIGHT. 

Yet  one  lay-hearth  would  give  you  welcome 
(Take  it  and  come)  to  the  Isle  of  Wight : 

An  island  in  the  English 
Channel. 

To  Ulysses  ;  To  Rev.  F.  D. 
Maurice. 
ISLIP. 

A  town  near  Oxford. 

Queen  Mary. 
ISOLT. 

According  to  the  Arthurian 
tradition  there  were  two  ladies 
of  this  name,  Isolt  the  Fair, 
daughter  of  Anguish,  king  of 
Erin,  wife  of  king  Mark  (q.v.) 
of  Cornwall ;  and  Isolt  of  the 
1  White  Hands,'  daughter  of 
Howell,  king  of  Brittany,  and 
the  wife  of  sir  Tristram  {q.v.). 
It  is  the  latter  lady  to  whom 
Tennyson  refers. 
Last  Tournament  ;  Guinevere. 

ISSA  BEN  MARIAM. 

Issa  Ben  Mariam,  his  own  prophet,  cried 
'  Love  one  another,  little  ones,'  and  '  bless  ' 
Whom  ?  even  '  your  persecutors  ' ! 

=  Jesus,  the  son    of    Mary, 
founder  of  the  Christian  religion. 
Akbar's  Dream. 
■BUS. 

when  her  Satrap  bled 
At  Issus  by  the  Syrian  gates, 

A  Cilician  town,  famous  for 
the  victory  which  Alexander  the 
Great    obtained    over    Darius, 

333  B-c- 

Alexander. 

ITALY. 

The    Brook  ;     The   Daisy  ; 
To  Dante  ;   Queen  Mary. 


ITHACENSIAN  SUITORS. 

I  ceased,  and  all  the  ladies,  each  at  each 
Like  the  Ithacensian  suitors  in  old  time, 
Stared  with   great  eyes,   and  laugh'd  with 
alien  lips, 

Has  reference  to  Penelope y 
wife  of  Odysseus,  king  of  Ithaca, 
who,  during  the  latter's  absence 
in  the  Trojan  war,  was  beset 
by  numerous  suitors,  assuming 
that  Odysseus  had  perished  in 
the  war.  Eventually,  through 
the  good  offices  of  Pallas 
Athene,  Odysseus  returned,  and 
relieved  her  of  her  perplexity. 
The  Princess. 

IVIN'. 

=  Ivy. 

Owd   Rod  ;  Church-warden 
and  the  Curate, 

IVY. 

A  plant  of  the  genus  Hederay 
with  dark  smooth  evergreen 
leaves.  The  stem  clings  to 
walls  and  trees. 

(Enone  ;  Lotos-Eaters  ; 

Day-Dream  ;     The  Brook  ; 

Spiteful  Letter ;    Marriage 

of  Geraint  ;    Lover's  Tale  ; 

Harold ;     The   Foresters. 

IXION-LIKE. 

Shadows  thou  dost  strike. 
Embracing  cloud,  Ixion-like ; 

Ixion  was  the  king  of  the 
Lapithae,  who  attempted  to 
win  the  love  of  Juno,  but 
Jupiter  substituted  a  cloud  of 
her  instead,  whereby  he  became 
the  father  of  the  Centaurs,  and 
whom  Jupiter  punished  by 
fastening  him  to  an  eternally 
revolving  wheel  in  hell. 

Two  Voices. 
N 


JAC] 


178 


[JAM 


JACHIN. 

A  brass  pillar,  signifying  sta- 
bility, at  the  entrance  to  Solo- 
mon's temple.     I  Kings  vii.  21. 

iphave  built  the  Lord  a  house — sing,  Asaph  ! 

clash 
The    cymbal,    Heman !    blow    the    trumpet, 

priest! 
Fall,  cloud,  and  fill  the  house — lo !  my  two 
■0  pillars, 
Jachin  and  Boaz  ! — 

Harold. 

JACK. 

The  man  employed  by  a 
farmer  named  Jocky  Dawes  to 
remove  his  household  belong- 
ings from  the  farm  as  the  house 
was  supposed  to  be  haunted. 
Walking  to  the  Mail. 
JACK. 

And  Jack  on  his  ale-house  bench  has  as  many 
lies  as  a  Czar ; 


See  Czar. 


Maud. 


JACKSON. 

A  labourer  to  farmer  Dobson. 
Promise  of  May. 

JACOBINISM— JACQUERIE. 

After  madness,   after  massacre,   Jacobinism 
and  Jacquerie. 

Jacobinism.  The  policy  of 
the  Jacobite  faction  opposite  to 
legitimate  government.  Jac- 
querie. A  name  given  to  the 
French  peasants  who  rose  in 
revolt  against  the  nobles  during 
the  absence  of  king  John  II 
of  France  as  a  prisoner  in  Eng- 
land in  1358,  the  leader  of 
whom  assumed  the  name  of 
Jacques  Bonhomme. 

Locksley  Hall  Sixty   Years 
After. 
JAEL. 

And  highest,  among  the  statues,  statue -like, 
Between  a  cymbal'd  Miriam  and  a  Jael, 


A  Jewish  heroine,  wife  of 
Heber  the  Kenite,  who  slew 
Sisera  the  captain  of  the  host 
of  the  Canaanites,  who  after 
being  defeated  by  Deborah  and 
Balak  near  the  brook  Kishon, 
fled  and  took  refuge  in  her  tent. 
See  Judges  iv. 

The  Princess. 

JAMES. 

A  friend  of  the  poet  Leonard, 
also  spending  a  holiday  in 
Llanberis.  He  had  listened  to 
the  lines  written  by  Leonard 
concerning  the  Golden  Age, 
and  added  all  in  heat, 

'  What  stuff  is  this  ! 
Old  writers  push'd  the  happy  season  back, — 
The  more  fools  they  — we  forward  :  dreamers 
both: 

He  declares : 

That  unto  him  who  works,  and  feels  he  works, 
This  same  grand  year  is  ever  at  the  doors.' 

Golden  Year. 
JAMES. 

We  flung  the  burthen  of  the  second  James. 

=We  got   rid  of  James   II, 
declared  the  throne  vacant,  and 
resisted  him  by  force  of  arms. 
Third  of  February. 

JAMES. 

A  Protestant  who  with  others 
was  assembled  to  see  the 
burning  of  Cranmer,  who  at 
the  time  of  the  conversation 
was  set  upon  a  scaffold  before 
the  people. 

First  Protestant.    See  how  the  tears  run 
f       down  his  fatherly  face. 
i  Second     Protestant.    James,     didst     thou 

ever  see  a  carrion  crow 
Stand  watching  a  sickjseast^before'he  dies  ? 

Queen  Mary. 
JAMES,  ST.     See  St.  James. 


JAM] 


179 


[JEN 


JAMES  WILLOWS. 

Cousin  of  Katie  Willows,  and 
also  her  lover — 

James  Willows,  of  one  name  and  heart  with 
her. 

Katie  and  her  lover  quar- 
relled, and  it  was  implied  that 
the  narrator,  Lawrence  Aylmer, 
of  whom  James  was  jealous, 
was  the  guilty  person. 

And  James  departed  vext  with  him  and  her. 

Lawrence,  however,  did  Katie 
a  good  turn  by  engaging  the 
attention  of  her  father  Philip,  so 
that  she  and  James  had  an 
opportunity  of  making  up  the 
quarrel. 

'  Arrived  and  found  the  sun  of  sweet  con  ten  t 
Re-risen  in  Katie's  eyes,  and  all  things  well. 


The  Brook. 


JANE.     See  Jenny. 


JANE. 

Daughter  of  Henry  Grey, 
marquis  of  Dorset  and  a  dis- 
tinguished linguist.  The  duke 
of  Northumberland,  who  had 
succeeded  Somerset,  compelled 
her  to  marry  against  her  wish 
his  fourth  son,  lord  Guildford 
Dudley,  and  on  the  death  of 
Edward  VI  had  her  pro- 
claimed queen.  On  the  acces- 
sion of  Mary  she  was  sent  to  the 
Tower,  and  being  condemned 
to  death  was  six  months  later 
with  her  husband  beheaded. 
Queen  Mary. 

JAPAN. 

To  Ulysses. 

JAQUES. 

Our  kindlier,  trusties  Jacques,  past  away ! 

Has  reference  to  Jaques,  a 
lord  attendant  on  the  banished 
duke  in  the  forest  of  Arden.     Is 


one  of  the  characters  in  Shake- 
speare's As  you  like  it,  AIVs 
well  that  ends  well,  and  Henry 
V. 

To  Rev.  W.  H.  Brookfield. 

JASMINE. 

A  shrubby  plant,  bearing 
flowers  of  a  peculiarly  fragrant 
odour. 

Dream  of  Fair  Women ; 
Aylmer 's  Field  ;  The  Prin- 
cess. 

JAY. 

A  bird  allied  to  the  crow 
family  with  gay  plumage. 

My  life  is  full ;  Progress  of 
Spring ;      The    Foresters. 

JEAN. 

A  priest. 

Harold. 

JENNY. 

Cousin  of  the  speaker  in  the 
poem,  and  to  whose  house  she 
had  come  with  the  idea  of 
making  trouble  between  the 
speaker  and  her  lover  Willy. 
She  partially  succeeded,  being 
seen  one  moonlight  night  taking 
a  walk  with  Willy.  On  account 
of  this  the  speaker  suggested 
to  her  lover  that  they  should 
part,  but  Willy  said 

Sweetheart,  I  love  you  so  well  that  your  good 

name  is  mine. 
And  what  do  I  care  for  Jane,  let  her  speak  of 

you  well  or  ill ; 
But  marry  me  out  of  hand  :  we  two  shall  be 

happy  still.' 

Grandmother. 

JENNY. 

One  of  a  crowd  of  women 
and  children  assembled  on 
London  Bridge,  who  were  much 


JEPJ 


1 80 


[JOA 


against  the  marriage  of   Mary 
and  Philip  of  Spain. 

Queen  Mary. 

JEPHTHA. 

JEPHTHA'S  DAUGHTER. 

Pale,  for  on  her  the  thunders  of  the  house 
Had  fallen  first,  was  Edith  that  same  night  ; 
Pale  as  the  Jephtha's  daughter, 

Has  reference  to  the  daughter 
of  Jephtha,  who  was  offered 
up  to  God  as  a  sacrifice.  See 
Judges  xv. 

Aylmeis  Field  ;   The  Flight. 

JEROOSILIM  (Jerusalem). 

Tomorrow. 
JERSEY. 

The  largest  of  the  Channel 
Islands. 

First  Quarrel. 

JERUSALEM. 

The      capital      of       ancient 
Judaea,  and  of  modern  Palestine, 
and  the  scene  of  many  import- 
ant  events  in   Biblical  history. 
Columbus  ;  Becket  ;  Promise 
of  May. 
JESSAMINE. 
=Jasmine. 

Maud. 

JESSMINE. 

=Jasmine. 

Spinste  r*s  Sweet- Arts. 

JESSES. 

Yet  while  they  road  together  down  the  plain, 
Their  talk  was  all  of  training,  terms  of  art, 
Diet  and  seeling,  jesses,  leash  and  lure. 

Two  short  straps  round  the 
legs  of  a  hawk  to  which  was 
attached  the  leash. 

Merlin  and  Vivien. 

JILT. 

Name  of  a  horse. 

The  Brook. 


JINNY. 

Daughter  of  the  village  squire. 

An'  the  fever  *ed  baaked  Jinny's  'ead  as  bald 
as  one  o'  them  heggs, 

Village  Wife. 

JOAN. 

A  French  maiden,  born  of 
poor  parents.  Professed  to 
have  been  inspired  to  liberate 
France  from  the  English  ;  and 
in  1428  led  the  French  army 
to  victory,  raised  the  siege  of 
Orleans  and  saw  Charles  VII 
crowned  king  at  Rheims  on 
July  13,  1429.  In  the  follow- 
ing year  she  was  captured  and 
sold  to  the  English,  and  after 
being  imprisoned  at  Rouen 
was  brought  to  trial,  and 
being  condemned  as  a  sorceress 
was   burnt   to   death,   May   30, 

H3I- 

The  Princess ;  Romney's 
Remorse ;  Dream  of  Fair 
Women. 

JOAN. 

A  country  wife. 

Queen  Mary. 
JOANES. 

Described  by  an  old  farmer, 
whose  strength  is  fast  failing, 
as  being  devoid  of  sense,  and  a 
person  who  could  be  more 
easily  spared  to  die  than  the 
farmer  himself. 

A  mowt  'a  taaen  owd  Joanes,  as  'ant  not  a 
'aapoth  o'  sense, 

Northern  Farmer,  Old  Style. 
JOAN  OF  KENT. 

'twas  you 
That  sign'd  the  burning  of  poor  Joan  of  Kent ; 
But  then  she  was  a  witch. 

Called  the  <  Maid  of  Kent,* 
born  in  1506.     When  a  domestic 


JOC] 


181 


[JOH 


servant  at  Aldington  she  came 
out  of  an  illness  in  a  state  of 
religious  mania,  and  under  the 
direction  of  a  monk — sent  by 
archbishop  Warham  to  examine 
her — gave  herself  out  as  a 
prophetess  who  had  received 
inspiration  from  the  Virgin 
Mary.  Events  having  falsified 
her  predictions  she  was  in  1533 
examined  before  parliament, 
confessed  the  imposture  and 
was  condemned  and  executed 
at  Tyburn,  with  other  accom- 
plices in  April  1534.  When 
brought  to  the  scaffold  she 
described  herself  as  '  a  poor 
wench  without  learning,  who 
had  been  puffed  up  by  praises 
to  her  own  undoing  and  that 
of  her  companions.' 

Queen  Mary. 

JOCELYN  (Bishop  of  Salisbury). 

No  saying  of  mine — Jocelyn  of  Salisbury. 

=Jocelin  de  Bohun,  bishop 
of  Salisbury  1142-1184. 

Becket. 

JOCKY  DAWES. 

A  farmer — tenant  of  Sir 
Edward  Head — who  removed 
from  his  farm  as  it  was  supposed 
to  be  haunted  by  a  ghost 

that  shook 
The  curtains,  whined  in  lobbies,  tapt  at  doors, 
And  rummaged  like  a  rat :  no  servant  stay'd  : 
The  farmer  vext  packs  up  his  beds  and  chairs, 
And  all  his  household  stuff ; 


Walking  to  the  Mail. 


JOHN. 


What  amulet  drew  her  down  to  that  old  oak, 
So  old,  that  twenty  years  before,  a  part 
Falling  had  let  appear  the  brand  of  John — 

The  tree  had  been  branded  with  the  letters 
I.R.  (=  John  Rex  or  King),  denoting  that 
it  had  been  so  marked  in  the  reign  of  King 


John.  The  marks  thus  burnt  into  the  bark 
of  the  tree  had  been  concealed  from  view 
by  the  overgrowth  of  fresh  bark,  which,  fall- 
ing o*f  centuries  after,  had  disclosed  the  an- 
cient brand. 

Webb  :    Notes  on  Ay  Inter' s  Field. 

T.  J.  M.  writing  in  Notes  and 
Queries,  September  25,  1880, 
says : 

'  that  in  cutting  down  some  timber  in  Birk- 
land  and  Billagh,  in  Sherwood  Forest,  letters 
have  been  found  cut  or  stamped  in  the  body 
of  the  trees,  denoting  the  king's  reign  in  which 
they  were  so  marked.  The  cyphers  were  of 
the  reign  of  James  I.,  of  William  and  Mary, 
and  one  of  King  John.  The  mark  of  John 
was  eighteen  inches  within  the  tree,  and 
something  more  than  a  foot  from  the  centre ; 
it  was  cut  down  in  1791.  But  the  middle 
year  of  John's  reign  was  1207,  from  which, 
if  we  subtract  120 — the  number  of  years 
requisite  for  a  tree  of  two  feet  in  diameter  to 
arrive  at  that  growth — it  will  make  the  date 
of  its  planting  1085,  or  about  twenty  years 
after  the  Conquest.' 

J.  T.  F.  in  the  same  issue  of 
Notes  and  Queries  tells  us : 

'  that  a  bit  of  oak  bearing  the  two  Roman 
letters  I.R.,  was  given  to  his  grandfather, 
William  Fowler,  of  Winterton,  some  sixty 
years  ago,  by  a  gentleman  in  the  neghbour- 
hood  of  Newark.  The  letters,  which  are  a 
little  over  an  inch  in  height,  are  cut  or  branded 
directly  across  the  grain  of  the  wood.  At- 
tached to  the  fragment  is  a  label  inscribed  as 
follows : — 

'  This  piece  of  wood  was  found  in  an  Oak 
tree,  15  inches  below  the  bark,  and  contained 
the  Initals  of  King  John,  who  died  at  Newark 
600  years  ago.' 

Aylmer's  Field. 

JOHN. 

St.     John     the     Evangelist. 
Columbus  considered  the  words 
in  the  Book  of  Revelation,  chap, 
i,    verse    I,    referred  to  him. 
Columbus. 
JOHN. 

Let  them  go. 
They  go  like  those  old  Pharisees  in  John 
Convicted  by  their  conscience,  arrant  cowards, 

=The  Gospel  of  St  John. 
Queen  Mary. 

JOHN. 

Prince  John,  afterwards  king 
of  England. 

The  Foresters. 


JOHJ 

JOHN. 

JOHN  OF  OXFORD. 

Bishop  of  Norwich ;  presi- 
dent of  the  Council  of  Claren- 
don in  1 164  j  in  November  of 
the  same  year — after  Becket's 
flight — was  sent  with  other 
bishops,  to  the  French  king 
requesting  that  he  would  not 
receive  the  archbishop.  In 
1 1 66  Becket  while  at  Veselay 
formally  excommunicated  him, 
but  he  obtained  absolution 
from  Alexander  III.  In  11 75 
he  was  appointed  bishop  of 
Norwich  by  Henry  II.  His 
latter  years  appear  to  have 
been  spent  in  retirement.  He 
died  in  1200. 

Becket. 
JOHN. 
JOHN  OF  SALISBURY. 

Bishop  of  Chartres ;  secre- 
tary to  archbishop  Theobald 
for  some  years ;  fell  into  dis- 
grace with  Henry  II  and 
appealed  to  Becket  to  intercede 
for  him  ;  left  England  in  11 64 
but  returned  in  1 1 70  after 
Becket's  interview  with  Henry 
at  Freteval.  Was  in  the  com- 
pany of  Becket  when  the  four 
knights  made  their  appearance 
in  Canterbury  Cathedral,  and 
advised  Becket  to  be  prudent 
in  his  dealings  with  them ; 
when  the  actual  attack  began  he 
fled  and  hid  himself.  After  the 
murder  he  supported  the  in- 
clusion of  Becket's  name  in  the 
calendar  of  martyrs  and  wrote 
a  biography  of  him  with  a  view 
of    securing    his    canonization. 


182  [J0S 

In  1 1 76  he  was  appointed 
bishop  of  Chartres.  He  died 
on  October  25,  1179,  and  was 
buried  in  the  monastery  of 
Josaphat. 

Becket. 

JOHN  (Prester) .    See  Prester  John. 

JOHN,  ST.     See  St.  John. 

JOHN     THE      SWEARER.      See 
John  of  Oxford. 

JONAH. 

'  I  am  the  Jonah,  the  crew  should  cast  me 
into  the  deep, 

The  Wreck. 
JONAH. 

I  had  liefer  that  the  fish  had  swallowed  me 
Like  Jonah,  than  have  known  there  were  such 
devils. 

Harold. 
JONAH'S  GOURD. 

In  us  true  growth,  in  her  a  Jonah's  gourd, 
Up  in  one  night  and  due  to  sudden  sun  : 
See  Jonah  iv.  6. 

The  Princess. 
JOSEPH. 

of  Arimathaea.  The  story  is 
that  after  Joseph  of  Arimathzea 
had  begged  the  body  of  Christ 
he  followed  Philip  to  Gaul  as 
a  preacher,  and  being  sent 
across  the  Channel  to  carry  the 
gospel  into  Britain  landed  with 
his  boat  at  Glastonbury. 

And  finds  himself  descended  from  the  Saint 
Arimathaean  Joseph ;   him  who  first 
Brought  the  great  faith  to  Britain  over  seas  ; 

Arviragus,  a  heathen  king  at 
that  time  welcomed  Joseph 
and  gave  him  land  upon  which 
to  build  a  church,  and  he 
erected  a  wattle  church  on  the 
site  of  St.  Mary's  Chapel, 
Glastonbury,  which  is  supposed 
to  have  been  destroyed  by  fire 
about  i I 80. 


JOS] 


183 


[JUL 


'  From  our  old  books  I  know 
That  Joseph  came  of  old  to  Glastonbury, 
And  there  the  heathen  Prince,  Arviragus, 
Gave  him  an  isle  of  marsh  whereon  to  build  ; 
And  there  he  built  with  wattles  from  the 

marsh 
A  little  lonely  church  in  days  of  yore, 

Joseph  brought  with  him 
from  the  land  of  Aromat  the 
Holy  Grail,  the  cup  in  which 
he  is  said  to  have  caught  some 
of  the  blood  of  Christ,  as  He 
hung  upon  the  cross 

but  now — the  Quest, 
This  vision — hast  thou  seen  the  Holy  Cup, 
That  Joseph  brought  of  old  to  Glastonbury  ? 

Upon  landing  he  planted  his 
pilgrim's  staff  into  the  ground, 
which  took  root  and  grew  into 
a  Holy  Thorn,  which  miracul- 
ously blossomed  every  old  Christ- 
mas eve  until  it  was  cut  down 
by  a  puritan  soldier  who  was 
wounded  in  the  act.  A  graft 
of  the  thorn  is  however  sup- 
posed to  exist. 

the  good  saint 
Arimathaean  Joseph,  journeying  brought 
To  Glastonbury,  where  the  winter  thorn 
Blossoms  at  Christmas,  mindful  of  our  Lord. 

He  is  the  reputed  founder 
of  Glastonbury  Abbey — which 
includes  in  the  north  transept 
the  Chapel  of  St.  Mary  (other- 
wise known  as  St.  Joseph's), 
and  he  is  said  to  lie  buried  on 
a  hill  known  as  Chalice  Hill. 

Balin  and  Balan  ;  Holy  Grail. 

JOSHUA. 

Than  that  earth  should1  stand  at  gaze  like 
Joshua's  moon  in  Ajalon  ! 

The  successor  of  Moses  as  the 
leader  of  the  Israelites.  In 
the  valley  of  Ajalon,  the  scene  of 
a  battle  between  the  Israelites 
and  five  Canaanitish  kings,  he 
commanded  the  sun  and  the 
moon  to  stand  still.  Joshuax.  12. 
Locksley  Hall. 


JOSHUA. 

What  fame  ?     I  am  not  Raphael,  Titian — no, 
Nor  even  a  Sir  Joshua,  some  will  cry. 

=Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  the 
English  painter. 

Romney's  Remorse. 
JUDAH. 

Not  least  art  thou,  thou  little  Bethlehem 
In  Judah,  for  in  thee  the  Lord  was  born  : 
See  Matthew  ii. 

Sir  John  Oldcastley 
Lord  Cob  ham. 

JUDITH.    See  Holofernes. 

The  Princess. 
JUDITH. 

But   your  Judith — but  your   worldling — she 
had  never  driven  me  wild.  I 

Judith  was  the  woman  who 
had  jilted  the  grandson  of  the 
speaker. 

Locksley  Hall  Sixty   Tears 
After. 
JULIAN. 

Cousin  and  foster-brother  of 
Camilla,  for  whom  he  conceived 
a  silent  love. 

I  did  not  speak :  I  could  not  speak  my  love. 
Love  lieth  deep :   Love  dwells  not  in   lip- 
depths. 

When  Camilla  told  him  of  her 
love  for  his  friend  Lionel  his 
heart  was  broken  and  he  lived 
a  life  of  solitude.  Camilla 
married  Lionel,  but  died  within 
the  year.  She  was  buried  in  an 
open  coffin  in  the  family  vault, 
where  she  was  visited  by  Julian 
who  embraced  her  in  death. 

He  rose  and  went,  and  entering  the  dim  vault, 
And,  making  there  a  sudden  light,  beheld 
All  round  about  him  that  which  all  will  be. 
The  light  was  but  a  flash,  and  went  again. 
Then  at  the  far  end  of  the  vault  he  saw 
His  lady  with  the  moonlight  on  her  face ; 
Her  breast  as  in  a  shadow-prison,  bars 
Of  black  and  bands  of  silver,  which  the  moon 
Struck  from  an  open  grating  overhead 
High  in  the  wall,  and  all  the  rest  of  her 
Drown'd  in  the  gloom  and  horror  of  the  vault. 

As  he  held  her  to  him, 
he    felt    her    pulse    beat,    she 


JUL] 


184 


[JUN 


was  alive ;  and  taking  her 
into  his  arms  carried  her  to  her 
mother's  house,  where  immedi- 
ately afterwards  her  child  was 
born.  Then  Julian  made  a 
feast  to  which  Lionel  was  in- 
vited. At  the  end  of  the  feast, 
in  accordance  with  a  Persian 
custom  which  showed  the 
guests  the  richest  treasure  of 
his  host,  he  brought  Camilla 
and  the  babe  into  the  room. 
She  was  reunited  to  Lionel. 

Then  taking  his  dear  lady  by  one  hand, 
And  bearing  on  one  arm  the  noble  babe, 
He  slowly  brought  them  both  to  Lionel. 
And  there  the  widower  husband  and  dead  wife 
Rush'd  each  at  each  with  a  cry,  that  rather 

seem'd 
For  some  new  death  than  for  a  life  renew'd  ; 

And  Julian,  magnanimous  at 
the  spectacle  of  their  happiness, 
without  bidding  farewell, 
rushed  from  the  scene  : 

'  It  is  over  :  let  us  go ' — 
There  were  our  horses  ready  at  the  doors — 
We  bad  them  no  farewell,  but  mounting  these 
He  past  for  ever  from  his  native  land  ; 
And  I  with  him,  my  Julian,  back  to  mine. 

Lover's  Tale. 


JULIET. 


Gardener' 's  Daughter. 


JULIUS  (the  Third). 

Pope  of  Rome  from  1550  to 
1555.  As  a  cardinal  he  was 
one  of  the  papal  legates  at  the 
Council  of  Trent,  and  on  being 
appointed  pope  sent  cardinal 
Pole  to  England  to  arrange 
with  Mary  as  to  the  best  means 
of  bringing  the  kingdom  again 
in  subjection  to  the  papal  see. 
Queen  Mary. 

JUMIEGES.    See    Robert    of 
Jumieges. 


JUNO. 

In  Italian  mythology  the 
wife  of  Jupiter  and  queen  of 
heaven.  Her  temple  at  Rome, 
which  was  in  the  Capitol  close 
to  Jupiter,  was  one  of  the  most 
ancient  and  venerated.  As 
queen  of  the  heavens,  she  pre- 
sided over  marriage,  and  parti- 
cularly patronised  the  most 
faithful  and  virtuous  of  the  sex, 
and  severely  punished  lewdness 
in  matrons.  She  was  the  goddess 
of  power  and  empire,  and  is 
represented  sitting  on  a  throne 
with  a  diadem  on  her  head 
and  a  golden  sceptre  in  her 
right  hand.  In  another  form  of 
worship  she  is  represented  as 
clad  in  a  mantle  of  goat-skin, 
bearing  a  shield  and  an  up- 
lifted spear,  and  accompanied 
by  a  sacred  serpent.  In  Greek 
mythology  she  was  identified 
with  Here.  Paris  (q-v.),  the 
shepherd-prince  of  Troy,  was 
appointed  arbiter  to  decide 
which  of  the  three  goddesses 
(Juno,  Pallas  Athene  and  Venus) 
was  the  most  beautiful,  and 
to  which  should  be  awarded 
the  golden  apple,  the  prize 
of  beauty.  On  appearing  be- 
before  Paris  she  made  an 
attempt  to  bribe  him,  promising 
him  sovereignty. 

She  to  Paris  made 
Proffer  of  royal  power,  ample  rule 
Unquestion'd,  overflowing  revenue 
Wherewith  to  embellish  state, '  from  many 

a  vale 
And  river-sunder'd  champaign  clothed  with 

corn, 
Or  labour'd  mine  undrainable  of  ore. 
*  «  » 

Still  she  spake  on  and  still  she  spake  of  power, 
'  Which  in  all  action  is  the  end  of  all ; 
Power  fitted  to  the  season ;  wisdom-bred 


JUP] 


185 


And  throned  of  wisdom — from  all  neighbour 

crowns 
Alliance  and  allegiance,  till  thy  hand 
Fail  from  the  sceptre-staff.' 

Paris    however    decided    in 
favour  of  Venus. 

A  Character  ;  The  Cup. 

JUPITER. 

In  Italian  mythology  the 
lord  of  heaven,  identified  with 
the  Greek  Zeus.  His  chief 
seat  of  worship  was  the  Capitol 
at  Rome,  an  earthenware  image 
being  enthroned  in  the  temple, 
with  a  thunderbolt  in  his  right 
hand.  After  existing  for  400 
years  the  temple  was  burnt 
down,  but  was  rebuilt  with 
increased  magnificence  in  B.C. 
83.  It  was  again  destroyed 
by  fire  a.d.  70,  and  scarcely 
had  it  been  rebuilt  by  Ves- 
pasian when  it  was  again  burnt 
down  a.d.  80 ;  but  in  a.d. 
82  Domitian  erected  a  temple 
which  stood  as  late  as  the  ninth 


century. 


The  Cup. 


KALIFA. 

Those  cobras  ever  setting  up  their  hoods — 
One  Alia  !  one  Kalifa  ! 

A  title  given  to  the  successors 
of  Mahomet. 

Akbar's  Dream. 

KAPIOLANI. 

A  great  chieftainess  who 
lived  in  the  Sandwich  islands 
at  the  beginning  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century.  She  won  the 
cause  of  Christianity  by  openly 
defying  the  priests  of  the 
terrible  goddess  Peele\  In  spite 
of  their  threats  of  vengeance 
she      ascended      the      volcano 


[KAT 

Mauna-Loa,  then  clambered 
down  over  a  bank  of  cinders 
400  feet  high  to  the  great 
lake  of  fire  (nine  miles  round) 
— Kilauea — the  home  and 
haunt  of  the  goddess,  and  flung 
into  the  boiling  lava  the  conse- 
crated berries  which  it  was 
sacrilege  for  a  woman  to  handle. 
Poet's  Note. 

Kapiolani. 
KARNAC. 

Hong-Kong,  Karnac,  and  all  the  rest. 

=The  temple  of  Karnac  in 
Egypt.  To  Ulysses. 

KATE. 

Friend  of  a  little  girl  Alice, 
who  is  to  be  '  Queen  of  the 
May.'  May  Queen. 

KATE. 

A  girl  who  according  to  the 
description  given  of  her  by  the 
poet  bears  a  very  strong  resem- 
blance to  Shakespeare's  Kate 
— the  Shrew.  She  is  described 
as  woman-soldier. 

My  woman-soldier,  gallant  Kate, 
As  pure  and  true  as  blades  of  steel. 

Her  lover  expresses  a  wish 
that  he  were  an  armed  and  far- 
famed  knight.  Then  he  thinks 
that  Kate  would  accept  his 
love  : 

Kate  loves  well  the  bold  and  fierce  ; 
But  none  are  bold  enough  for  Kate, 
She  cannot  find  a  fitting  mate. 

Kate. 
KATE. 

An  attendant  on  MaidMarian. 
The  Foresters. 
KATEKIN. 

Little  John.    I  have  lodged  my  pretty  Kate- 
kin  in  her  bower. 

The  Foresters. 


KAT] 


1 86 


[KIL 


KATIE  WILLOWS. 

Daughter  and  only  child  of 
Philip  Willows,  and  born  and 
bred  amid  country  surroundings. 

A  daughter  of  our  meadows,  yet  not  coarse, 
Straight,  but  as  lissome  as  a  hazel  wand  ; 
Her  eyes  a  bashful  azure,  and  her  hair 
In  gloss  and  hue  the  chestnut, 

She  was  betrothed  to  James 
Willows,  her  cousin,  with 
whom  she  quarrelled.  James 
was  supposed  to  be  jealous  of 
a  certain  Lawrence  Aylmer, 
who  afterwards  engaged  the 
attention  of  Katie's  father  in 
conversation  concerning  the 
farm,  so  that  she  and  James 
had  an  opportunity  of  making 
up  their  quarrel.  Lawrence 
related  how  at  the  conclusion 
of  his  conversation  with  Philip, 
he 

found  the  sun  of  sweet  content 
Re-risen  in  Katie's  eyes,  and  all  things  well. 

The  Brook. 
KATTY'S. 

The  name  of  the  proprietor 
of  a  grog-shop. 

Tomorrow. 
KAY. 

A  Knight  of  the  Round 
Table  ;  son  of  sir  Ector  and 
foster-brother  of  king  Arthur. 
He  was  a  rude  and  boastful 
knight,  and  delighted  in  giving 
nicknames.  He  called  sir 
Brewnor  the  '  Shocking  Bad 
Coat '  and  sir  Gareth  he  nick- 
named '  Beaumains '  on  account 
of  his  large  hands. 

Gareth  and  Lynette  ;    Last 
Tournament. 
KEMBLE. 

John  Mitchel  Kemble,  Anglo- 
Saxon  scholar  ;   son  of  Charles 


Kemble.  Editor  of  writings 
of  the  Anglo-Saxon  period,  his 
chief  works  being  Codex  Diplo- 
maticus  aevi  Saxonici  and  The 
Saxons  in  England.  Made  the 
acquaintance  of  Tennyson  whilst 
at  Cambridge  and  soon  after- 
wards the  poet  visited  him  in 
London. 

To  W.  C.  Macready. 

KENDAL  CHURCH. 

Have  I  not  met  you  somewhere  long  ago  ? 

I  am  all  but  sure  I  have — in  Kendal  church— 

O  yes ! 

Kendal  is  a  town  in  Westmor- 
land. 

Romney's  Remorse. 
KENT. 

Edwin  Morris;  A  Welcome  to 
Her  Royal  Highness  Marie 
Alexandrovna,  Duchess  of 
Edinburgh  ;  Queen  Mary  ; 
Becket. 

KESTREL. 

A  small  species  of  falcon 
allied  to  the  sparrow-hawk. 

Boddicea. 
KHAN. 

A  title  of  a  Tartar  sovereign 
or  prince. 

Columbus. 
KILAUEA. 

A  lake  of  fire  (nine  miles 
round)  in  the  island  of  Hawaii, 
the  home  of  the  goddess  Peele. 
It  was  into  this  lake  that 
Kapiolani,  the  chieftainess  of 
the  Sandwich  islands,  defied  the 
goddess  by  descending  and 
flinging  into  the  boiling  lava 
the  consecrated  berries  which 
it  was  sacrilege  for  a  woman 
to  handle.  Kapiolani. 


KIN] 


187 


[LAB 


KINGCUP. 

=The  common  buttercup. 
Queen  Mary  ;  A  Dirge  ; 
City  Child  ;  Last  Tourna- 
ment ;   Progress  of  Spring. 

KINGSTON. 

Wy*tt.    Be  happy,  I  am  your  friend. 
To  Kingston,  forward  ! 

=  Kingston-upon-Thames . 
Queen  Mary. 

KINGSTON  BRIDGE. 

we  must  round 
By  Kingston  Bridge. 

A  bridge  over  the  river  Thames. 
Queen  Mary. 
KITE. 

A  rapacious  bird  of  the  hawk 
kind. 

Boddicea  ;  Promise  of  May  ; 
Harold. 

KITTEN. 

A  young  cat. 

Merlin  and  Vivien. 

KNUT 

Or  Athelstan,  or  English  Ironside 
Who  fought  with  Knut,  or  Knut  who  coming 

Dane 
Died  English. 

King  of  Denmark,  Norway 
and  England.  After  succeed- 
ing his  father  as  king  of  Den- 
mark he  landed  in  England  and 
was  chosen  king  at  Southampton. 
Edmund  Ironside  who  had  been 
elected  king  in  10 16  on  the 
death  of  Edward  the  Confessor 
however  opposed  him  so  bravely 
that  an  agreement  was  entered 
into  at  Olney,  an  island  in  the 
Severn,  by  which  the  kingdom 
was  divided,  but  Edmund  being 
assassinated  a  few  weeks  after- 
wards Knut  obtained  the  whole 
of    the    kingdom.    A    famous 


story  is  told  of  him  that  seated 
in  a  chair  on  the  seashore  at 
Southampton  he  rebuked  his 
flattering  courtiers  by  showing 
to  them  how  regardless  the 
waves  were  of  his  kingly  power, 
and  bade  them  to  remember 
that  the  Great  Being  only  was 
the  One  whom  the  waters  and 
winds  obeyed.  In  1027  he 
made  a  pilgrimage  to  Rome  and 
founded  the  monasteries  of  St, 
Bennet  at  Holme,  and  St. 
Edmund's  Bury.  He  died  at 
Shaftesbury  and  was  buried  in 
Winchester  Cathedral.  Knuts- 
ford  ('  Canute's  ford  ')  a  town 
in  Cheshire  is  supposed  to  have 
derived  its  name  from  this 
king  (995-1035). 

Harold. 

KNYVETT.    See  Antony,  Antony 
Knyvett. 

KORAN. 

The  Mohammedan  bible. 

Akbais  Dream. 

KRAKEN. 

Far,  far  beneath  in  the  abysmal  sea, 
His  ancient,  dreamless,  uninvaded  sleep 
The  Kraken  sleepeth : 

A  fabulous  sea-monster,  sup- 
posed to  have  been  seen  in  the 
Norwegian  seas. 

The  Kraken. 

KYPRIS. 

Ay,  and  this  Kypris  also — 

= Venus. 

Lucretius. 

LABURNUM. 

A  small  tree  with  beautiful 
flowers,  a  native  of  the  Alps. 
In  Memoriam. 


LAC] 


188 


[LAD 


LACTANTIUS. 

Some  cited  Old  Lactantius  :  could  it  be 
That  trees  grew  downward,  rain  fell  upward, 

men 
Walk'd  like  the  fly  on  ceilings  ? 

A  Christian  apologist   in   the 
fourteenth  century. 

Columbus. 

LADY-FERN. 

A  pretty  British  fern. 

Balin  and  Balan. 

LADY  OF  SHALOTT. 

A  beautiful  lady  who  dwelt 
in  a  castle  on  the  island  of  Shalott. 

On  either  side  the  river  lie 
Long  fields  of  barley  and  of  rye, 
That  clothe  the  wold  and  meet  the  sky  ; 
And  thro'  the  field  the  road  runs  by 

To  many-tower'd  Camelot ; 
.  And  up  and  down  the  people  go, 
Gazing  where  the  lilies  blow 
Round  an  island  there  below, 

The  island  of  Shalott. 

In  this  castle  she  sat  and 
sang,  and  wove  a  web  of  beau- 
tiful silk  embroidery  in  many 
colours.  In  front  of  her  hung 
a  large  mirror,  through  the 
medium  of  which  she  viewed 
the  outside  world,  as  a  curse 
would  fall  upon  her  if  she 
looked  through  the  window. 

There  she  weaves  by  night  and  day 
A  magic  web  with  colours  gay. 
She  has  heard  a  whisper  say, 
A  curse  is  on  her  if  she  stay 

To  look  down  to  Camelot. 
She  knows  not  what  the  curse  may  be 
And  so  she  weaveth  steadily, 
And  little  other  care  hath  she, 

The  Lady  of  Shalott. 

One  night  a  bride  and  bride- 
groom passed  down  the  wind- 
ing road  to  Camelot,  and  as 
they  strolled  along  the  road 
in  the  moonlight,  and  she  saw 
the  happiness  that  shone  in 
their  eyes,  a  longing  sprang 
into  her  heart,  and  she  cried 
-out  in  a  passionate  voice  :  '  I 
am  half  sick  of  shadows.' 


Or  when  the  moon  was  overheard, 
Came  two  young  lovers  lately  wed  ; 
'  I  am  half  sick  of  shadows,'  said 
The  Lady  of  Shalott. 

Eventually  on  the  path  lead- 
ing to  Camelot  came  a  figure 
of  a  knight.  It  was  sir  Lance- 
lot, one  of  the  Knights  of  the 
Table  Round.  On  his  shield 
was  the  figure  of  a  red-cross 
knight  kneeling  to  a  fair  lady. 

A  bow-shot  from  her  bower-eaves, 
He  rode  between  the  barley-sheaves, 
The  sun  came  dazzling  thro'  the  leaves, 
And  flamed  upon  the  brazen  greaves 

Of  bold  Sir  Lancelot. 
A  red-cross  knight  for  ever  kneel'd 
To  a  lady  in  his  shield, 
That  sparkled  on  the  yellow  field, 

Beside  remote  Shalott. 

As  sir  Lancelot  approached 
the  magic  island,  singing  '  Tirra 
lirra,'  his  reflection  fell  on  the 
magic  mirror,  and  the  lady 
who  could  no  longer  resist 
the  temptation,  leaned  upon 
the  sill  of  the  window,  and 
looked  down  to  Camelot. 

Immediately  she  did  so,  she 
heard  a  fearful  crash,  and  look- 
ing behind  her  saw  the  magic 
mirror  was  cracked  from  side  to 
side.  '  Alas,  for  my  disobedi- 
ence ! '  she  exclaimed,  '  the 
mirror  is  broken.  The  web 
has  gone  !  The  curse  is  upon 
me !  Where  shall  I  go,  or 
what  shall  I  do  ?  ' 

She  left  the  web,  she  left  the  loom, 
She  made  three  paces  thro'  the  room, 
She  saw  the  water-lily  bloom, 
She  saw  the  helmet  and  the  plume, 

She  look'd  down  to  Camelot. 
Out  flew  the  web  and  floated  wide ; 
The  mirror  crack'd  from  side  to  side ; 
'  The  curse  is  come  upon  me,'  cried 

The  Lady  of  Shalott. 

Coming  to  herself  she  noticed 
how  differently  everything 
around  her  had  become,  and 
leaving  the  castle,  proceeded 
to  the  river  where  she  found  a 


LAD] 


189 


[LAM 


boat  beneath  the  willows,  on 
whose  prow  she  wrote  in  clear 
letters : — The  Lady  of  Shalott. 

Down  she  came  and  found  a  boat 
Beneath  a  willow  left  afloat, 
And  round  about  the  prow  she  wrote 
The  Lady  of  Shalott. 

Stepping  into  the  boat,  she 
gazed  for  a  moment  on  Came- 
lot,  and  knew  her  end  was  near. 

And  down  the  river's  dim  expanse 
Like  some  bold  seer  in  a  trance, 
Seeing  all  his  own  mischance — 
With  a  glassy  countenance 
Did  she  look  to  Camelot. 

Lying  down  in  the  boat  she 
crossed  her  hands  upon  her 
breast,  and  singing  a  beautiful 
song,  allowed  the  boat  to  drift 
down  the  stream  to  Camelot. 

And  at  the  closing  of  the  day 

She  loosed  the  chain,  and  down  she  lay  ; 

The  broad  stream  bore  her  far  away, 

The  Lady  of  Shalott. 
Lying,  robed  in  snowy  white 
That  loosely  flew  to  left  and  right — 
The  leaves  upon  her  falling  light — 
Thro*  the  noises  of  the  night 

She  floated  down  to  Camelot : 
And  as  the  boat-head  wound  along 
The  willowy  hills  and  fields  among, 
They  heard  her  singing  her  last  song, 

The  Lady  of  Shalott. 

As  the  boat  approached  the  city 
of  Camelot  no  song  was  heard, 
and  the  curiosity  of  the  people 
being  aroused  at  the  boat 
gliding  along  by  itself  they 
drew  it  ashore,  only  to  find  in 
it  the  dead  body  of  the  princess. 
As  sir  Lancelot  drew  near  and 
beheld  the  beautiful  form  of 
the  lady  he  exclaimed  : — *  How 
peaceful  and  lovely  a  face  ! 
God  grant  mercy  to  her  and  to 
us  too,  that  we  also  may  lead 
pure  and  noble  lives.' 

But  Lancelot  mused  a  little  space; 
He  said,  '  She  has   a  lovely  face  ; 
God  in  his  mercy  lend  her  grace, 
The  Lady  of  Shalott.' 

Lady  of  Shalott. 

LADY  OF  THE  LAKE. 

A  mysterious  personage      She 


gave  to  king  Arthur  the  sword 
Excalibur,  in  recompense  for 
which  she  asked  for  the  head 
of  Balin  {q.v.)  because  he  had 
slain  her  brother,  but  the  king 
refused  the  request.  '  Ye  would 
have  my  head,'  said  Balin,. 
'  therefore  ye  shall  lose  thine 
own,'  and  smote  off  her  head 
in  the  presence  of  king  Arthur. 
She  was  denoted  by  the  sacred 
fish  on  her  breast. 

Morte  d' Arthur  ;  Gareth 
and  Lynette  ;  Lancelot  and 
Elaine  ;  Passing  of  Arthur.. 

LAIS. 

Becket.    Where,  my  liege  ?    With  Phryne, 
Or  Lais,  or  thy  Rosamund,  or  another  ? 

Henry.    My  Rosamund  is  no  Lais , 
Thomas  Becket; 

The  name  of  two  Greek  cour- 
tesans of  extraordinary  beauty. 
One  is  said  to  have  been  born 
in  Corinth  and  flourished  during 
the  Peloponnesian  war.  The 
other  was  a  native  of  Sicily,  but 
went  to  Corinth  when  a  child 
and  is  said  to  have  been  stoned 
to  death  by  the  Thessalian 
women  out  of  jealousy. 

Becket. 

LAMB. 

=The  Saviour  of  the  WorkL 
St.  Agnes''  Eve  ;  Columbus. 

LAMBERT. 

and  there  was  Lambert 
Who  can  foresee  himself  ? 

John  Lambert ;  became  a 
convert  to  protestantism  ;  chap- 
lain to  the  English  factory  at 
Antwerp;  imprisoned  1532, but 
released  on  the  death  of  arch- 
bishop Wareham  in  the  same 
year ;     condemned    and    burnt 


LAM] 


190 


LLAN 


to  death  for  denying  the  doc- 
trine of  transubstantiation. 
Queen  Mary. 

LAMBETH. 
LAMBETH  PALACE. 

A  London  municipal  and  par- 
liamentary Borough.  The  Palace 
is  the  official  residence  of  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 

Oueen  Mary. 
LAMECH. 

An  old  song  vexes  my  ear ; 
But  that  of  Lamech  is  mine. 

See  Genesis  iv.  3j. 

Maud. 
LAMMAS. 

Nay — and  she  will  not  marry  till  Richard 

come, 
And  that's  at  latter  Lammas — never  perhaps. 

=  The  Greek  Kalends,  never. 
The  Foresters. 
LANCASTER. 

And  York's  white  rose  as  red  as  Lancaster's, 

=  Wars  of  the  Roses  between 
the  houses  of  York  and  Lan- 
caster. 

Aylmer's  Field. 
LANCELOT. 

The  son  of  king  Ban  and 
Helen,  and  the  father  of  sir 
Galahad,  the  chastest  of  the  150 
knights,  who  was  allotted  the 
'  Siege  Perilous.'  He  was 
stolen  in  infancy  by  Vivian,  the 
Lady  of  the  Lake,  who  threw 
him  into  the  water,  in  conse- 
quence of  which  he  was  called 
sir  Launcelot  du  Lake.  He  was 
the  bravest  of  all  the  knights 
and  was  honoured  by  king 
Arthur  more  than  all  the    rest 

Then  Arthur  charged  his  warrior  whom  he 

loved 
And   honour'd  most,   SirJ  Lancelot,   to  ride 

forth 
And£bring  the  Queen  ; — 


He  fell  in  love  with  Guine- 
vere (q.v.)t  who  ordered  him  to 
slay  the  knights  who  kept  the 
door,  but  sir  Modred  escaping 
informed  king  Arthur,  who 
condemned  Guinevere  on  ac- 
count of  her  unfaithfulness  to 
be  burnt,  but  when  at  the  stake 
she  was  rescued  by  Lancelot. 
In  consequence  of  this  guilty 
passion  for  the  queen  he  was 
commanded  to  avoid  the  court, 
and  as  king  Arthur  refused  to 
be  reconciled  to  him  he  left 
the  realm  and  retired  to  Ben- 
wick.  Going  one  day  to  joust 
at  Astolat  he  left  his  blazoned 
shield  in  charge  of  Elaine  {q.v.), 
the  fair  maid  of  Astolat.  Being 
wounded  in  the  encounter,  he 
was  carefully  nursed  by  Elaine. 
Upon  being  restored  to  health 
he  claimed  his  shield  and  bid 
the  damsel  good-bye,  where- 
upon she  confessed  her  love 
for  him ;  but  being  told  that 
his  love  was  another's,  pined 
away  and  died. 

When  the  news  of  the  '  last 
weird  battle  in  the  west,'  in 
which  king  Arthur  received  his 
mortal  wound,  reached  Lancelot, 
he  made  haste  to  see  his  noble 
master  to  seek  his  pardon  for 
the  injury  he  had  done  him. 
Upon  his  arrival  he  found  the 
king  had  passed  away,  and 
kneeling  down  on  the  earth 
wept  and  prayed  heartily  for 
his  soul.  Going  in  search  of 
Guinevere  he  found  the  queen 
in  a  nunnery  at  Almesburv 
{q.v),  and  after  taking  farewell 


LAN] 


191 


[LAR 


of  her    withdrew  into  solitude, 
and  for  six  years  led  a  life  of 
prayer  and  fasting.     In  a  vision 
he  was  told  that  Guinevere  was 
no    more,    and    hastening    to 
Almesbury  found  the  news  too 
true.     With  reverence  and  out 
of  love  and  gratitude  for  Arthur 
he  took  the  body  of  the  queen 
and  laid  it  by  the   side  of  king 
Arthur  in  Glastonbury  Abbey, 
after  which  he  again  withdrew 
to   his   lonely   cell ;    and  some 
weeks   later   the   spirit   of   this 
bold  warrior  passed  away  and 
he  was  buried  in  Joyous  Guard. 
Lady    of    Shalott ;     Gareth 
and    Lynette ;     Coming    of 
Arthur  ;   Marriage  of  Ger- 
aint ;    Balin    and    Balan ; 
Merlin  and  Vivien;  Lance- 
lot and  Elaine  ;  Holy  Grail ; 
Pelleas  and  Ettarre ;   Last 
Tournament ;  Guinevere. 

LANDBIRD. 

at  length 
The  landbird,  and  the  branch  with  berries 

on  it, 
The  carven  staff 

A  reference  of  the  nearness  of 
land  which  Columbus  sighted 
on  October  II,  1492. 

Columbus. 

LANE  (Miriam).  See  Miriam, 

Miriam  Lane. 

LAPIDOTH. 

there  on  the  roofs 
Like  that  great  dame  of  Lapidoth  she  sang. 

Has  reference  to  the  Hebrew 
prophetess  Deborah,  wife  of 
Lapidoth.  She  joined  Barak 
in  a  campaign  to  deliver  Israel 
from  the  tyranny  of  Jabin,  king 
of    Canaan,    and    utterly    de- 


feated the  Canaanites  under 
Sisera  near  the  brook  Kishon. 
After  the  victory  Deborah  and 
Barak  sang  a  song  of  triumph 
known  as  the  song  of  Deborah. 
See  Judges  iv.  and  v. 

The  Princess. 

LAPWING. 

A  bird  of  the  plover  family 
called  also  peewit. 

Locksley  Hall  ;   Queen  Mary. 

LAR  ANDLUCUMO. 

Appraised  the  Lycian  custom,  spoke  of  those 
That  lay  at  wine  with  Lar  and  Lucumo  ; 

Two  titles  of  honour  borne 
respectively  by  priests  and 
nobles  among  the  inhabitants 
of  Etruria,  an  ancient  country 
in  central  Italy. 

The  Princess. 

LARCH. 

A  genus  of  coniferous  trees, 
distinct  from  firs,  with  erect 
and  regularly  tapering  stem, 
and  small  branches. 

In  Memoriam  ;  Maud. 

LARIANO. 

Name  of  the  vessel  which 
conveyed  the  poet  and  his  wife 
while  spending  a  holiday  in 
Italy,  to  the  various  Italian 
ports. 

As  on  the  Lariano  crept 

To  that  fair  port  below  the  castle 
Of  Queen  Theodolind,  where  we  slept ; 


The  Daisy. 


LARI  MAXUME. 


The  rich  Virgilian  rustic  measure 
Of  Lari  Maxume,  all  the  way, 

=  '  O  great  Larius  '  i.e.  * 
great  Lake  of  Como.' 

The  Daisy. 


O 


LAR] 


192 


[LAU 


LARK. 

A  well-known  singing  bird 
of  the  genus   Alauda. 

Rosalind ;  Gardener's 

Daughter  ;  Audley  Court  ; 
Talking  Oak  ;  Day  Dream; 
Poet's  Song ;  The  Princess; 
The  Window ;  In  Me- 
moriam  ;  Gareth  and  Lyn- 
ette  ;  Lancelot  and  Elaine  ; 
Holy  Grail  ;  Lover's  Tale  ; 
First  Quarrel ;  Northern 
Cobbler  ;  Voyage  of  Mael- 
dune  ;  Ancient  Sage  ;  The 
Flight ;  Tomorrow ;  Pro- 
gress of  Spring ;  Queen 
Mary  ;  Harold  ;  The  Cup  ; 
The  Falcon ;  Promise  of 
May  ;  The  Foresters. 

LATANGOR. 

The  King  Brandagoras  of  Latangor, 
With  Anguisant  of  Erin,  Morganore, 
And  Lot  of  Orkney. 

Coming  of  Arthur. 

LATERAN. 

A  celebrated  church  in  Rome, 
so  called  from  its  occupying  the 
site  of  the  palace  of  the  Laterani 
family ;  and  which  was  until 
1308  the  residence  of  the  popes 
of  Rome.  No  fewer  than  five 
(Ecumenical  councils  have  met 
within  its  walls. 

Harold  ;  Becket. 

LATIMER. 

Bishop  of  Worcester,  son  of 
a  Leicestershire  yeoman.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  Reforma- 
tion was  an  earnest  advocate 
of  popery,  but  eventually  be- 
came a  convert  to  the  reformed 
faith.  Received  permission  to 
preach     throughout     England, 


and  his  fame  reaching  Henry 
VIII  he  was  commanded  to 
preach  before  that  monarch,, 
who  conferred  upon  him  the 
bishopric  of  Worcester  in  1535,. 
which  See  he  resigned  in  1539 
because  he  could  not  support 
the  Act  of  the  Six  Articles. 
Twice  under  Henry  VIII  he 
was  committed  to  the  Tower,, 
but  was  released  on  the  acces- 
sion of  Edward  VI,  who  would 
have  restored  him  to  his  diocese 
but  he  refused  ;  assisted  Cran- 
mer  in  framing  the  Homilies 
and  in  completing  the  work  of 
the  Reformation.  In  1555, 
upon  the  accession  of  Mary,  he 
was  again  committed  to  the 
Tower,  whence  he  was  with 
Cranmer  sent  to  Oxford  to 
defend  his  views  before  a  Com- 
mission, and  being  found  guilty 
of  heresy  was  condemned — 
and  with  bishop  Ridley  (g.v.) 
burnt  to  death  opposite  Balliol 
College,  Oxford,  1555.  After 
commending  his  soul  to  God 
he  turned  to  his  companion 
and  exclaimed,  '  Be  of  good 
cheer,  Master  Ridley,  and  play 
the  man ;  we  shall  this  day 
light  such  a  candle  in  England,, 
which  by  God's  grace  will  never 
be  put  out.' 

Queen  Mary. 

LAUDAMUS. 

And   then   the   great   '  Laudamus '   rose   to 
heaven. 

The  Te  Deum  Laudamus.  A 
hymn  which  forms  part  of  the 
morning  service  in  the  English 
Church.       The    authorship    is 


LAU] 


193 


[LAZ 


unknown,  though  tradition  as- 
cribes it  to  St.  Ambrose. 

Columbus. 

LAUNCELOT.    See    Lancelot. 

LAURENCE. 

Not  thrice  your  branching  limes  have  blown 
Since  I  beheld  young  Laurence  dead. 

A  former  lover  of  lady  Clara 
Vere  de  Vere,  whom  she  first 
loved,  and  afterwards  rejected. 
His  grief  at  her  conduct  pro- 
bably hastened  his  death. 

Lady  Clara  Vere  de  Vere. 

LAVAINE. 

A  Knight  of  the  Round  Table, 
brother  of  Elaine,  and  son  of 
sir  Bernard,  baron  of  Astolat. 
Displayed  great  bravery  in 
battle  on  behalf  of  King  Arthur  ; 
and  afterwards  departed  to 
Brittany  with  Lancelot  who 
created  him  earl  of  Arminak. 
Lancelot  and  Elaine. 

LAWRENCE.    See  St.  Lawrence. 
LAWRENCE. 

Voice    of   the   dead    whom    we   loved,    our 
Lawrence  the  best  of  the  brave  : 

Sir  Henry  Lawrence,  briga- 
dier-general, and  chief  com- 
missioner in  Oudh.  At  the 
outbreak  of  the  Indian  Mutiny 
he  was  appointed  in  command 
of  the  troops  in  Oudh,  and  was 
killed  while  holding  Lucknow 
against  the  mutineers.  His 
death  was  a  blow  to  the  little 
garrison,  but  they  held  out  until 
relieved  by  sir  Colin  Campbell. 
Defence  of  Lucknow. 

LAWRENCE  AYLMER. 

Lawrence  and  Edmund  Ayl- 


mer  were  brothers.  Edmund 
on  account  of  ill  health  left  for 
Italy  where  he  died.  The 
brothers  parted  by  a  certain 
brook  known  to  both  since  child- 
hood. Near  the  brook  Law- 
rence met  Katie  Willows,  a 
farmer's  only  child.  She  had 
quarrelled  with  her  lover  James 
Willows.  Lawrence  asked  who 
had  angered  James  and  found 
out  from  Katie's  manner  that 
he  himself  was  the  cause  of 
some  little  jealousy.  He  how- 
ever succeeded  in  putting  an 
end  to  the  quarrel,  by  engagii  g 
her  father  in  conversation,  while 
Katie  and  her  lover  met. 

The  Brook. 
LAZARUS. 

When  Lazarus  left  his  charnel-cave, 
And  home  to  Mary's  house  return'd, 
Was  this  demanded — if  he  yearn'd 

To  hear  her  weeping  by  his  grave  ? 

Has  reference  to  the  raising 
from  the  dead  of  Lazarus, 
brother  of  Martha  and  Mary. 
John  xi. 

In  Memoriam. 

LAZARUS. 

When  Dives  loathed  the  times,  and  paced 
his  land 

In  fear  of  worse, 
And  sanguine  Lazarus  felt  a  vacant     and 
Fill  with  his  purse. 

Has  reference  to  the  beggar 
in  the  parable  of  the  rich  man 
and  Lazarus.    Luke  xvi.  19-31. 
To  Mary  Boyle. 

LAZARUS  (Saint). 

By  St.  Lazarus,  no  ! 
I  am  confounded  by  thee.    Go  in  peace. 

Brother  of  Martha  and  Mary, 
and  reputed  first  bishop  of  Mar- 
seilles. 

Becket. 


LEA] 


194 


[LEN 


LEA  (Sir  Richard).  See  Richard, 
Richard  Lea,  Richard  of  the 
Lea. 

LEA    (Walter).     See    Walter, 

Walter  Lea. 

LEAR. 

A  legendary  British  king,  hero 
of  one  of  Shakespeare's  tragedies. 
In  his  old  age  he  divided  his 
kingdom  between  two  of  his 
elder  daughters,  on  condition 
that  each  should  alternately, 
month  by  month,  provide  him 
with  a  home.  They  however 
showed  him  very  scant  hospi- 
tality, whereupon  the  youngest 
daughter  Cordelia — who  had 
been  disinherited,  and  who 
had  married  the  king  of  France, 
raised  an  army  in  order  to  de- 
throne her  sisters,  but  was  de- 
feated and  put  in  prison  where 
she  died.  The  elder  sister 
then  murdered  her  younger 
sister  from  jealousy,  after  which 
she  committed  suicide  herself. 
Promise  of  May. 

LEBANON. 

O,  art  thou  sighing  for  Lebanon 

In  the  long  breeze  that  streams  to  thy  delicious 

East, 
Sighing  for  Lebanon, 

The  lofty  mountain-range  in 
the  southern  part  of  Syria. 

Maud. 

LEBANONIAN  CEDAR. 

'  Madam,  he  the  wisest'man 
Feasted  the  woman  wisest  then,  in^  halls 
Of  Lebanonian  cedar : 

A  mountain  range  in  Pales- 
tine. Originally  the  mountains 
were  covered  with  trees,  but 
are    now    almost    bare,    only    a 


few   of  the   famous   cedars   re- 
maining. 

The  Princess. 

LEE  (Annie).    See  Enoch,  Enoch 
Arden. 

LEGEND  OF  GOOD  WOMEN. 

I  read,  before  my  eyelids  dropt  their  shade, 
The  Legend  of  Good  Women,  long  ago 

Sung  by  the  morning  star  of  song,  who  made 
His  music  heard  below  ; 

A  poem  by  Chaucer,  con- 
sisting of  nine  legends  and  a 
prologue,  celebrating  the  faith- 
fulness of  the  brides  of  ancient 
song  :  Cleopatra,  Thisbe,  Dido, 
Hypsipyle  and  Medea,  Lucrece, 
Ariadne,  Philomela,  Phillis,  and 
Hypermnestra. 

Dream  of  Fair  Women. 

LEICESTER. 

The  Duke  hath  gone  to  Leicester  ;  Carew  stirs 
In  Devon  : 

The  capital  of  Leicestershire. 
Queen  Mary. 

LEICESTER  (Lord). 

Robert  de  Beaumont,  first 
earl  of  Leicester.  Was  present 
at  the  council  of  Northampton, 
1 1 64. 

Becket. 
LENNOX  (Lady). 

Courtenay.  —  made  you  follow 

The  Lady  Suffolk  and  the  Lady  Lennox  ? — 
You, 
The  heir  presumptive. 

Lady  Margaret  Douglas, 
niece  of  Henry  VIII,  who  in 
1544  married  Matthew  Stew- 
art, earl  of  Lennox ;  planned 
marriage  between  her  son  lord 
Darnley  and  Mary  queen  of 
Scots ;  imprisoned  for  treason- 
able intentions  by  Elizabeth  in 
1562  ;  released,  but  again  im- 
prisoned in  1565  ;    released  im- 


LEN] 


195 


LEO 


mediately  after  the  murder  of 
Darnley,  and  at  the  court  of 
Elizabeth  denounced  Mary 
queen  of  Scots  for  the  crime. 
Her  ambition  was  realized  in 
1567  by  the  accession  of  her 
grandson,  James  VI,  to  the 
throne  of  England.  She  died 
in  1578. 

Queen  Mary. 

LENT-LILY. 

=  the  daffodil,  as  flowering 
in  Lent. 

Gareth  and  Lynette  ;    Pro- 
gress of  Spring. 

LEODOGRAN. 

King  of  Cameliard,  and 
father  of  Guinevere.  King 
Arthur  rescued  him  from  king 
Rience  of  North  Wales.  Uther 
gave  him  the  famous  Round 
Table  which  would  seat  150 
knights,  and  when  king  Arthur 
married  Guinevere,  Leodogran 
gave  him  the  table  with  100 
knights  as  a  wedding  gift. 

Coming  of  Arthur. 

LEOFRIC. 

Abbot  Alfwig, 
Leofric,  and  all  the  monks  of  reterboro' 
Strike  for  the  king  ; 

A  nephew  of  earl  Leofric, 
and  abbot  of  Peterborough 
1053-66.  Was  present  at  the 
battle  of  Senlac. 

Harold. 

LEOFWIN. 

Son  of  earl  Godwin  ;  accom- 
panied his  father  in  exile  in 
105 1,  and  returned  with  him 
and  was  made  earl  of  the  present 
counties  of  Kent,  Surrey,  Essex 


and  Middlesex.  Accompanied 
his  brother  Harold  to  the  battle 
of  Stamford-bridge  in  1066, 
and  in  the  same  year  fought  at 
Senlac  where  he  was  slain. 
Harold. 

LEOLIN. 

A  barrister,  brother  of  Averill 
the  rector  of  the  parish  in  which 
Aylmer's  hall  was  situated ; 
he  was  in  love  with  Edith, 
daughter  and  heiress  of  sir 
Aylmer  and  lady  Aylmer  (q.v.). 
Aylmer's  Field. 

LEONARD. 

A  poet  who  was  spending  a 
holiday  in  Llanberis,  but  was 
sought  out  by  his  friends.  His 
morning  had  been  spent  in 
writing  lines  concerning  a  Gol- 
den Age  that  was  to  be  brought 
about  by  the  peaceful  growth 
of  commerce  binding  the  nations 
together.  He  said  that  in  the 
Golden  Year  wealth  will  be 
more  equally  distributed,  but 
men  will  not  all  be  reduced,  as 
in  socialistic  schemes,  to  one 
dead  level. 

Golden  Year. 

LEONARD. 

Son  of  Edith  and  of  the  boy 
lover  in  Locksley  Hall.  He 
was  drowned  at  sea  when  quite 
a  young  man.  The  speaker, 
talking  to  his  grandson,  says  : 

Gone  our  sailor  son  thy  father,  Leonard  early 

lost  at  sea  ; 
Thou  alone,  my  boy,  of  Amy's  kin  and  mine 

art  left  to  me. 

Locksley  Hall  Sixty  Tears 
After. 


LEO] 


196 


[LIL 


LEOPARD. 

A  rapacious  quadruped  of  the 
cat  tribe,  a  native  of  Southern 
Asia  and  Africa. 

The  Princess. 
LETTY. 
LETTY  HILL. 

Millionaire's  daughter,  who 
fell  in  love  with  a  visitor  to  the 
lake,  but  on  being  found  in  his 
company  was  forced  by  trustees 
and  aunts  and  uncles  to  forsake 
him  and  marry  Sir  Robert  (q.v.). 
Edwin  Morris. 
LEVERET. 

A  hare  in  its  first  year. 

Audley  Court. 
LEWES. 

Were  those  your  sires  who  fought  at  Lewes  ? 

Battle  of  Lewes,  1264,  be- 
tween Henry  III  and  the 
barons  under  Simon  de  Mont- 
fort. 

Third  of  February. 
LIBYAN. 

'  We  drank  the  Libyan  Sun  to  sleep,  and  lit 
Lamps  which  out-burn'd  Canopus.    O  my 

life 
In  Egypt ! 

A  district  in  north  Africa. 
Dream  of  Fair  Women. 
LIGHT  BRIGADE. 

Consisted  of  the  13th  Light 
Dragoons,  the  17th  Lancers,  the 
nth  Hussars,  the  4th  Light 
Dragoons,  and  the  8th  Hussars 
commanded  by  lord  Cardigan, 
who  made  the  famous  charge 
at  the  battle  of  Balaclava, 
October  25,  1854. 

Charge  of  the  Light  Brigade. 
LILAC. 

A  shrub  bearing  flowers  of  a 
delicate  purple  tint. 

On  a  Mourner  ;  The  Princess. 


LIMA. 

One  of  the  young  ladies 
engaged  at  the  college  founded 
by  princess  Ida,  and  supposed 
to  be  chaperoned  by  a  certain 
aunt  Elizabeth.  A  very  lively 
sort  of  person.  At  the  time  of 
speaking,  Lilia  with  others  was 
spending  a  day  at  the  house  of 
sir  Walter  Vivian,  and  during 
the  afternoon  aunt  Elizabeth 
was  slightly  offended  at  the 
frivolous  behaviour  of  Lilia  and 
a  certain  Walter. 

The  Princess. 

LILIAN. 

The  subject  of  a  short  poem 
written  in  praise  of  her.  She  is 
described  by  the  poet  as  resem- 
bling a  fairy  with  her  vivacious 
manner  : 


Airy,  fairy  Lilian, 
Flitting,  fairy  Lilian, 


Lilian. 


LILY. 

A  genus  of  plants  of  many 
species,  producing  flowers  of 
beauty  and  variety  of  colour. 
Supposed  Confessions  of  a 
Second-rate  Sensitive  Mind  ; 
Ode  to  Memory  ;  Adeline  ; 
Lady  of  Shalott  ;  (Enone  ; 
Gardener's  Daughter ;  Sir 
Galahad  ;  Lady  Clare  ;  To 
E.  L.  ;  The  Princess  ;  City 
Child ;  In  Memoriam ; 
Maud  ;  Geraint  and  Enid  ; 
Balin  and  Balan  ;  Lancelot 
and  Elaine ;  Voyage  of 
Maeldune  ;  Ancient  Sage  ; 
Queen  Mary ;  Harold ; 
Becket  ;  Promise  of  May  ; 
The  Foresters. 


LIL] 


197 


[LIT 


LILY  MAID  OF  ASTOLAT. 

Elaine  the  fair,  Elaine  the  loveable, 
Elaine,  the  lily  maid  of  Astolat, 
High  in  her  chamber  up  a  tower  to  the  east 
Guarded  the  sacred  shield  of  Lancelot ; 

=  Elaine  (q.v). 

Lancelot  and  Elaine. 

LIME. 

The  linden  tree. 

Margaret ;  Lady  Clare  de 
Vere ;  On  a  Mourner ; 
Gardener's  Daughter  ;  Talk- 
ing Oak  ;  The  Princess  ; 
In  Memoriam  ;  Maud  ;  To 
Ulysses. 

LIMOURS. 

=  Doorm  (q.v.). 

Marriage  of  Geraint ; 
Geraint   and  Enid. 

LINNET. 

A  singing  bird  of  the  finch 
family. 

Sir  Launcelot  and  Queen 
Guinevere  ;  The  Princess  ; 
Minnie  and  Winnie  ;  The 
Window  ;  In  Memoriam  ; 
Gareth  and  Lynette  ;  Guine- 
vere ;  Lover' s  Tale ;  Pro- 
gress of  Spring. 


LINT  WHITE. 

=  Linnet. 


Claribel. 


LION. 

A  fierce  quadruped  of  the 
genus  felis  found  in  southern 
Asia  and  in  many  parts  of  Africa. 
Lady  Clare  de  Vere  ;  Dream 
of  Fair  Women ;  Locksley 
Hall ;  Aylmer's  Field ; 
The  Princess  ;  The  Daisy  ; 
Maud  ;  Gareth  and  Lynette  ; 


Balin  and  Balan  ;  Lancelot 
and  Elaine  ;  Holy  Grail ; 
The  Revenge  ;  Tiresias  ; 
Locksley  Hall  Sixty  Years 
After  ;  St.  Telemachus  ;  The 
Foresters  ;  Queen  Mary  ; 
Harold;  Becket  ;  The  Cup. 

LIONEL.    See  Julian. 

LIONESS. 

A  female  lion. 

The  Princess  ;  Demeter  and 
Persephone  ;    The  Foresters. 

LISBON. 

The  capital  of  Portugal. 
Ode  on  the  death  of  the  Duke 
of  Wellington. 

LITTLECHESTER. 

Promise  of  May. 

LITTLE  JOHN. 

Robin  Hood's  lieutenant.  His 
name  is  supposed  to  have  been 
John  Little,  but  standing  over 
seven  feet  in  height,  his  com- 
panion Will  Stutely  in  merry 
mood  reversed  the  names. 

O,  here  is  my  hand,  the  stranger  reply'd, 
I'll  serve  you  with  all  my  whole  heart ; 

My  name  is  John  Little,  a  man  of  good  mettle  ; 

Ne're  doubt  me,  for  I'll  play  my  part. 

*  «  » 

He  was,  I  must  tell  you,  but  seven  foot  high, 
And,  may  be,  an  ell  in  the  waste ; 
»  •  • 

Brave  Stutely  came  then,  with  seven  yeomen, 

And  did  in  this  manner  proceed  : 
This  infant  was  called  John  Little,  quoth  he  ; 

Which  name  shall  be  changed  anon  : 
The  words  we'll  transpose ;  so  wherever  he 
goes, 
His  name  shall  be  call'd  Little  John. 
Ritson  :    Robin  Hood,  Vol.  II. 

He  lies  buried  in  the  church- 
yard of  Hathersage  in  Derby- 
shire, the  grave  being  over  seven 
feet  in  length.  His  '  goode 
stout   bowe  of  best  yew  tree  ' 


LIZ] 


198 


[LON 


is    preserved    at    Cannon    hall, 
near  Barnsley. 

The  Foresters. 
LIZARD. 

A    family    of    four-footed 
reptiles. 

CEnone  ;    Enoch  Arden. 

LIZARD-POINT. 

May  never  saw  dismember  thee, 

Nor  wielded  axe  disjoint, 
Thou  art  the  fairest- spoken  tree 

From  here  to  Lizard-point. 

Headland  on  the  south  coast 
of  Cornwall. 

Talking  Oak. 
LLANBERIS. 

we  that  day  had  been 
Up  Snowdon  ;  and  I  wish'd  for  Leonard  there, 
And  found  him  in  Llanberis  : 

A  small  town  at  the  foot  of 
mount  Snowdon. 

Golden  Tear. 
LLANBERRIS. 

Yet  once  when  first 
I  came  on  Lake  Llanberris  in  the  dark, 
A  moonless  night  with  storm — 

Sisters  {Evelyn  and  Edith). 

LOCKSLEY. 

Locksley  Hall  Sixty    Tears 
After. 
LOCKSLEY  HALL. 

An  imaginary  place. 

Locksley     Hall ;     Locksley 
Hall  Sixty   Tears  After. 

LOCKSLEY  SHIELD. 

Locksley  Hall  Sixty   Tears 
After. 
LOCKSLEY  TOWER. 

Locksley  Hall  Sixty   Tears 
After. 
LODI. 

A  town  in  Lombardy,  famous 
for  the  victory  of  Buonaparte 
over  the  Austrians,  1796. 

The  Daisy. 


LOMBARDY. 

Queen  Mary. 
LONDON  (City  of). 

Edwin  Morris ;  Locksley 
Hall ;  Ode  on  the  death  of 
the  Duke  of  Wellington ; 
Boddicea  ;  Maud ;  To  the 
Queen,  II ;  Locksley  Hall 
Sixty  Tears  After ;  The 
Dawn ;  Queen  Mary  ; 
Harold  ;  Becket  ;  Promise 
of  May ;  The  Foresters  g 
To  E.  Fitzgerald. 

LONDON  (Bishop  of). 

Becket. 
LONDON  BRIDGE. 

The  first  bridge  is  said  to 
have  been  built  by  the  Romans. 
In  1008  it  was  broken  down 
in  the  fighting  which  took  place 
between  Ethelred  and  the 
Danes  who  had  gained  posses- 
sion of  the  city  of  London. 
This  incident  is  the  subject  of 
a  Scandinavian  poem 

London  Bridge  is  broken  down — 
Gold  is  won  and  bright  renown. 

Shields  resounding, 

War-horns  sounding, 
Hildur  shouting  in  the  din ! 

Arrows  singing, 

Mail-coats  ringing — 
Odin  makes  our  Olaf  win  ! ' 

Under  William  Rufus  the 
bridge  was  repaired,  but  during 
the  Kentish  rising  in  1471  it 
was  attacked  by  the  Kentish 
men  under  the  leadership  of 
Thomas  Fauconberg.  During 
the  last  700  years  it  has  been 
destroyed  and  rebuilt  on  several 
occasions ;  the  present  struc- 
ture dating  from  1831. 

There  is  an  old  song  entitled 
London   Bridge,  the   authorship 


LOT] 


199 


[LOU 


of  which  is  unknown.  Several 
versions  of  this  song  are  given. 
Rodwell's  version  in  his  Old 
London  Bridge  commences  : — 

London  Bridge  is  broken  down ; 

Dance  o'er,  Lady  Lea. 
London  Bridge  is  broken  down 

With  a  gay  La-dee. 

while  John  o'  London's  trans- 
lation in  his  London  Stories  is  : 

London  Bridge  is  broken  down ; 

Dance  over,  my  Lady  Lee. 
London  Bridge  is  broken  down 

With  a  gay  Ladye. 

A  later  version  is  as  follows  : — 

London  Bridge  is  broken  down  ; 

Dance  over  my  Lady  Lee. 
Old  King  Lud  he  built  it  first, 
Built  it  firm  of  posts  and  planks ; 
Julius  Caesar  built  it  next ; 
Caesar  marched  through  London  Town, 
When  Duke  Brutus  killed  him  dead. 
Good  St.  Olave  dinged  it  down  ; 
So  he  saved  us  from  the  foe ; 
So  we  built  his  holy  shrine. 
Norman  William  built  it  up, 
Built  it  strong  of  wood  and  iron ; 
He  was  crowned  in  London  Town. 
London  Bridge  is  broken  down ; 
Who  will  build  it  up  again  ? 
We  must  build  it  up  again. 
How  shall  we  build  it  up  again  ? 

Queen  Mary. 

LOT. 

King  of  Orkney,  married 
Bellicent,  daughter  of  Gorlois, 
lord  of  Tintagel  Castle,  Corn- 
wall. Father  of  sir  Gawain 
and  sir  Modred.  Made  war 
on  king  Arthur  on  several 
occasions,  notably  that  of  the 
great  battle  of  the  kings. 
Allied  himself  with  Nero, 
brother  of  King  Rience  of 
North  Wales  against  Arthur 
and  in  the  battle  which  ensued 
was  slain  by  Pellinore.  In 
Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  he  is 
called  king  of  Norway. 

Coming  of  Arthur  ;  Gareth 
and  Lynette  ;  Balin  and 
Balan  ;  Lancelot  and 
Elaine. 


LOTOS— LOTUS 

A  low  thorny  shrub,  a  native 
of  Northern  Africa,  fabled  by 
the  ancients  to  make  strangers 
who  ate  of  it  to  forget  their 
native  country,  or  lose  all  desire 
to  return  to  it. 

(Enone  ;     Lotos-Eaters  ; 
Akbar's  Dream. 

LOTOS-EATERS. 

And  round  about  the  keel  with  faces  pale, 
Dark  faces  pale  against  that  rosy  flame, 
The  mild-eyed  melancholy  Lotos-eaters  came. 

A  race  of  people  who  lived 
in  Cyrenaica,  a  district  on  the 
north  and  north-east  coast  of 
Africa  (Tripoli  and  Tunis), 
who  lived  on  the  fruit  of  the 
lotos  tree. 

Lotos-Eaters. 
LOTOS-LAND. 

In  the  hollow  Lotos-land  to  live  and  lie  re- 
clined 

On  the  hills  like  Gods  together,  careless  of 
mankind. 

The  north  and  north-east 
coast  of  Africa. 

Lotos-Eaters. 
LOT'S  WIFE. 

see  how  you  stand 


Stiff  as  Lot's  wife, 


See  Genesis  xix.  26. 

The  Princess. 


LOTUS.     See  Lotos. 

LOUIS. 

LOUIS  OF  FRANCE. 

Son  of  Louis  VI,  whom  he 
succeeded  in  1 1 37.  Engaged  in 
a  crusade  but  was  defeated  by 
Saladin.  Having  divorced  his 
wife  Eleanor,  she  married  Henry 
II  of  England  by  which  the 
provinces  of  Poitou  and  Guienne 
were  annexed  to  the  English 
crown.  This  produced  war 
between   England   and   France 


LOV] 


200 


[LUD 


which  lasted   twenty-one   years 
(11 20-1 1 80). 

Becket. 


LOVER'S  BAY. 


LOVER'S  LEAP. 


Lover's   'Tale. 


Lover's  Tale. 


LUC1LIA.     See  Lucretius. 

LUCIUS  JUNIUS  BRUTUS. 

Son  of  Junius  and  Tarquinia, 
sister  of  Superbus.  When  Tar- 
quin  put  his  brother  to  death 
Brutus  pretended  to  be  an 
idiot,  hence  his  name,  meaning 
'  stupid.'  When  the  public 
indignation  was  aroused  on 
account  of  the  foul  outrage  on 
Lucretia  by  Tarquin's  son,  he 
raised  a  revolt  and  expelled 
the  tyrant  from  Rome.  In  509 
he  became  the  first  consul  of 
Rome  and  sentenced  to  death 
his  two  sons  found  guilty  of 
conspiring  to  restore  the  mon- 
archy and  in  the  same  year 
was  killed  in  an  attack  led  on 
by  Aruns,  son  of  Tarquin. 
The  Princess. 
LUCKNOW. 

City  in  British  India,  and 
capital  of  the  district  of  Luck- 
now  and  of  the  old  province 
of  Oudh.  During  the  Indian 
Mutiny  it  underwent  a  siege 
of  six  months  at  the  hands  of 
the  mutineers.  It  was  relieved 
by  sir  Colin  Campbell. 

Defence  of  Lucknow. 

LUCRETIUS. 

Lucilia,  wedded  to  Lucretius,  found 
Her  master  cold  ; 


The  poem  portrays  the  rav- 
ings of  the  maddened  Lucre- 
tius. His  wife,  Lucilia,  not 
being  satisfied  with  her  hus- 
band's conduct  towards  her, 
mixed  a  love-philtre  and  min- 
gled it  with  his  drink.  At  one 
moment  he  cursed,  and  the 
next  revelled  in,  the  animal 
passion. 

— how  the  sun  delights 
To  glance  and  shift  about  her  slippery  sides, 
And  rosy  knees  and  supple  roundetlness, 
And  budded  bosom-peaks — 

He  raved  against  love  and  the 
gods,  and  lashing  himself  into  a 
frenzy  committed  suicide. 

Lucretius. 

LUCULLUS. 

that  Lucullus  or  Apicus  might  have  sniffed 
it  in  their  Hades  of  heathenism, 

A  Roman  general  and  epicure, 
who  distinguished  himself  in 
the  war  against  Mithridates, 
and  who  was  celebrated  for 
the  luxurious  life  he  lived  at 
Rome.  For  placing  before  him 
one  day  a  less  sumptuous  feast 
than  usual  he  reprimanded  his 
servant,  remarking  : 

'  Are  you  aware,  sirrah,  that  Lucullus  dines 
with  Lucullus  to-day  ?  ' 

Becket. 
LUCUMO.     See  Lar. 

LUCY. 

Daughter  of  the  village  squire. 
She  was  supposed  to  have  an 
ungainly  deportment. 

An'  Lucy  wur  laame  o'  one  leg,  sweet- 'arts 

she  niver  'ed  none — 
Straange  an'  unheppen  Miss  Lucy  !  we  naamed 

her  '  Dot  an'  gaw  one  !  ' 

Village  Wife. 

LUDGATE. 

A  famous  London  gateway 
supposed  to  have  been  built   by 


LUN] 


201 


[LYN 


Lud,  king  of  the  Britons,  who 
lies  buried  beneath  the  gate. 
Queen  Mary. 

LUNNON  (London). 

Northern  Farmer,  Old  Style  ; 
Promise  of  May. 

LURE. 

Yet  while  they  rode  together  down  the  plain, 
Their  talk  was  all  of  training,  terms  of  art, 
Diet  and  seeling,  jesses,  leash  and  lure. 

A  decoy,  used  in  falconry  for 
training  the  hawk. 

Merlin  and  Vivien. 

LUSCOMBE. 

A  farm  labourer. 

Promise  of  May. 

LUSITANIAN. 

But  such  whose  father-grape  grew  fat 
On  Lusitanian  summers. 

as  Lusitania,  the  ancient 
name  for  Portugal. 

Will    Water-proofs    Lyrical 
Monologue. 

LUTHER. 

The  ghosts  of  Luther  and  Zuinglius  fade 
Into  the  deathless  hell  which  is  their  doom 
Before  my  star  ! 

Has  reference  to  Martin  Lu- 
ther, the  protestant  reformer. 

To  J.  M.  K.  ;  Queen  Mary. 
XUTTERWORTH. 

Not  least  art  thou,  thou  little  Bethlehem 
In  Judah,  for  in  thee  the  Lord  was  born  ; 
Nor  thou  in  Britain,  little  Lutterworth, 
Least,  for  in  thee  the  word  was  born  again. 

A  town  in  Leicestershire,  the 
church  of  which  John  Wycliffe 
was  Rector  from  1374  tn^  ms 
death  in  1384.  He  was  buried 
there,  but  in  1428  his  remains 
were  exhumed  and  burned,  and 
the  ashes  cast  into  the  river 
Swift  that  flows  through  Lutter- 
worth on  its  course  to  the  Avon. 


'  the  little  river  conveyed  Wyclifl's  remains 
into  the  Avon,  Avon  into  the  Severn,  Severn 
into  the  narrow  seas,  they  to  the  main  ocean. 
And  thus  the  ashes  of  Wyclifi  e  are  the  emblem 
of  his  doctrine,  which  now  is  dispersed  all  the 
world  over.' 

Thomas  Fuller. 

Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cob  ham. 

LYCIAN  CUSTOM. 

Appraised  the  Lycian  custom,  spoke  o  those 
That  lay  at  wine  with  Lar  and  Lucumo : 

The  '  custom '  referred  to 
here  is  that  the  Lycians,  in- 
habitants of  the  country  of 
Lycia  in  Asia  Minor  took  their 
names  from  their  mothers  and 
not  their  fathers,  and  always 
reckoned  their  ancestry  in  the 
female  line. 

The  Princess. 

LYDIAN  CARPETS. 

Lay  down  the  Lydian  carpets  for  the  king. 

Lydia  was  a  country  of  Asia 
Minor  and  as  early  as  700  B.C. 
was  a  powerful  empire  and  a 
centre  of  religion  and  culture. 
It  was  noted  for  its  music,  its 
purple  dyes,  and  the  weaving  of 
carpets  in  colours  and  patterns. 
The  Cup. 

LYDIAN  LAUGHTER. 

as  we  wander'd  to  and 'fro 
Gazing  at  the  Lydian  laughter  of  the  Garda 

Lake  below 
Sweet  Catullus's  all-but-island, 

=  Soft,  melodious,  as  the 
ancient  Greek  mode  of  music 
known  as  Lydian. 

Frater  Ave  Atque  Vale. 

LYNETTE. 

Sister  to  the  lady  Lyonors. 
She  was  a  high-spirited  girl  and 
exceedingly  proud,  a  fact  of 
which  she  was  reminded  by  the 
peacock  in  his  pride  that  ladies 


LYN] 


202 


[MAD 


should  be  of  a  loving  and  gentle 
disposition. 

And  there  they  placed  a  peacock  in  his  pride 
Beside  the  damsel,  and  the  Baron  set 
Gareth  beside  her,  but  at  once  she  rose. 

Lynette  went  to  king  Arthur 
to  ask  for  a  knight  to  deliver 
her  sister  Lyonors  (q.v.)  from 
the  tyranny  of  four  knights  who 
held  her  prisoner  in  Castle 
Perilous. 

Gareth  and  Lynette. 

LYNX. 

An  animal  resembling  the 
common  cat ;  with  a  short  tail 
and  ears  tipped  with  pencils 
of  hair. 

Becket. 

LYONESSE— LYONNESSE. 

Considered  to  have  been  a 
country  uniting  the  Scilly 
islands  with  western  Cornwall, 
and  now  covered  by  the  sea. 
The  '  last  weird  battle  in  the 
west '  between  king  Arthur  and 
sir  Modred  is  supposed  to 
have  been  fought  here. 

Then  rose  the  King  and  moved  his  host  by 

night, 
And  ever  push'd  Sir  Modred,  league  by  league, 
Back  to  the  sunset  bound  of  Lyonnesse — 
A  land  of  old  upheaven  from  the  abyss 
By  fire,  to  sink  into  the  abyss  again ; 
Where  fragments  of  forgotten  peoples  dwelt, 
And  the  long  mountains  ended  in  a  coast 
Of  ever-shifting  sand,  and  far  away 
The  phantom  circle  of  a  moaning  sea. 

Morte  d' 'Arthur  ;  Lancelot 
and,  Elaine ;  Last  tourna- 
ment ;  Merlin  and  Vivien  ; 
Guinevere ;  Passing  of 
Arthur. 

LYONORS. 

The  lady  of  Castle  Perilous, 
where  she  was  held  captive  by 
four  knights.  Her  sister,  the 
lady     Lynette,    went    to     king 


Arthur  to  ask  for  a  knight  to 
deliver  her  from  the  tyrants. 
The  king  gave  the  quest  to  sir 
Gareth  (q>v.)  who  overcame 
the  knights  and  liberated  the 
lady,  whom  according  to  Malory 
he  married.  Tennyson  however 
makes  Gareth  marry  Lynette. 

And  he  that  told  the  tale  in  older  times 
Says  that  Sir  Gareth  wedded  Lyonors, 
But  he,  that  told  it  later,  says  Lynette. 

Gareth  and  Lynette. 

MACAW. 

A  tropical  bird  of  the  parrot 
tribe,  with  long  tail  and  a 
hooked  jaw. 

Day -Dream. 

MAGHREE. 

An'  shure  thin  ye'll  meet  me  tomorra  ?  ' 
'  Tomorra,  tomorra,  Machree  ! ' 

Tomorrow. 
MACREADY. 

A  famous  tragedian ;  was 
manager  of  Covent  Garden, 
and  afterwards  of  Drury  Lane 
Theatres.  He  was  a  friend 
of  Tennyson,  and  on  his  retire- 
ment from  the  stage  the  poet 
addressed  the  following  sonnet 
to  him  : 

Farewell,  Macready,  since  to-night  we  part 

Full-handed  thunders  often  have  confessed 

Thy  power,  well  used  to  move  the  public 

breast. 

We  thank  thee  with  our  voice  and  from  the 

heart. 
Farewell,  Macready,  since  this  night  we  part. 
Go,  take  thine  honours  home  ;  rank  with 

the  best, 
Garrick  and  statelier  Kemble,  and  the  restr 
Who  made  a  nation  purer  thro'  their  art. 
Thine  is  it  that  our  drama  did  not  die, 

Nor  flicker  down  to  brainless  pantomime, 
And  those  gilt  gauds  men-children  swarm  to 
see. 
Farewell,  Macready  ;  moral,  grave,  sublime  ; 
Our  Shakespeare's  bland  and  universal  eye 
Dwells  pleased,  thro'  twice  a  hundred  years,  on 
thee. 

To  W.  C.  Macready. 

MADELINE. 

Described   by  the  poet  as   a 


MAE] 


203 


[MAT 


person  of  an  ever-changing 
mood.  He  speaks  of  her  as 
1  Ever-varying  Madeline,'  and 
remarks  that  her  smiles  and 
frowns  seem  to  be  part  of  each 
other. 

Thy  smile  and  frown  are  not  aloof 

From  one  another, 
Each  to  each  is  dearest  brother  ; 

Madeline. 
MAELDUNE. 

The  hero  of  an  Irish  legend 
a.d.  700.  He  was  the  son  of 
Owenacht  of  Aran,  but  before 
his  birth  his  father  was  killed 
by  a  band  of  robbers.  When 
he  had  grown  to  manhood  he 
determined  to  seek  out  his 
father's  murderers,  and  with 
a  crew  of  some  fifty  men  set 
out  on  his  voyage.  The  vessel 
was  blown  away  from  the  coast 
of  Ireland,  probably  amongst 
the  Hebrides,  and  they  visited 
islands, — described  by  the  poet 
as  the  Isle  of  a  Saint,  the 
Bounteous  Isle,  Isle  of  Fire, 
Isle  of  Flowers,  Isle  of  Fruits, 
Isle  of  Shouting,  Isle  of  the 
Double  Towers,  the  Isle  of 
Witches,  and  the  Silent  Isle — 
which  abounded  with  mon- 
strous animals,  fruits,  shouting 
birds,  and  biting  horses  of 
gigantic  size,  lakes  of  fire  and 
of  witches.  Eventually  they 
came  to  a  bare  rock  upon  which 
was  a  fortress  where  lived  his 
father's  murderers,  but  instead 
of  slaying  them,  he  forgave 
them  in  thankfulness  to  God 
for  having  delivered  him  from 
so  many  perils. 

Voyage  of  Maeldune. 


MAGDALEN. 

A  character  in   Queen  Mary. 
Queen  Mary. 

MAGDALEN  (Saint  Mary). 

Becket. 

MAGEE  (Molly).   See  Dan,  Danny 
O'Roon. 

MAGPIE. 

A  bird  of  the  genus  Pica,. 
allied  to  the  jay. 

To  Rev.  F.  D.  Maurice. 

MAHOMET. 

till  warming  with  her  theme 
She  fulmined  out  her  scorn  of  laws  Salique 
And  little-footed  China,  touch'd  on  Mahomet 
With  much  contempt,  and  came  to  chivalry  : 

Probably  refers  to  the  system 
of  Islam,  which  permits  poly- 
gamy, or  to  the  general  idea 
that  Mahomet  considered  that 
women  have  no  souls. 

The  Princess. 

MAHOUND. 

The  corrupt  form  of  the  name 
Mahomet  used  by  old  writers. 
Becket ;    The  Foresters. 

MAID  MARIAN. 

Supposed  to  have  been  the 
daughter  of  sir  Richard  Lea, 
who  assumed  the  name  of  Maid 
Marian  while  Robin  Hood  re- 
mained in  a  state  of  outlawry. 
She  is  frequently  mentioned 
as  the  paramour  of  Robin 
Hood.  She  was  supposed  to 
have  been  poisoned  at  Dunmow 
Priory  by  order  of  king  John, 
because  she  rejected  him. 

Queen  Mary  ;  The  Foresters. 

MAID  OF  ASTOLAT. 

Elaine  the  fair,  Elaine  the  loveable, 
Elaine,  thejily  maid  of  Astolat, 


MAI] 


204 


MAR 


High  in  her  chamber  up  a  tower  to  the  east 
Guarded  the  sacred  shield  of  Lancelot ; 

See  Elaine. 

Lancelot  and  Elaine. 

MAIDSTONE. 

The    county   town  of    Kent, 
situated  on  the  river  Medway. 
Queen  Mary. 

MAIDSTONE  MARKET. 

Queen  Mary. 

MALET. 

William  Malet  of  Graville 
in  Normandy  and  a  companion 
of  the  Conqueror.  Was  sheriff 
of  York  till  1068,  taken  prisoner 
at  the  capture  of  York  in  1069, 
but  subsequently  released. 

Harold. 

MALLEOR. 

or  him 
Of  Geoffrey's  book,  or  him  of  Malleor's, 

=  Sir  Thomas  Malory,  author 
of  Morte  dy  Arthur. 

To  the  Queeny  II. 

MALLOW. 

A  plant  which  grows  on 
marshy  or  moist  soils. 

The  Brook. 

MALVOISIE. 

=  Malmsey,  a  sweet  wine 
from  Crete,  Canary  Islands, 
and  the  Azores. 

The  Foresters. 

JKAMMON. 

He  believed 
This     filthy     marriage-hindering     Mammon 

made 
The  harlot  of  the  cities : 

Has  reference  to  the  Syrian 
god  of  wealth,  and  wishes  to  con- 
vey that  persons  prevented  from 
marrying  on  account  of  material 


wealth    are    apt    to    fall     into 
dissipation. 

Aylmer's  Field. 

MAMMONITE  MOTHER. 

When  a  Mammonite  mother  kills  her  babe 
for  a  burial  fee, 

The  mother  subscribes  to 
an  Insurance  Society  and  then 
murders  her  child  in  order  to 
get  its  funeral  expenses. 

Maud. 

MANCHESTER. 

Tho'  niggard  throats  of  Manchester  may  bawl 
What  England  was,  shall  her  true  sons  forget  ? 

Has  reference  to  the  '  School 
of  Manchester  '  who  protested 
against  the  Crimean  war. 

Third  of  February. 

MANSFIELD. 

A  town  in  Nottinghamshire. 
The  Foresters. 

MANTOVANO. 

I  salute  thee,  Mantovano,  I  that  loved  thee 

since  my  day  began, 
Wielder  of  the  stateliest  measure  ever  moulded 

by  the  lips  of  man. 

Has  reference  to  Virgil,  the 
Latin  poet,  who  was  born  near 
Mantua. 

To  Virgil. 

MAP.    See  Walter  Map. 

MARAH. 

Becket.    Breaking  already  from  thy  novi- 
ciate 
To  plunge  into  this  bitter  world  again — 
These  wells  of  Marah. 

See  Exodus  xv.  23. 

Becket. 

MARGARET. 

Represented  by  the  poet  as  a 
pale,  delicate  and  pensive  girl, 
and  also  appears  at  times  to  be 
given  to  melancholy.  He  com- 
pares her  to  the  calm  sea,  and 


MAR] 


205 


[MAR 


also  speaks  of  her  as  the  evening 
star. 

alway 
Remaining   betwixt   dark  and  bright : 

Margaret. 
MARGARET. 

Friend  of  a  little  girl  Alice,  who 
is  to  be  '  Queen  of  the  May.' 
May  Queen. 
MARGARET. 

The  three  year  old  daughter 
of  a  city  clerk,  gently  born  and 
bred,  who  with  his  wife  and 
child  was  spending  a  holiday 
at  the  sea-side.  The  mother 
rocked  Margaret's  cradle,  sing- 
ing her  to  sleep  with  the  well- 
known  slumber  song  : 

'  What  does  little  birdie  say.' 

Sea  Dreams. 
MARGERY. 

Daughter  of  a  poor  woman, 
who  received  permission  from 
the  priest,  Father  Philip,  to 
send  her  daughter  into  the 
world  to  earn  her  own  living 
as  a  bower-maid.  Margery  re- 
lated '  he  asked  our  mother  if 
I  could  keep  a  quiet  tongue  i' 
my  head,  and  not  speak  till  I 
was  spoke  to.'  Fulfilling  these 
conditions  she  was  to  be  ad- 
vanced into  the  service  of  a 
great  lady,  namely  Rosamund 
de  Clifford,  paramour  of  Henry 
the  Second.  It  was  Margery, 
however,  who  first  disclosed  to 
Rosamund  the  secret  fact  of 
Henry's  marriage  to  Eleanor 
of  Aquitaine.  The  news  caused 
great  grief  to  Rosamund.  Mar- 
gery left  the  bower,  singing  : 

Bee  mustn't  buzz, 
Whoop — but  he  knows. 

Becket. 


MARIA. 

Pole.    Ave  Maria,  gratia  plena,  Benedict*' 
tu  in  mulieribus. 

=  Virgin  Mary. 

Queen  Mary. 

MARIAM  (ISSA  BEN).     See  Issa 
Ben  Mariam. 

MARIAN.    See  Maid  Marian. 

MARIAN. 

The  dead  wife  of  a  friend  in 
the  poem.  He  induced  him  to 
leave  London,  and  come  to 
spend  a  few  days  with  him 
at  his  country  home. 

Is  memory  with  your  Marian  gone  to  rest, 
Dead  with  the  dead  ? 

The  writer  thought  that  a 
change  of  scenery  would  be  some 
consolation  to  him  in  his  grief 
for  his  wife  Marian. 

To  Mary  Boyle. 

MARIE. 

MARIE  ALEXANDROVNA. 

Only  daughter  of  Alexander 
II,  czar  of  Russia,  married  to 
the  duke  of  Edinburgh,  second 
son  of  the  late  queen  Victoria,, 
at  St.  Petersburg,  January  23, 
1874. 

A  Welcome  to  Her  Royal 
Highness  Marie  Alexandrov- 
na,  Duchess  of  Edinburgh. 

MARK. 

of  Tintagel  Castle,  king  of  Corn- 
wall. He  was  a  man  of  vice  and 
treachery,  and  was  hated  by  all 
the  Knights  of  the  Round 
Table.  He  sent  an  envoy  to 
king  Arthur  bearing  a  costly 
cloth  of  gold  as  a  gift  to  the 
king,  with  a  request  that  Arthur' 


MAR] 


206 


[MAR 


would  knight  him,  as  he  had 
knighted  Tristram,  but  the 
king  rejected  with  scorn  both 
the  gift  and  the  request. 

Then  came  in  hall  the  messenger  of  Mark, 
A  name  of  evil  savour  in  the  land, 
The  Cornish  king.    In  either  hand  he  bore 
What  dazzled  all,  and  alone  far-off  as  shines 
A  field  of  charlock  in  the  sudden  sun 
Between  two  showers,  a  cloth  of  palest  gold, 
Which  down  he  laid  before  the  throne,  and 

knelt. 
Delivering,  that  his  lord,  the  vassal  king, 
Was  ev'n  upon  his  way  to  Camelot ; 
For  having  heard  that  Arthur  of  his  grace 
Had  made  his  goodly  cousin,  Tristram,  knight, 
And,  he  himself  was  of  the  greater  state, 
Being  a  king,  he  trusted  his  liege-lord 
Would  yield  him  this  large  honour  all  the 

more  ; 
So  pray'd  him  well  to  accept  this  cloth  of  gold, 
In  token  of  true  heart  and  fealty. 

Then  Arthur  cried  to  rend  the  cloth,  to  rend 
In  pieces,  and  so  cast  it  on  the  hearth. 

Being  jealous  of  the  popu- 
larity of  his  brother  Boudwin 
he  murdered  him.  He  married 
Isolt,  daughter  of  king  Anguish 
of  Ireland.  He  plotted  against 
his  nephew  Tristram  (q.v .),  who 
had  married  Isolt,  daughter 
of  Howell,  king  of  Brittany, 
and  finally  slew  him  whilst 
Rallying  with  his  wife. 

He  spoke,  he  turn'd,  then,  flinging  round  her 

neck, 
Claspt  it,  and  cried  '  Thine  Order,  O  my 

Queen ! ' 
But,  while  he  bow'd  to  kiss  the  jewell'd  throat, 
Out  of  the  dark,  just  as  the  lips  had  touch'd, 
Behind  him  rose  a  shadow  and  a  shriek — 
'  Mark's  way,'  said  Mark,  and  clove  him  thro' 
the  brain. 

Gareth  and  Lynette  ;  Balin 
and  Balan ;  Merlin  and 
Vivien  ;    Last  Tournament. 

MARK  ANTONY. 

Marcus  Antonius,  son  of  Mar- 
cus Antonius  Creticus  and  Julia, 
sister  of  Julius  Caesar.  He 
became  consul  with  Caesar 
44  B.C.,  whom  he  accompanied 
to  Gaul.  When  Caesar  was 
murdered  on  the  Ides  of  March 
he    formed    a   triumvirate    and 


defeated  Brutus  and  Cassius  at 
Philippi.  Fell  in  love  with 
Cleopatra,  with  whom  he  lived 
in  luxury  in  Egypt.  Eventu- 
ally he  was  deposed  by  the 
Triumvirate  and  war  being 
proclaimed  he  was  defeated 
in  a  naval  engagement  off 
Actium,  by  Octavius,  B.C.  31. 
His  outburst  against  Cleo- 
patra after  his  defeat  is  de- 
picted in  Shakespeare's  Antony 
and  Cleopatra,  Act  iv.  Scene  xii. 

All  is  lost ; 
This  foul  Egyptian  hath  betrayed  me  : 
My  fleet  hath  yielded  to  the  foe ;  and  yonder 
They  cast  their  caps  up  and  carouse  together 
Like  friends  long  lost.     Triple-turn'd  whore ! 

'tis  thou 
Hast  sold  me  to  this  novice  ;  and  my  heart 
Makes  only  war  on  thee. 

and  when  she  has  left  him,  he 
proceeds  : 

'Tis  well  thou'rt  gone, 
If  it  be  well  to  live  ;  but  better  'twere 
Thou  fell'st  into  my  fury,  for  one  death 
Might  have  prevented  many.    Eros,  ho ! 
The  shirt  of  Nessus  is  upon  me : 

Twelve  months  later  he  com- 
mitted suicide    (83-30    B.C.). 

Dream  of  Fair  Women. 

M ARRIS    (Bessy).       See     Bessy 
Marris. 

MARS. 

The  Roman  god  of  war.     He 

was   regarded  as  the  father  of 

Romulus,  the  founder  of  Rome. 

Maud  ;  Locksley  Hall  Sixty 

Tears  After. 

MARSH-DIVER. 

The  Princess. 

MARSH-MARIGOLD. 

A  genus  of  plants  of  the 
Ranunculus  order,  having  large 
yellow  flowers,  common  in 
marshes. 

Queen  Mary. 


MAR]  2°7 

MARY. 

But  '  Ave  Mary,'  made  she  moan, 
And  '  Ave  Mary,'  night  and  morn, 

=  '  Hail  Mary,'  a  prayer  to 
the  Virgin  Mary. 

Mariana     in     the     South ; 
Harold;     "The  Foresters. 

MARY. 

One  of  four  girl  friends 
spoken  of  by  Alice,  the  '  Queen 
of  the  May.' 

May  Queen. 

MARY. 

When  Lazarus  left  his  charnel-cave, 
And  home  to  Mary's  house  return'd, 
Was  this  demanded — if  he  yearn'd 

To  hear  her  weeping  by  his  grave  ? 

Sister  of  Martha  and  Lazarus. 


[MAR 


In  Memoriam. 
MARY. 

The  silver  year  should  cease  to  mourn  and 
sigh — 

Not  long  to  wait — 
So  close  are  we,  dear  Mary,  you  and  I 

To  that  dim  gate. 

=  Mary  Boyle,  to  whom  the 
Progress  of  Spring  is  dedicated. 
To  Mary  Boyle. 
MARY. 

Wife  of  Romney,  the  great 
painter,  who  married  when  he 
was  only  nineteen.  Sir  Joshua 
and  other  artists  remarked  to 
him  that  marriage  spoiled  an 
artist,  and  almost  immediately 
he  forsook  his  wife  and  young 
child,  and  scarcely  saw  them 
until  the  close  of  his  life.  When 
old  and  weary  and  desolate 
he  returned  to  her,  who  received 
him  kindly  and  nursed  him  until 
he  died.  Before  his  death  he 
implored  for  her  forgiveness, 
and  said  he 

lost 
Salvation  for  a  sketch. 

Romney's  Remorse. 


MARY. 

Queen  of  England,  daughter 
of  Henry  VIII  and  Catherine 
of  Aragon.     On   the   death  of 
Edward  VI  she  was  proclaimed 
queen.     The  duke  of  Northum- 
berland had    however  induced 
Edward  VI  to  set  aside  Henry's 
will  in  favour  of  lady  Jane  Grey, 
who  had  married  his  son,  lord 
Guildford     Dudley,     but     the 
country    favoured    Mary    and 
she  entered  London  in  triumph 
on   July    io,    1553.     Northum- 
berland  and   others   were   exe- 
cuted, including  lady  Jane  Grey 
and     her     husband,     and     the 
Roman    Catholic    religion    was 
again    restored.     The    unpopu- 
larity of  the  proposal  to  marry 
Philip  of  Spain  brought  about 
the    rebellion    of     sir    Thomas 
Wyatt,  which  was  crushed  with 
severity,  and  the  princess  Eliza- 
beth being  suspected  was  com- 
mitted    to     the     Tower,     and 
afterwards  removed  to  Wood- 
stock.      In     1555     persecution 
broke  out  which  gave  her  the 
name  of  '  Bloody  Mary,'  some 
300    persons,    including    Cran- 
mer,  Ridley  and  Latimer  being 
sent     to     the     stake.     At     the 
instigation    of    Philip    she    de- 
clared  war   with   France,  with 
the  result  that  Calais  was  lost 
to   England.     During   the   last 
years  of  her  reign  she  suffered 
from  ill-health,    and    her    un- 
happy  and    childless  marriage, 
aggravated    by     the     loss      of 
Calais,   produced     a    fever    of 
which  she  died  on  November 


MAR] 


208 


[MAU 


17, 1558,  and  with  her  ended  the 
domination  of  the  papal  power 
in  England. 

Queen  Mary. 

MARY. 

MARY  MORRISON. 

The  lover,  and  eventually 
the  wife  of  William,  son  of  farmer 
Allan. 

Dora. 

MARY  OF  ENGLAND.     See  Mary 
(Queen  of  England). 


MARY     OF     SCOTLAND. 
Scots  (Mary,  Queen  of). 


See 


MASTIFF. 

A  large  dog. 

Promise  of  May. 

MATILDA  (or  Maud). 

Daughter  of  Henry  I  of 
England.  Married  in  1114  to 
the  emperor  Henry  V,  and  after 
his  death  in  11 28  to  Geoffrey 
Plantagenet.  On  the  death  of 
her  father,  her  cousin  Stephen 
(q.v.)  became  king,  and  civil 
war  broke  out.  In  1 139  she 
arrived  in  England  from  Nor- 
mandy, defeated  and  took 
Stephen  prisoner  at  the  battle 
of  Lincoln,  but  being  defeated 
herself  she  fled  to  Normandy. 
In  1 153  a  peace  was  concluded 
by  which  it  was  agreed  that 
Matilda's  son  Henry  should  be 
Stephen's  successor. 

Becket. 

MAUD. 

Daughter  of  a  man  who  by 
speculation  came  into  possession 
of  a   hall   and  certain    estates. 


The  son  of  the  ruined  man 
thought  of  leaving  the  hateful 
neighbourhood,  but  as  Maud, 
the  playmate  of  his  youth,  re- 
turned to  the  hall,  he  remained.. 
Maud  was  perfectly  beautiful, 
but  her  face  was  expression- 
less. She  grew  to  love  the 
playmate  of  her  youth,  to  whom 
she  had  been  betrothed  since 
birth.  Her  harsh  brother  for- 
bade all  intercourse,  but  her 
lover  invited  her  to  meet  him  in 
the  garden,  using  the  lovely  lyric,. 

'  Come  into  the  garden,  Maud. 

The  trysting-place  was  how- 
ever discovered  by  her  brother 
and  a  certain  young  lord.  High 
words  ensued,  followed  by  a 
duel.  Maud's  brother  was  shot 
dead — and  the  lover  fled  to 
the  Breton  coast.  The  news 
of  Maud's  death  reached  him 
and  he  fell  into  the  apathy  of 
despair. 

Maud. 

MAURICE  (Rev.  Frederick  Deni- 
son). 

Theologian  and  social  re- 
former and  friend  of  the  poet- 
Son  of  a  Unitarian  minister, 
in  1 81 2  went  to  Trinity  College,. 
Cambridge,  and  founded — in 
conjunction  with  Sterling — the 
Apostles  Club ;  in  1834  Pro" 
ceeded  to  Oxford  and  took  his 
degree  ;  appointed  chaplain  of 
Guy's  Hospital  1837;  and 
from  1846-53  was  Professor 
of  Theology  at  King's  College,, 
having  in  the  meantime  ap- 
peared    before     the     principal 


MAU] 


209 


[MEL 


to  answer  the  charges  of  hetero- 
doxy brought  against  him  in  the 
Quarterly  Review. 

For,  being  of  that  honest  few, 
Who  give  the  Fiend  himself  his"due, 

Should  eighty  thousand  college- councils 
Thunder  '  Anathema,'  friend,  at  you ; 

Should  all  our  Churchmen  foam  in  spite     f  -:  :7< 
At  you,  so  careful  of  the  right,  ^ 

Yet  one  lay-hearth  would  give  you  welcom 
(Take  it  and  come)  to  the  Isle  of  Wight ; 

In  1852  he  was  godfather  to 
Hallam  Tennyson. 

Come,  when  no  graver  cares  employ, 
Godfather,  come  and  see  your  boy  : 

Your  presence  will  be  sun  in  winter, 
Making  the  little  one  leap  for  joy. 

In  the  following  year  upon 
the  publication  of  his  Theolo- 
gical Essays  was,  by  the  Council 
of  King's  College,  requested 
to  retire.  He  subsequently 
accepted  the  Incumbency  of 
Vere  Street  Chapel,  which  he 
held  until  appointed  Professor 
of  Moral  Philosophy  at  Cam- 
bridge. Incumbent  of  St.  Ed- 
ward's, Cambridge,  1870-72  and 
Cambridge  preacher  at  White- 
hall 1 87 1.  He  died  in  the 
following  year  and  was  buried 
at  Highgate. 

To  Rev.  F.  D.  Maurice. 

MAURICE. 

MAURICE  BERKELEY. 

Sir  Maurice  Berkeley.  Fought 
on  the  side  of  Mary  in  the  Wyatt 
insurrection,  1554.  Wyatt  sur- 
rendered to  him  at  Temple 
Bar. 

Queen  Mary. 

MAVIS. 

=  The  song-thrush. 

Claribel  ;   Gareth  and  Lyn- 
ette  ;  The  Foresters. 


MAVORS. 

then  would  I  cry  to  thee 
To  kiss  thy  Mavors,  roll  thy  tender  arms 
Round  him, 

=  Mars. 

Lucretius. 
MAYFLY. 

A     short-lived     fly     which 
appears  in  May. 

Maud. 

MAY  LILIAN.    See  Lilian. 

MAY-SWEET. 

Lover's  Tale. 

MEADOW-CRAKE. 

=  the  corn-crake.  It  builds 
its  nest  in  meadow  grass. 

The  Princess. 

MEADOW-SWEET. 

A  fragrant  herbaceous  plant 
with  white  flowers,  called  also 
queen  of  the  meadow. 

The  Brook  ;  Promise  of  May. 

MEDITERRANEAN. 

An  inland  sea  enclosed  east 
by  Asia,  south  by  Africa  and 
north  by  Europe. 

Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cobham. 

MEDWAY. 

Ah,  gray  old  castle  of  Alington,  green  field 
Beside  the  brimming  Medway,  it  may  chance 
That  I  shall  never  look  upon  you  more. 


A  river  of  Kent. 


Queen  Mary. 
MEG. 

began 
To  troll  a  careless,  careless  tavern-catch 
Of  Moll  and  Meg,  and  strange  experiences 
Unmeet  for  ladies. 

A  colloquialism  for  Margaret. 
The  Princess. 

MELISSA. 

Daughter  of  lady  Blanche  and 
friend  of  Ida,  heroine  of  The 
Princess,    one    of    the    young 
P 


MEL] 

ladies  who  accompanied  Ida  to 
her  house  of  learning.  Melissa 
is  the  Greek  word  for  '  Bee  ' 
or '  Honey.'  She  was  supposed 
to  be  a  maiden  of  youthful 
charm  and  one  whose  tender 
conscience  and  loving  manner 
could  not  brook  the  shadow 
of  deceit.  At  the  coDege  she 
occupied  a  subordinate  posi- 
tion, but  her  youthful  charm 
and  subordinate  sphere  formed 
a  striking  contrast  to  the  prin- 
cess who  was  the  embodiment 
of  majestic  dignity. 

The  Princess. 
MELPOMENE. 

The  Muse  of  Tragedy.  Her 
attribute  is  a  tragic  mask,  or  a 
sword.  The  Muses  (q.v.)  were 
nine  in  number,  daughters  of 
Zeus  and  Mnemosyne,  and 
were  considered  as  goddesses 
dwelling  in  Olympus. 

In  Memoriam. 
MEMMIAN    NAPHTHA-PITS. 

or  fled 
Beyond  the  Memmian  naphtha-pits,  disgraced 
For  ever — 

=  Mennis,  a  place  in  Meso- 
potamia with  Naphtha-pits, 
identified  with  the  modern 
Kerkuk,  or  Kirkook,  in  Asiatic 
Turkey,  twenty  hours'  journey 
from  Arbela. 

Alexander  quartis  castris  ad  Mennin  urbem 
pervenit.  Caverna  ibi  est,  ex  qua  fons 
ingentem  vim  bituminis  efiundit,  adeo  ut 
satis  constet,  Babylonios  muros  ingentis 
opens  fontis  bitumine  interlitos  esse. 
Q.  Curtius  :   Hist.  Alex.  Magni  v.  i.  16. 

See  Professor  Bensly's  com- 
munication to  Notes  and 
Queries ,  February  14,  1914, 

P-  137- 

Alexander. 


210 


[MEN 


MEMMIUS. 

„      .  ,     ,  and  meant 

Purely  to  lead  my  Memmius  in  a  train 
Of  flowery  clauses  onward  to  the  proof 
That  Gods  there  are,  and  deathless. 

=A  Roman  citizen.  Was  tri- 
bune, pretor  and  subsequently 
governor  of  Bithynia  ;  banished 
by  Caesar.  Lucretius  dedicated 
his  poem  to  him. 

Lucretius. 
MEMNON. 

The  beautiful  son  of  Tithonus 
and  Eos.  He  was  sent  by  his 
father  to  assist  in  the  Trojan 
war  and  slew  Antilochus,  but 
was  himself  killed  by  Achilles ; 
whereupon  his  mother  besought 
Jupiter  to  immortalize  his 
memory.  This,  however,  did  not 
calm  her  sorrow,  for  she  bears 
witness  to  her  weeping  in  the 
dews  of  the  morning.  A  colos- 
sal statue  of  king  Amenophis 
built  near  Thebes,  and  which 
was  said  to  emit  a  musical  sound 
at  dawn,  was  given  the  name  of 
Memnon. 

Thro*  which  the  lights,  rose,  amber,  emerald, 

blue, 
Flush'd  in  her  temples  and  her  eyes, 
And  from  her  lips,  as  morn  from    Memnon 

drew 
Rivers  of  melodies. 

Palace  of  Art  ;    The  Princess. 


MENCECEUS. 

A  young  Theban,  son  of 
Creon.  During  the  siege  of 
Thebes,  Tiresias  prophesied 
that  victory  would  ensue  on  the 
side  of  Thebes  if  the  wrath 
of  the  god  Ares  was  pacified 
by  a  descendant  of  the  warriors 
that  had  sprung  from  the 
dragon's  teeth  sown  by  Cadmus 


MEN] 


211 


[MER 


(q.v.)  at  the  well  of  the  Dirce 
being  sacrificed.  Menceceus, 
one  of  the  last  of  the  race,  slew 
himself  on  the  wall  and  his 
body  fell  down  into  the  cave 
which  had  been  the  haunt  of 
the  dragon. 

Tiresias. 

MEN-TOMMIES. 

as  Sweet-hearts. 

Spinster's  Sweet-Arts. 

MERCURY. 

The  Italian  god  of  commerce. 
Lucretius  ;  Lover's  Tale. 

MERIDES. 

The  personification  of  the 
noonday  sun.  The  name  of 
a  knight — one  of  four  brothers 
— who  kept  the  passages  of 
Castle  Perilous,  where  the  lady 
Lyonors  was  held  captive,  and 
who  was  overthrown  by  sir 
Gareth. 

Gareth  and  Lynette. 

MERLE. 

=  The  blackbird. 

Gareth  and  Lynette  ;     The 
Foresters. 

MERLIN. 

The  magician  of  Arthur's 
court.  He  is  supposed  to  have 
been  a  bard,  born  about  the 
year  470  a.d.,  and  adopted  the 
name  of  Ambrose.  He  first 
served  the  British  chief  Am- 
brosius  Aurelianus,  and  after- 
wards king  Arthur. 

and  one 
Is  Merlin,  the  wise  man  that  ever  served 
King  Uther  thro'  his  magic  art ; 

In  457  a.d.,  after  the  defeat 
of  the    Saxons   under  Hengist, 


Merlin  conveyed  great  stones 
from  Ireland  to  England,  and 
set  them  up  at  Stonehenge  as 
a  monument  to  the  British 
chiefs  who  had  been  slain  by 
Hengist,  where  they  still  remain. 

How  Merlin  by  his  skill,  and  Magiques  won- 
drous might, 

From  Ireland  hither  brought  the  Stonehenge 
in  a  night : 

Drayton  :  Polyolbion,  Fourth  Song. 

He  received  king  Arthur 
after  his  birth  and  handed  him 
to  sir  Anton  to  bring  him  up. 

Wherefore  Merlin  took  the  child 
And  gave  him  to  Sir  Anton,  an  old  knight, 
And  ancient  friend  of  Uther ;  and  his  wife 
Nursed  the  young  prince,  and  rear'd  him  with 

her  own ; 
And  no  man  knew.] 

He  afterwards  made  the 
Round  Table  at  Camelot  to  seat 
150  knights  and  built  a  castle 
to  accommodate  the  magic  table. 

'  O  brother,  had  you  known  our  mighty  hall, 
Which  Merlin  built  for  Arthur  long  ago! 
For  all  the  sacred  mount  of  Camelot, 
And  all  the  dim  rich  city,  roof  by  roof, 
Tower  after  tower,  spire  beyond  spire, 

Various  accounts  are  given 
as  to  the  manner  of  his  death, 
but  Tennyson  says  that  his  fair 
mistress  Vivien  (q.v.),  who  never 
left  his  side,  followed  him  to 
the  wild  woods  of  Broceliande 
where  she  induced  him  by 
craft  to  reveal  to  her  the  secret 
of  his  magic  strength.  Having 
learnt  this,  Vivien  confined 
him  in  a  hollow  tower  from 
which  there  was  no  escape. 

And  then  she  follow'd  Merlin  all  the  way, 
Ev'n  to  the  wild  woods  of  Broceliande. 
For  Merlin  once  had  told  her  of  a  charm, 
The  which  if  any  wrought  on  any  one 
With  woven  paces  and  with  waving  arms, 
The  man  so  wrought  on  ever  seem'd  to  lie 
Closed  in  the  four  walls  of  a  hollow  tower, 
From  which  was  no  escape  for  evermore. 

Morte  d' Arthur  ;  Coming 
of  Arthur;  Gareth  and 
Lynette ;        Merlin       and 


MER] 


212 


[MIR 


Vivien  ;  Holy  Grail  ;  Pel- 
leas  andEttarre  ;  Last  Tour- 
nament ;  Passing  of  Arthur  ; 
Merlin  and  the  Gleam. 

MERSEY. 

And  here,  new-comers  in  an  ancient  hold, 
New-comers  from  the  Mersey,  millionaires, 
Here  lived  the  Hills. 

=  The  river  Mersey. 

Edwin  Morris. 

METHUSALEH. 

Eh  !  if  I  could  ha'  gone  on  wi'  the  plowin' 
nobbut  the  smell  o'  the  mou'd  'ud  ha'  maade 
ma  live  as  long  as  Jerusalem. 

Eva.    Methusaleh,  father. 

Promise  of  May. 

MEW. 

=  A  sea-gull. 
Sea  Fairies  ;  The  Princess. 

MEXICO. 

A  republic  of  North  America. 

Mine      be      the     strength  ; 

Queen  Mary. 

MICHAEL. 

An  archangel,  and  leader  of 
the  heavenly  host,  who  drove 
the  rebel  angels  out  of   heaven. 

Last  Tournament. 

MICHAEL  ANGELO. 

A  famous  Italian  sculptor, 
painter  and  poet. 

In  Memoriam. 

MILAN. 

A  city  of  northern  Italy, 
and  capital  of  the  province  of 
Milan. 

The  Daisy  ;  Queen  Mary. 

MILLY. 

Servant  to  farmer  Dobson. 
Promise  of  May. 


MILTON. 

Poet  (1608- 1 674). 

Palace    of    Art ;     Milton  ; 
Romney's  Remorse. 
MINNETH. 

The   chief   city  of  the   Am- 
monites. 

And  he  smote  them  from  Aroer,  even  till 
thou  come  to  Minnith.    Judges  xi.  33. 

Dream  of  Fair  Women. 
MINNIE. 

Minnie  and  Winnie 

Slept  in  a  shell. 
Sleep,  little  ladies  ! 

And  they  slept  well. 

Minnie  and  Winnie. 

MINNOW. 

A  small  fresh-water  fish. 

Miller's  Daughter. 
MIRIAM. 

And  highest,  among  the  statues,  statue-like 
ween  a  cymbal'd  Miriam  and  a  Jael, 

Sister  of  Moses  and  Aaron, 
and  a  prophetess.  After  the 
passage  of  the  Red  Sea  she  took 
a  cymbal  in  her  hand,  and 
followed  by  the  whole  female 
population  of  Israel  sang  a  song 
of  thanksgiving  to  God  for 
having  delivered  Israel  from 
the  Egyptians.  Exodus  xv.  20-2 1 . 
The  Princess. 

MIRIAM. 

MIRIAM  ERNE. 

Cousin  of  Muriel  Erne,  in 
whose  company  she  was  often 
to  be  found,  Muriel  fishing 
and  Miriam  sketching  by  a 
certain  brook.  Miriam  married, 
but  died  during  the  first  year  of 
her  married  life,  leaving  a  little 
daughter  also  called  Miriam. 
The  Ring. 


MIR] 


213 


[MOL 


MIRIAM. 
MIRIAM  LANE. 

The  landlady  of  the  village 
tavern  in  Enoch  Arden. 

Enoch  Arden. 
MISERERE  MEI. 

Then  knelt  and  said  the  Miserere  Mei — 
But  all  in  English,  mark  you ;  rose  again, 

The  Fifty-first  psalm. 

Oueen  Mary. 
MISTLETOE. 

A  parasite  plant  or  shrub, 
which  grows  on  different  trees. 
When  found  upon  the  oak  it 
was  regarded  by  the  Druids 
as  an  object  of  superstition. 
Day-Dream. 
MIZPEH. 

The  daughter  of  the  warrior  Gileadite, 

A  maiden  pure  ;  as  when  she  went  along 
From  Mizpeh's  tower'd  gate  with  welcome 
light, 
With  timbrel  and  with  song. 

See  Judges  xi.  34-36. 

Dream  of  Fair  Women. 
MNEMOSYNE. 

In  Greek  Mythology,  the  god- 
dess of  memory  and  mother  of 
the  muses. 

The  Princess. 
MOAB. 

and  a  hundred  meres 
About  it,  as  the  water  Moab  saw 
Come  round  by  the  East, 

See  2  Kings  Hi.  22. 

Last  Tournament. 
MOCK-HYMEN.     See  Hymen. 
MODRED. 

Son  of  Lot,  king  of  Orkney, 
and  Bellicent,  daughter  of 
Gorlois  and  Ygerne,  and  brother 
of  sir  Gawain  and  sir  Gareth. 
His  name  signifies  '  Biter,' 
which  represents  the  serpent  of 
which  king  Arthur  was  by 
Merlin  warned  to  beware. 
When  king  Arthur  (q.v.)  was 
absent  on  a  campaign  abroad 


he   left    Modred   regent ;     but 
he   usurped   the   kingdom    and 
tried    to    wed    Guinevere    the 
queen.     Upon  Arthur  learning 
the  news  he  returned  and  in  the 
'  last  weird  battle  in  the  west  ' 
Modred  was  slain  and  Arthur 
also  received  his  death-wound. 
Coming  of  Arthur  ;    Gareth 
and  Lynette  ;    Lancelot  and 
Elaine  ;  Pelleas  andEttarre; 
Last  Tournament ;    Guine- 
vere ;    Passing  of  Arthur. 
MOLE. 

A  small  animal  which  bur- 
rows in  the  ground  and  casts 
up  little  heaps  of  mould. 

My  life  is  full ;    Aylmer's 
Field  ;  Defence  of  Lucknow. 
MOLL. 

began 
To  troll  a  careless,  careless  tavern-catch 
Of  Moll  and  Meg,  and  strange  experiences 
Unmeet  for  ladies. 

A  colloquialism  for  Mary. 
The  Princess. 
MOLLY. 

Servant  girl  to  an  old  spinster 
who  had  named  all  her  cats 
after  her  former  sweethearts. 
She  seemed  to  induce  Molly  to 
believe  her  ideas. 

That  a  man  be  a  durty  thing  an'  a  trouble 
an'  plague  wi'  indoor. 

Spinster's  Sweet-Arts. 
MOLLY. 

One  of  the  daughters  of  the 
new  village  squire,  and  described 
by  the  village  wife 

For  Molly  the  long  un  she  walkt  away  wi'  a 

hofficer  lad, 
An'  nawbody  'eard  on  'er  sin,  sa  o'  coorse  she 

be  gone  to  the  bad  ! 

Village  Wife. 
MOLLY. 

MOLLY  MAGEE.  See  Dan,  Danny 
O'Roon. 


MOL] 


214 


[MOR 


MOLOCH. 

Screams  of  a  babe  in  the  red-hot  palms  of 
Moloch  of  Tyre, 

Refers  to  the  fire  god  of  the 
Ammonites,  which  was  wor- 
shipped in  Rabba,  and  to  whom 
human  sacrifices  were  offered. 

First,  Moloch,  horrid  king,  besmeared  with 

blood 
Of  human  sacrifice,  and  parents'  tears  ; 
Though,  for  the  noise  of  drums  and  timbrels 

loud, 
Their  children's  cries  unheard   that  passed 

through  fire 
To  his  grim  idol.     Him   the   Ammonite 
Worshipped  in  Rabba  and  her  watery  plain, 
In  Argob  and  in  Basan,  to  the  stream 
Of  utmost  Arnon. 

Milton  :  Paradise  Lost,  Book  I,  392-399. 


MOLOWNY. 

A  priest. 


The  Dawn. 


Tomorrow. 


MOLY. 

A  fabulous  herb  of  magic 
power,  said  by  Homer  to  have 
been  given  by  Hermes  to  Odys- 
seus to  counteract  the  spells  of 
Circe. 

And  yet  more  med'cinal  is  it  than  that  Moly 
That  Hermes  once  to  wise  Ulysses  gave. 
Milton :    Comus,  636-637. 

Lotos-Eaters. 
MONA. 

While  about  the  shore  of  Mona  those  Neron- 

ian  legionaries 
Burnt  and  broke  the  grove  and  altar  of  the 

Druid  and  Druidess(J 

The  Roman  name  of  the 
isle  of  Anglesey.  Upon  the 
occasion  of  the  second  Roman 
invasion  of  Britain,  it  was  the 
only  place  where  Druidism 
existed,  which  was  finally  de- 
stroyed by  the  Roman  General 
Suetonius  Paulinus  in  a.d.  6i. 
Boddicea. 

MONACO. 

How  like  a"gem,  beneath  the  city 
Of  little  Monaco,  basking,  glow'd. 


A  small  principality  on  the 
shores  of  the  Mediterranean  sea. 
The  Daisy. 

MONMOUTH    (Harry    of).     See 
Harry  of  Monmouth. 

MONNA  GIOVANNA. 

See  Federigo  degli  Alberighi. 

MONTE  ROSA. 

How  faintly-flush'd,  how  phantom-fair, 
Was  Monte  Rosa,  hanging  there 

A  thousand  shadowy-pencill'd  valleys 
And  snowy  dells  in  a  golden  air. 

A      glacier      mass      between 
Switzerland  and  Italy. 

The  Daisy. 

MONTFORT  (Edith).     See  Edith, 
Edith  Montfort. 

MORCAR. 

Earl  of  Northumbria  and 
son  of  Alfgar  of  Mercia  ;  joined 
his  brother  Edwin,  earl  of 
Mercia  in  his  revolt  against 
Tostig  :  and  was  defeated  by 
the  Norsemen  under  Hardrada 
at  Fulford  Bridge,  near  York, 
September  20,  1066.  After  the 
battle  of  Senlac  he  made  sub- 
mission to  the  Conqueror  and 
was  pardoned.  In  1071  he 
joined  the  insurgents  in  the 
Isle  of  Ely  under  Hereward 
the  Wake  and  on  surrendering 
was  committed  to  the  custody 
of  Roger  de  Beaumont ;  in 
1087  he  was  imprisoned  at  Win- 
chester. 

Harold. 

MORE  (Sir  Thomas). 

Son  of  sir  John  More  and  the 
author  of  Utopia.  Succeeded 
Wolsey  as  Lord  Chancellor  1529, 


MOR] 


215 


[MOU 


but  resigned  the  office  (1532) 
because  he  could  not  support 
Henry  VII I's  action  in  the 
matter  of  his  divorce ;  with 
John  Fisher,  bishop  of  Rochester, 
was  committed  to  the  Tower 
for  refusing  to  take  the  oath 
of  supremacy ;  found  guilty 
and  was  beheaded  July  6,  1535  ; 
his  body  was  buried  in  the 
Tower  and  his  head  exhibited 
on  London  Bridge  (1478-1535). 
Queen  Mary. 

MOREL  AND  (Emma).    See  Emma 
Moreland. 

MORGANORE. 

One  of  the  petty  kings  over- 
come by  king  Arthur  fighting 
on  behalf  of  Leodogran,  king 
of  Cameliard. 

Coming  of  Arthur. 
MORIAH. 

Alter  the  day  of  darkness,  when  the  dead 
Went  wandering  o'er  Moriah — 

A  mountain  near  Jerusalem 
where  king  Solomon  built  the 
temple.     2  Chronicles,  chap.  Hi. 

The  wandering  of  the  dead 
after  the  crucifixion  is  referred 
to  in  St.  Matthew  xxvii.  50-53. 
Holy  Grail ;  Columbus. 

MORRIS    (Edwin).    See    (Edwin, 
Edwin  Morris. 

MORRISON  (Mary).     See    Mary, 
Mary  Morrison. 

MORS. 

An  infernal  deity,  the  off- 
spring of  Night. 

Gareth  and  Lynette. 

MORVILLE.     See  De  Morville. 
MOSES. 

Tomorrow. 


MOTH. 

A  family  of  nocturnal  insects. 
The  Princess ;  In  Me- 
moriam  ;  Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cobham ;  Becket ; 
Promise  of  May. 

MOUNT  OF  BLESSING. 
MOUNT  OF  VISION. 

And  climb  the  Mount  of  Blessing,  whence  if 

thou 
Look  higher,  then — perchance — thou  mayest 

— beyond 
A  hundred  ever-rising  mountain  lines, 
And  past  the  range  of  Night  and  Shadow — 

see 
The  high-heaven  dawn  of  more  than  mortal 

day 
Strike  on  the  Mount  of  Vision ! 

Ancient  Sage. 

MOUSE. 

A  small  rodent  quadruped, 
of  the  genus  mus. 

Mariana  ;  Aylmer's  Field  ; 
Northern  Farmer,  New 
Style ;  Maud ;  Village 
Wife ;  Spinster's  Sweet- 
Arts  ;  Owd  Rod ;  Queen 
Mary  ;    The  Falcon. 

MOUNTAINS  OF  THE  WORLD. 

And  came  upon  the  Mountains  of  the  World 
And  saw  the  rivers  roll  from  Paradise 

The  description  given  by 
Columbus  to  the  beautiful  and 
fertile  shore  of  Paria,  South 
America,  which  he  considered 
to  have  been  the  abode  of 
Adam  and  Eve.  He  presumed 
that  the  stream  of  fresh  water 
which  filled  the  Paria,  and 
sweetened  the  salt  ocean  in  its 
vicinity  being  supplied  by  the 
fountain  mentioned  in  Genesis, 
as  springing  from  the  tree  of  life 
in  the  Garden  of  Eden. 

Columbus. 


MUC] 


216 


[MYR 


MUCH. 

The    '  miller's   son,'   one    of 
Robin  Hood's  band  of  outlaws. 
The  Foresters. 

MUGGINS. 

A  methodist  preacher  sup- 
posed to  have  preached  a  ser- 
mon on  '  Hell-fire  an'  the  loov 
o'  God  fur  men,'  when  Sally 
and  her  lover  the  northern 
cobbler,  first  went  to  the  meeting 
together.  He  was  supposed  to 
have  had  some  influence  over 
the  cobbler  in  getting  him  to 
give  up  his  habit  of  drunkenness. 
Northern  Cobbler. 

MULE. 

A  hybrid  animal,  generated 
between  an  ass  and  a  mare. 

Sir    Launcelot    and    Queen 
Guinevere. 

MURIEL  ERNE. 

Muriel  and  Miriam  Erne 
were  cousins.  The  latter  died 
leaving  a  little  girl  who  was 
also  named  Miriam  Erne. 
Muriel,  out  of  pity  for  the 
lonely  child,  took  her  and  nursed 
her,  and  in  later  years  became 
the  child's  stepmother. 

The  Ring. 

MUSCOVITE. 

How  long  this  icy-hearted  Muscovite 
Oppress  the  region  ?  ' 

=  a  native  of  Moscow,  or  of 
Russia. 

Poland. 

MUSES,  THE. 

Goddesses  who  presided  over 
poetry,  music,  dancing,  and  the 
liberal  arts.  They  were  the 
daughters  of  Zeus  and  Mnemo- 


syne,and  were  nine  in  number : — 

Calliope  :  the  Muse  of  elo- 
quence and  epic  poetry.  Her 
symbols  are  a  tablet  and  stylus ; 
sometimes  a  scroll. 

Clio  :  the  Muse  of  history. 
Her  symbol  is  a  scroll. 

Erato :  the  Muse  of  erotic 
poetry  and  elegy.  Her  symbol 
is  a  lyre. 

Euterpe  :  the  Muse  of  music. 
Her  symbol  is  a  flute. 

Melpomene :  the  Muse  of 
tragedy.  Her  symbol  is  a  tragic 
mask,  or  a  sword. 

Polyhymnia :  the  Muse  of 
sacred  poetry.  She  has  no  attri- 
bute. 

Terpsichore :  the  Muse  of 
choral  song  and  dance.  Her 
symbols  are  a  lyre  and  the 
plectrum. 

Thalia  :  the  Muse  of  comedy. 
Her  symbol  is  a  shepherd's 
staff,  or  a  wreath  of  ivy. 

Urania  :  the  Muse  of  astro- 
nomy. Represented  as  hold- 
ing a  staff  with  which  she 
points  to  a  globe. 

The  Princess ;  In  Me- 
moriam  ;  To  Virgil ;  Dead 
Prophet ;    Parnassus. 

MUSSULMAN. 

=  The  Persian  form  of  Mos- 
lem. Recollections  of  the 
Arabian  Nights  ;  Romncfs 
Remorse  ;  Akbar's  Dream  ; 
Becket. 

MYRTLE. 

An    evergreen   shrub   of   the 
genus    Myrtus.    The    ancients 


NAD] 


217 


NER] 


considered  it  sacred  to  Venus, 
the  goddess  of  Love. 

The  Islet;  The  Cup. 

NADIR. 

May  this  hard  earth  cleave  to  the  Nadir  hell 
Down,  down,  and  close  again,  and  nip  me  flat, 
If  I  be  such  a  'traitress. 

Represents  the  lowest  point. 
Merlin  and  Vivien. 

naKad. 

In  Greek  mythology  the 
Naiads  were  female  nymphs, 
represented  as  presiding  over 
fresh-water  fountains  and 
streams,  and  endowed  with 
prophetic  power. 

Leonine  Elegiacs  ;  Adeline  ; 
ToE.L. 

NAPLES. 

A  city  of  Italy  and  capital 
of  the  province  of  Naples. 

The    Brook ;     The    Ring ; 
Queen  Mary. 

NEILGHERRY. 

yet  the  brook  he  loved, 
For  which,  in  branding  summers  of  Bengal, 
Or  ev'n  the  sweet  half-English  Neilgherry  air 
I  panted, 

A  mountain  district  in  south 
India.  It  is  a  bracing  district 
and  much  frequented  by  Eu- 
ropeans as  a  health  resort. 
In  some  respects  it  resembles 
the  climate  of  England,  hence 
'  half-English.' 

The  Brook. 

NELL. 

NELLY.  S^Ellen. 

NELLY. 

Daughter  of  the  village 
squire. 

An*  Nelly  wur  up  fro'  the  craadle  as  big  i'  the 
mouth  as  a  cow, 


On  account  of  this  the  village 
wife  recommended  that  she 
must  emigrate. 

An'  saw  she  mun  hammergrate,  lass,  or  she 
weant  git  a  maate  onyhow  ! 

Village  Wife. 
NELSON. 

Horatio,  Lord  Nelson. 

The  Fleet. 

NEMESIS. 

and  some  great  Nemesis 
Break  from  a  darken'd  future,  crown'd  with 
fire, 

In  Greek  mythology  the 
goddess  of  moral  justice  and  the 
personification  of  Divine  retri- 
bution. According  to  Hesiod 
she  is  the  daughter  of  Night, 
and  with  Aidos,  the  divinity 
of  modesty,  left  the  earth  on 
the  advent  of  the  iron  age. 
Her  statue  at  Athens  is  said 
to  have  been  executed  by 
Phidias,  the  greatest  6culptor 
the  world  has  ever  seen,  out 
of  a  block  of  Parian  marble 
which  Darius  brought  from 
Persia,  and  which  he  had  in- 
tended to  set  up  in  Athens 
as  a  monument  of  his  victory 
over  the  Greeks  at  Marathon. 
It  was  used  instead  to  record 
his  defeat. 

The  Princess. 

NENE. 

Becket.    Where  is  the  King  ? 

Roger  of  York.    Gone  hawking  on  the  Nene 

A  river  which  has  its  source 
in  Northamptonshire,  and  enters 
the  North  Sea  by  the  Wash. 
Becket. 
NERONIAN. 

While  about  the  shore  of  Mona  those  Neron- 

ian  legionaries 
Burnt  and  broke  the  grove  and  altar  of  the 

Druid  and  Druidess,  . 


NET] 


218 


[NIG 


Refers  to  the  Roman  army 
under  Suetonius  Paulinus  who 
destroyed  the  Druidical  power 
in  the  Isle  of  Mona  (Anglesey) 

A.D.    6l. 

Boddicea. 

NETHERLANDS. 

=The   low   countries. 

Queen  Mary. 

NEW  ENGLAND. 

A  name  applied  to  the  former 
British  possession  in  North 
America,  and  now  comprising 
the  States  of  Maine,  New 
Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachu- 
setts, Connecticut,  and  Rhode 
Island.  The  inhabitants  are 
descendants  of  English  Puri- 
tans. Captain  John  Smith 
made  an  extensive  exploration 
of  the  region  in  1614,  and  sug- 
gested that  it  should  be  called 
1  New  England.' 

Hands  All  Round. 

NEW  FOREST. 

A  royal  forest  of  England, 
enclosed  by  William  the  Con- 
queror, and  situated  in  the 
south-western  portion  of  Hamp- 
shire. Contains  the  Rufus 
stone  marking  the  traditional 
site  of  the  death  of  William  II. 

Sisters  {Evelyn  and  Edith). 

NEWFOUNDLAND  (dog). 

Aylmer's  Field. 

NICHOLAS  (Saint). 

Patron  saint  of  Russia  ;  was 
bishop  of  Myra  in  Lycia,  and 
suffered  persecution  under  Dio- 
cletian. Children,  especially 
schoolboys,  are  regarded  as  be- 


ing under  his  guardianship,  and 
he    still    survives    in  the  Santa 
Claus  of  Christmas  rejoicings. 
The  Foresters. 

NICHOLAS. 
NICHOLAS  HEATH. 

Archbishop  of  York  and  Lord 
Chancellor  ;  fellow  of  Christ's 
College,  Cambridge,  1521,  and 
of  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge, 
1524,  vicar  of  Hever  1531-32, 
and  in  1534  appointed  arch- 
deacon of  Stafford.  Created 
bishop  of  Rochester,  1539 ; 
and  in  1542  succeeded  Latimer 
in  the  see  of  Worcester,  but  was 
deprived  in  1551.  On  the  ac- 
cession of  Mary  was  restored 
to  Worcester,  and  subsequently 
elected  archbishop  of  York, 
vacant  by  the  deprivation  of 
archbishop  Holgate.  In  1556 
he  was  appointed  Lord  Chan- 
cellor. On  the  death  of  Mary 
he  proclaimed  Elizabeth  in  the 
House  of  Lords,  and  for  a  short 
time  continued  to  hold  the 
office  of  Chancellorship.  Was 
deprived  of  his  archbishoprick 
for  refusing  to  take  the  oath 
of  supremacy  and  committed 
to  the  Tower,  but  was  subse- 
quently set  at  liberty  on  giving 
an  undertaking  not  to  inter- 
fere in  Church  and  State 
matters.  He  died  in  1579, 
and  was  buried  in  the  chancel 
of  Cobham  Church. 

Queen  Mary. 

NIGHTINGALE. 

A  small  bird  of  the  Passerine 
family.     It  sings  at  night  and 


NIL] 


219 


[NOR 


is  celebrated  for  the  sweetness 

of  its  song. 

Palace  of  Art ;  Gar- 
dener's Daughter  ;  Vision  of 
Sin;  Poet's  Song;  Ayl- 
mer's  Field  ;  The  Princess  ; 
Grandmother  ;  In  the  Gar- 
den at  Swainston  ;  Marriage 
of  Geraint ;  Balin  and 
Balan ;  First  Quarrel ; 
Ancient  Sage  ;  Demeter  and 
Persephone. 

NILE. 

O  saviour  of  the  silver-coasted  isle, 
O  shaker  of  the  Baltic  and  the  Nile, 

Has  reference  to  lord  Nel- 
son's victory  at  the  battle  of  the 
Nile,  August  I,  1798. 

Ode  on  the  death  of  the  Duke 
of  Wellington. 

NILUS. 

The  Nilus  would  have  risen  before  his  time 
And  flooded  at  our  nod. 

Has  reference  to  the  annual 
overflow  (July  to  October)  of 
the  river  Nile. 

Dream  of  Fair  Women. 

NIOBE. 

In  Greek  mythology  the 
daughter  of  Tantalus,  and  wife 
of  Amphion,  king  of  Thebes. 
She  had  twelve  children,  six  sons 
and  six  daughters,  and  she 
scorned  the  goddess  Leto  who 
had  only  two  children,  Apollo 
and  Diana.  These  two  chil- 
dren being  indignant  at  the 
insult  to  their  mother  slew  with 
their  arrows  all  Niobe's  chil- 
dren. For  nine  days  they  lay 
in  their  blood,  and  on  the  tenth 
day  the  gods  buried  them. 
Niobe   fled  to   mount   Sipylos, 


in  Asia  Minor,  where  she  was 
turned  into  a  stone. 

Walking  to  the  Mail  ;   Pro- 
mise of  May. 

niobean. 

Has  reference  to  Niobe  (q.v.) 
queen  of  Thebes. 

The  Princess. 

NOAILLES. 

Antoine    de    Noailles    (1504- 
1562),  soldier  and  diplomatist. 
Queen  Mary. 

noAks. 

A  notorious  character,  a 
poacher,  who  was  supposed  to 
have  shot  a  keeper  and  accord- 
ing to  the  story  told  by  an  old 
farmer,  was  condemned  and 
hanged. 

Noaks  or  Thimbleby — toaner  'ed  shot  'um  a* 

dead  as  a  naail. 
Noaks  wur  'ang'd  for  it  cop  at  'soize — 

Northern  Farmer,  Old  Style. 

NOKES. 

A  character  in  Queen  Mary. 
Queen  Mary. 
NOKES. 

A  farm  hand. 

Promise  of  May. 

NORFOLK  (Duke  of). 

Thomas  Howard,  third  duke 
of  Norfolk  (1473-1 554),  tried  to 
suppress  the  Wyatt  rebellion, 
but  was  unsuccessful. 

Queen  Mary. 

NORMANDY. 

An  old   province  of   France 
of  which  Rouen  was  the  Capital. 
Harold  ;  Becket. 


NORMANLAND. 

=Normandy. 


Harold. 


NOR] 


220 


[OAK 


NORSELAND. 

=  Scandinavia,  but  more  par- 
ticularly Norway. 

Harold. 

NORTHAMPTON. 

Becket.    On  a  Tuesday  was  I  born,  and  on 

a  Tuesday 
Baptized  ;  and  on  a  Tuesday  did  I  fly 
Forth    from    Northampton ;   on   a   Tuesday 

pass'd 
From  England  into  bitter  banishment ; 

In  1 1 64  Thomas  Becket, 
archbishop  of  Canterbury,  was 
summoned  by  Henry  II  to  a 
Council  at  Northampton  to 
give  an  account  of  the  various 
sums  of  monies  received  by 
him  during  the  time  he  held 
the  office  of  Lord  Chancel- 
lor. Judgment  being  given 
against  him,  Becket  left  the 
palace,  and  stealing  away  by 
night,  reached  Sandwich,  and 
thence  by  boat  to  Flanders. 
Becket. 

NORTH-SEA. 

Lancelot  and  Elaine. 

NORTHUMBERLAND.     See  Nor- 
thumbria. 

Coming  of  Arthur  ;  Harold. 

NORTHUMBERLAND    (Earl    of). 

John  Dudley,  first  duke  of 
Northumberland  ;  executed 
(1553)  for  resisting  the  acces- 
sion of  Mary  to  the  throne.  His 
son  lord  Guildford  Dudley  was 
married  to  lady  Jane  Grey. 
Queen  Mary. 

NORTHUMBRIA. 

An  ancient  British  kingdom 
reaching  from  the  Humber  to 
the  Firth  of  Forth  and  from 
the    North    Sea     westward    to 


the  Celtic  Strathclyde.     It  was 
founded  by  Ida  in  547. 

Harold. 

NORWAY. 

but  came 
As  night  to  him  that  sitting  on  a  hill 
Sees  the  midsummer,  midnight,  Norway  sun 
Set  into  sunrise ;  then  we  moved  away. 

Has  reference  to  the  Aurora 
Borealis,  or  Northern  Lights. 
'The  Princess. 

NORWAY  (King    of).    See   Har- 
drada. 

NORWAY. 

The  northernmost  country  of 
Europe. 

Harold. 

NOTTINGHAM. 

The  Foresters. 

NOX. 

In     Greek     mythology     the 
goddess  of  night. 

Gareth  and  Lynette. 

NUDD. 

Father  of  Edyrn  (q.v). 
Marriage      of      Geraint ; 
Geraint    and   Enid. 

OAF. 

A    changeling    left    by    the 
fairies. 

The  Foresters. 

OAK. 
OAK-TREE. 

A  tree  of  about  300  species. 
Buonaparte  ;  Talking  Oak  ; 
Amphion ;  Lord  of  Bur- 
leigh ;  Aylmer's  Field  ;  The 
Princess ;  Boddicea ;  In 
Memoriam ;  Geraint  and 
Enid  ;  Balin  and  Balan  ; 
Merlin  and  Vivien  ;     Last 


OBA] 


221 


[OLA 


Tournament ;  Hands  all 
Round,  ;  To  Alary  Boyle  ; 
The  Oak  ;  The  Tourney  ; 
Claribel  ;  Gareth  and  Lyn- 
ette ;  The  Cup ;  The 
Foresters. 

OBALISQUE. 

A   name   given    to    a   female 
slave  in  the  Turkish  harem. 
The  Princess. 

OBERON. 

King  of  the  Fairies.  He  is 
one  of  the  characters  in  Shake- 
speare's Midsummer  -  Night's 
Dream. 

The  Foresters. 

ODIN. 

or  Wodin,  the  chief  god  of  the 
Teutonic  tribes.  His  seat  was 
Hlidskialf  in  Asgard  and  he 
held  his  court  in  Walhalla  (q.v.)y 
where  the  warriors  slain  in 
battle  spent  their  future  exist- 
ence. He  was  attended  by  two 
black  ravens,  Hugun  and  Munin, 
representing  Thought  and 
Memory  respectively. 

The  Victim. 

ODO. 

Half-brother  of  William  the 
Conqueror,  who  created  him 
bishop  of  Bayeux  in  1049. 
Accompanied  the  Conqueror  to 
England  and  fought  at  the 
battle  of  Senlac,  for  which 
service  he  was  created  earl  of 
Kent  and  rewarded  with  Dover 
Castle.  During  William's  ab- 
sence from  England  was  viceroy  ; 
built  himself  a  palace  at  Rome, 
and  even  aspired  to  the  pope- 


dom ;  arrested  and  imprisoned 
at  Rouen.  During  the  reign 
of  William  II  he  became  the 
centre  of  conspiracy  and  was 
compelled  to  flee  to  Normandy. 
In  1085  was  present  at  the  pro- 
clamation of  the  first  Crusade 
and  in  the  following  year  ac- 
companied duke  Robert  of 
Normandy  as  a  crusader.  He 
died  at  Palermo  in  1097. 

Harold. 

(ENONE. 

A  nymph  of  Mount  Ida,, 
daughter  of  Kebren,  the  river- 
god,  and  the  wife  of  Paris  (q.v.) 
the  shepherd-prince  of  Troy. 
She  was  endowed  with  the  gift 
of  prophecy  and  told  her  hus- 
band that  his  journey  to  Greece 
would  be  his  ruin.  During 
the  siege  of  Troy  he  was 
wounded  by  an  arrow,  and  sent 
for  (Enone,  but  on  her  arrival 
she  found  him  dead  and  stabbed 
herself  over  the  body. 

And  muffling  up  her  comely  head,  and  crying 
'  Husband  '  she  leapt  upon  the  funeral  pile, 
And  mixt  herself  with  him  and  past  in  fire. 

(Enone  ;  Death  of  (Enone. 
OLAF. 

St.  Olaf,  not  while  I  am  by  !  Come,  come. 
Join  hands,  let  brethren  dwell  in  unity ; 

Olaf  II,  king  of  Norway ; 
wrested  the  throne  of  Norway 
from  Eric  and  Jarl ;  endea- 
voured to  exterminate  paganism 
by  fire  and  sword ;  excited 
disaffection  among  his  subjects y 
who  rebelled,  and  with  the 
assistance  of  Canute  over- 
powered him.  Fled  to  the 
court    of     his     brother-in-law,. 


OLD] 


222 


[OPH 


Jaroslav  of  Russia  ;  by  his  help 
he  tried  to  recover  his  throne, 
but  was  defeated  and  slain  by- 
Canute  at  Stiklestad.  Was 
canonized  in  1164  and  is  the 
patron  saint  of  Norway  (995- 
1030). 

Harold. 

OLDCASTLE     (Sir    John).    See 
Cobham. 

OLDHAM. 

A  farm  labourer. 

Promise  of  May. 

OLEANDER. 

An  evergreen  shrub  having 
clusters  of  beautiful  red  or  white 
flowers. 

The  Daisy. 
OLIVE. 

A  tree  cultivated  in  the  East 
for  its  oily  fruit.  Its  branches 
are  the  emblems  of  peace. 

The  Princess  ;  The  Daisy  ; 
Maud  ;  Frater  Ave  Atque 
Vale. 

OLIVE. 

And  hear  me  swear  a  solemn  oath, 

That  only  by  thy  side 
Will  I  to  Olive  plight  my  troth 

And  gain  her  for  my  bride. 

=  A  girl's  name. 

Talking  Oak. 

OLIVET. 

Mount  of  Olivet  or  Olives, 
also  called  Mount  of  Corrup- 
tion. A  rising  ground  to  the 
east  of  Jerusalem  over  against 
the  Temple  hill,  and  separated 
from  it  by  the  Kidron  valley. 
At  its  summit  is  the  church  of 
the  Ascension,  and  on  its  west 
slope  Gethsemane. 

In  Memoriam. 


OLIVIA. 

Betrothed  to  a  young  English- 
man named  Walter.  During 
his  absence  she  spent  much  of 
her  time  beneath  the  boughs 
of  an  old  oak-tree.  When 
Walter  returned,  the  oak-tree 
— supposed  to  be  gifted  with 
speech — gave  him  an  account  of 
her  doings  during  his  absence. 
In  return  for  the  information 
he  vowed  to  make  for  his  bride 
a  bridal  wreath  of  alternate 
leaf  and  acorn  ball. 

Talking  Oak. 

OLYMPIAN. 

From  out  the  Ghost  of  Pindar  in  you 
Roll'd  an  Olympian ; 

Has  reference  to  an  Olympian 
Ode,  written  by  Pindar  in 
honour  of  the  victors  at  the 
Olympian  games. 

To  Professor  Jebb. 

OMAR. 

that  large  infidel 
Your  Omar ;  and  your  Omar  drew 

Full-handed  plaudits  from  our  best 
In  modem  letters, 

Fitzgerald's  translation  of 
Omar  Khayydmf  the  astronomer 
poet  of  Persia. 

To  E.  Fitzgerald. 

OPHIR. 

but  had  I  brought 
from  Solomon's  now-recover'd  Ophir  all 
The  gold  that  Solomon's  navies  carried  home, 

In  his  fourth  voyage  Colum- 
bus arrived  at  Veragua,  and 
the  amount  of  gold  obtained 
from  the  mines  of  that  district 
led  him  to  believe  that  he  had 
discovered  the  place  from 
which  Solomon  obtained  his  sup- 
plies of  gold.  See  1  Kings  ix.  28. 
Columbus. 


OPP]  223 

OPPIAN  LAW. 

for  on  one  side  arose 
The  women  up  in  wild  revolt,  and  storm'd 
At  the  Oppian  law. 

See  Cato. 

The  Princess. 

ORAN. 

A  port  in  Algeria. 

Ballad,  of  Oriana. 

ORANGE. 

A  tree  of  the  genus  Citrus. 
Queen  Mary ;    Promise    of 
May. 

ORANGE. 

Was  the  capital  of  the  small 
principality  of  Orange  in  France. 
Passed  by  marriage  into  the 
hands  of  the  house  of  Nassau 
in  1 53 1,  and  the  first  Nassau 
prince  of  Orange  was  the  father 
of  William  the  Silent.  The 
principality  was  annexed  by 
France  in  171 3. 

Queen  Mary. 

ORCHIS. 

A  genus  containing  ten  of  the 
British  species  of  orchids. 

In  Memoriam. 

OREAD. 

A  mountain-nymph. 
(Enone  ;  Lucretius  ;  Maud. 

ORIANA. 

Heroine  of  the  Ballad  of 
Oriana.  As  she  stood  on  the 
castle  wall,  watching  her  lover 
go  forth  to  battle,  she  was 
pierced  through  the  heart  by 
an  arrow. 

Ballad  of  Oriana. 

ORIEL. 

She  took  her  thxoo'  I 
She  sat  betwixt  the  shining  Oriels, 
To  sing  her  songs  alone. 


[OUT 

A  recess  in  a  room  with  a 
bay-window. 

Palace  of  Art;  Day- 
Dream  ;  Lancelot  and 
Elaine ;     Holy    Grail. 

ORION. 

In  Greek  mythology  a  giant 
and  hunter,  son  of  Hyrieus. 
He  fell  in  love  with  Merope, 
daughter  of  GEnopion,  but  was 
struck  blind  by  GEnopion  be- 
cause of  his  treatment  of  her, 
but  recovered  his  sight  by  ex- 
posing his  eyeballs  to  the  rays 
of  the  rising  sun.  At  his  death 
he  was  placed  in  the  heavens 
as  a  constellation. 

Canst    thou    bind    the   sweet    influences    of 

Pleiades, 
Or  loose  the  bands  of  Orion  ? 

Job  xxxviii.  31. 

Locksley  Hall ;  Maud. 

ORKNEY. 

A  group  of  islands   north  of 
Scotland. 
Coming  of  Arthur  ;  Harold. 

ORM. 

Father  of  Gamel. 

Harold. 

O'ROON  (Danny).  S^Dan,  Danny 
O'Roon. 

O'SHEA  (Shamus).    See  Shamus, 
Shamus  O'Shea. 

OSIER. 

A  water-willow,  from  withes 
of  which  baskets  are  made. 

Enoch  Arden. 

ODTRAM  (Sir  James). 

Son  of  Benjamin  Outram 
of  Butterley  Hall,  Derbyshire. 
Appointed   in    1840    a    British 


OUZj 


224 


[PAG 


Political   Agent    in    Sind,    and 
distinguished    himself     by    his 
heroic    defence    of   the  British 
Residency  at  Hyderabad.     Ap- 
pointed Chief  Commissioner  of 
Oudh    in    1843,    and    in    1857 
joined  the  Persian   expedition. 
During  his  absence  the  Mutiny 
broke   out,   and   on   his   return 
was    offered    the    commander- 
ship    of    the    Lucknow    Relief 
Force,  but  waived  his  military 
rank  and  acted  as  a  volunteer 
under  Havelock  (q.v.),who  had 
already  fought  eight  victorious 
battles  with  the  rebels.     After 
Lucknow   was    relieved    he    as- 
sumed the  command,  only  to 
be    in    turn    himself    besieged, 
and  relieved  by  sir  Colin  Camp- 
bell.    Was     rewarded    with    a 
baronetcy,  a  pension  of  £1,000 
and  the   Freedom  of  London. 
He  died  at  Paris  in   1863,  and 
was     buried     in     Westminster 
Abbey  where   the   slab  on   his 
grave  bears  the  epitaph  :     The 
Bayard  of  India.     Statues  have 
been  erected  to  his  memory  in 
London  and  Calcutta. 

Defence  of  Lucknow. 

OUZEL. 

One  of  the  several  species  of 
thrushes,  especially  the  black- 
bird. 

Gardener's  Daughter. 

OWL. 

A  bird  that  seeks  its  food  by 
night,  noted  for  its  howling  or 
hooting  noise. 

The      Owl ;      St.     Simeon 

Stylites  ;       The     Princess  ; 


Gareth  and  Lynette  ;  Balin 
and  Balan ;  Lancelot  and 
Elaine  ;  Holy  Grail  ;  Des- 
pair ;  Forlorn. 

OWLBY. 

He'll  niver  swap  Owlby  an'  Scratby  fur  owt 
but  the  Kingdom  o'  Heaven  ; 

Church-warden  and  the  Curate. 

OWLET. 

A  young  owl. 

Leonine  Elegiacs. 

OXFORD. 

A  city  and  capital  of  Oxford- 
shire. It  is  the  seat  of  one  of 
the  English  Universities. 

Queen    Mary ;     Becket ; 
The  Foresters. 

OXLIP. 

A  species  of  primrose. 

talking  Oak. 

PADRE  (Goan).    See  Goan  Padre. 

PADUA. 

A  city  of  Venetia. 

Queen  Mary. 

PffiAN. 

An  ancient  Greek  hymn,  sung 
in  honour  of  Apollo. 

Two  Voices. 

PAGET  (Lord). 

William  Paget,  first  baron ; 
played  a  prominent  part  in  the 
plot  to  set  aside  the  will  of 
Henry  VIII ;  joined  queen 
Jane's  council  on  the  death  of 
Edward  VI,  but  sanctioned  the 
proclamation  of  Mary.  Made 
Lord  Privy  Seal,  but  on  acces- 
sion of  Elizabeth  he  relinquished 
the  office  (1505-1563). 

Queen  Mary. 


PAL] 


225 


[PAL 


PALLAS. 

PALLAS  ATHENE. 

In  Greek  mythology  the  god- 
dess  of   Wisdom,   daughter  of 
Zeus,  identified  with  the  Roman 
Minerva.     She    was    produced 
from    Zeus'    brain    without    a 
mother.     The     story    is     that 
Zeus  in  fear  that  a  son  stronger 
than    himself   would    be    born, 
devoured  his  first  wife  Metis,  but 
Hephaestus   clave  open  his  head 
with  an  axe  and  Athene  sprang 
forth  in  full  armour,  the  god- 
dess of  eternal  virginity.     Her 
powers  were  equal  to  those  of 
Zeus ;      she     could     hurl     the 
thunder  of  Jupiter,  and  bestow 
the  gift  of  prophecy.     A  yearly 
festival,  called  Panathenaea,  was 
founded     in     her     honour     by 
Theseus,  one  of  the  Greek  heroes . 
A  magnificent  temple  called  the 
Parthenon  was  built  on  top  of 
the  Acropolis  at  Athens  in  her 
honour,    and   a    colossal   statue 
wrought  in  ivory  and  gold,  some 
thirty     feet     in     height,     was 
erected.     Her     attributes      are 
the     helmet,     the    lance,     the 
round  shield  with  the  Gorgon's 
head,  the  olive  branch  and  the 
owl.     When    Paris     {q.v)     the 
shepherd-prince    of    Troy    was 
appointed  to   decide  which  of 
the     three     goddesses      (Juno, 
Pallas  Athene,  and  Venus)  was 
the  most  beautiful,  and  to  which 
should  be  awarded  the  golden 
apple,    the    prize     of    beauty, 
Pallas      attempted     to      bribe 
him    by    promising    him    wis- 
dom. 


'  Self-reverence,  self-knowledge,  self-control, 
These  three  alone  lead  life  to  sovereign  power. 
Yet  not  for  power  (power  of  herself 
Would  come  uncall'd  for)  but  to  live  by  law, 
Acting  the  law  we  live  by  without  fear ; 
And,  because  right  is  right,  to  follow  right 
Were  wisdom  in  the  scorn  of  consequence.' 

•  •  • 

Again  she  said  :   '  I  woo  thee  not  with  gifts. 
Sequel  to  guerdon  could  not  alter  me 
To  fairer.     Judge  thou  me  by  what  I  am, 
So  shalt  thou  find  me  fairest. 

*  *  * 

Here  she  ceas'd, 
And  Paris  ponder'd,  and  I  cried, '  O  Paris, 
Give  it  to  Pallas  !  '  but  he  heard  me  not, 
Or  hearing  would  not  hear  me,  woe  is  me  ! 

Paris  decided  in  favour  of 
Venus. 

A  Character  ;  (Enone  ;  The 
Princess  ;  In  Memoriam  ; 
Achilles  over  the  Trench ; 
Tiresias. 

PALM. 
PALM-TREE. 

A  tropical  tree  of  many 
varieties  bearing  at  the  summit 
large  leaves  like  the  palm  of  the 
hand.  A  leaf  of  the  palm, 
anciently  borne  was  a  symbol  of 
victory  or  rejoicing. 

Arabian  Nights  ;  Palace  of 
Art  ;  Lotos  Eaters  ;  *  You 
ask  me  why,1  etc. ;  St. 
Simeon  Stylites ;  Locksley 
Hall  ;  Enoch  Arden  ;  Ayl- 
mer's  Field  ;  The  Princess  ; 
A  Welcome  to  Her  Royal 
Highness  Marie  Alexan- 
drovnaf  Duchess  of  Edin- 
burgh ;  The  Daisy ;  The 
Islet  ;  In  Memoriam  ;  Gar- 
eth  and  Lynette ;  Lover's 
Tale ;  Columbus ;  The 
Wreck  ;  To  Ulysses  ;  Ak- 
bar's  Dream  ;  Harold  ;  The 
Foresters. 

PALMYRENE. 

Zenobia,    wife    of    Bedouin 
Q 


PAN| 


226 


[PAP 


Septimius  Odenathus,  king  of 
Palmyra.  After  her  husband's 
death  she  was  appointed  queen 
and  conquered  Egypt.  She  then 
aimed  at  the  complete  inde- 
pendence of  the  Roman  empire 
but  was  defeated  by  Aurelian 
at  Hemesa,  a.d.  272,  and  herself 
captured.  She  was  taken  to 
Rome,  but  was  presented  by 
Aurelian  with  possessions  at 
Tivoli,  where  she  passed  the 
rest  of  her  life  in  the  society  of 
her  two  sons.  She  was  a  beau- 
tiful woman,  endowed  with 
prudence  and  great  courage. 

The  Princess. 

PAN. 

In  Greek  mythology  the  son 
of  Hermes  and  the  god  of  shep- 
herds. The  Romans  identified 
the  Greek  Pan  with  their  god 
Faunus  (q.v.).  He  is  repre- 
sented with  horns  and  goat's 
feet ;  hence  is  derived  the 
modern  devil  of  Christianity. 
In  Memoriam. 

PANCRATIUS  (St.  Pancras). 

Son  of  a  heathen  noble  of 
Synnada  in  Phrygia.  Being 
taken  to  Rome  he  was  during 
the  persecution  of  Diocletian 
executed,  when  only  fourteen 
years  of  age.  He  is  represented 
as  the  Latin  saint  of  children, 
with  a  sword  in  one  hand  and  a 
palm  in  the  other.  St.  Pan- 
cras Station,  the  terminus  of 
the  Midland  Railway  in  London, 
is  named  from  the  parish  in 
which  it  is  situated. 

Harold. 


PANDORA-BOX. 

This  beggarly  life, 
This  poor,  flat,  hedged-in-field — no  distance 

—this 
Hollow  Pandora-box, 

With  all  the  pleasures  flown,  not  even  Hope 
Left  at  the  bottom ! 

In  Greek  mythology  a  beau- 
tiful woman  whom  Jupiter  in 
order  to  punish  the  human  race 
— because  Prometheus  had 
stolen  the  heavenly  fire — con- 
structed on  earth.  Jupiter 
gave  her  a  box  containing  all 
human  ills  which,  when  opened, 
escaped  and  spread  over  all  the 
earth,  Hope  alone  remaining 
at  the  bottom  of  the  box. 

Promise  of  May. 

PANSY. 

A  species  of  violet. 

Gardener's  Daughter. 

PANTHER. 

A  fierce  spotted  quadruped, 
allied  to  the  leopard. 

(Enone  ;  Death  of  (Enone. 

PAPHIAN. 

Paphos,  a  town  in  Cyprus, 
chiefly  identified  as  a  centre  of 
the  worship  of  Aphrodite,  the 
Greek  goddess  of  love  and 
beauty.  Aphrodite  means '  sea- 
foam  '  and  Paphos  is  the  place 
where  she  is  said  to  have  landed 
after  her  birth  from  the  sea. 
(Enone. 

PAPHLAGONIA. 

Have  you  alliances  ? 
Bithynia,  Pontus,  Paphlagonia  ? 

An  ancient  country  in  Asia 
Minor.  The  country  was  inde- 
pendent under  Persian  and 
Macedonian  rule.  It  passed 
later    to    Pontus     and     subse- 


PAR] 


227 


[PAR 


quently  became  a  Roman  pro- 
vince, B.C.  65. 

The  Cup. 

PARAGUAY. 

A  South  American  state. 

To  Ulysses. 

PARIS. 

He  groan'd,  he  turn'd,  and  in  the  mist  at  once 
Became  a  shadow,  sank  and  disappear'd, 
But,  ere  the  mountain  rolls  into  the  plain, 
Fell  headlong  dead  ;  and  of  the  shepherds  one 
Their  oldest,  and  the  same  who  first  had  found 
Paris,  a  naked  babe,  among  the  woods 
Of  Ida,  following  lighted  on  him  there, 
And  shouted,  and  the  shepherds  heard  and 
came. 

Son  of  Priam  and  Hecuba, 
king  and  queen  of  Troy.  When 
an  infant  his  mother  dreamed 
that  she  saw  a  flaming  brand 
in  the  cradle  where  the  child 
lay.  Hecuba,  very  anxious  to 
know  the  meaning  of  the  dream, 
decided  to  ask  an  oracle  to 
explain  it,  and  was  informed 
that  the  child  was  destined  to 
bring  destruction  on  his  native 
city.  To  escape  this  calamity 
Paris  was  carried  away  to  a 
forest  to  die  of  hunger,  but 
was  found  by  shepherds  who 
brought  him  up,  hence  he  is 
called  the  shepherd-prince  of 
Troy.  He  married  (Enone, 
daughter  of  the  river-god 
Kebren,  but  was  afterwards 
rewarded  by  Venus  with  the 
love  of  the  beautiful  Helen  of 
Sparta  whom  he  carried  off  to 
Greece  and  which  led  to  the 
Trojan  War.  The  story  is, 
that  on  the  occasion  of  the 
marriage  of  Peleus  and  Thetis, 
Eris  the  goddess  of  strife  was 
the  only  goddess  not  invited 
to  the  wedding,  and  to  show 


her  displeasure  threw  among 
the  guests  a  golden  apple  on 
which  was  written  '  For  the 
fairest.'  The  three  goddesses 
(Juno,  Pallas  Athene,  and 
Venus),  each  claimed  the  apple, 
and  Paris  was  appointed  to  judge 
which  of  the  three  was  the  most 
beautiful.  On  appearing  be- 
fore Paris  they  each  made 
attempts  to  bribe  him  in  order 
to  gain  the  verdict.  Juno  pro- 
mised  him   sovereignty  : 

She  to  Paris  made 
Proffer  of  ample  power,  ample  rule 
Unquestion'd,  overflowing  revenue 
Wherewith  to  embellish  state,  *  from  many  a 

vale 
And  river-sunder'd  champaign  clothed  with 

corn, 
Or  labour'd  mine  undrainable  of  ore. 

*  *  * 

Still  she  spake  on  and  still  she  spake  of  power, 
'  Which  in  all  action  is  the  end  of  all ; 
Power  fitted  to  the  season  ;  wisdom- bred 
And  throned  of  wisdom — from  all  neighbour 

crowns 
Alliance  and  allegiance,  till  thy  hand 
Fail  from  the  sceptre-staff. 

Pallas  Athene  promised  him 
wisdom  : 

'  Self-reverence,    self-knowledge,   self-control, 
These  three  alone  lead  life  to  sovereign  power. 
Yet  not  for  power  (power  of  herself 
Would  come  uncall'd  for)  but  to  live  by  law, 
Acting  the  law  we  live  by  without  fear ; 
And,  because  right  is  right,  to  follow  right 
Were  wisdom  in  the  scorn  of  consequence.' 
»  *  » 

Again  she  said  : '  I  woo  thee  not  with  gifts, 
Sequel  of  guerdon  could  not  alter  me 
To  fairer.    Judge  thou  me  by  what  I  am, 
So  shalt  thou  find  me  fairest. 

*  *  * 

'  Here  she  ceas'd, 
And  Paris  ponder'd,  and  I  cried,  '  O  Paris, 
Give  it  to  Pallas  ! '  but  he  heard  me  not, 
Or  hearing  would  not  hear  me,  woe  is  me ! 

Venus  promised  him  the 
fairest  woman  in  Greece  for  his 
wife  : 

Idalian  Aphrodite  beautiful, 

Fresh  as  the  foam,  new-bathed  in  Paphian 

wells, 
With  rosy  slender  fingers  backward  drew 
From  her  warm  brows  and  bosom  her  deep 

hair 
Ambrosial,  golden  round  her  lucid  throat 
And  shoulder ;  from  the  violets  her  light  foot 
Shone  rosy-white,  and  o'er  her  rounded  form 


PAR] 


228 


[PAS 


Between  the  shadows  of  the  vine- bunches 
Floated  the  glowing  sunlights,  as  she  moved. 
*  »  * 

She  with  a  subtle  smile  in  her  mild  eyes, 
The  herald  of  her  triumph,  drawing  nigh 
Half-whisper'd  in  his  ear,  '  I  promise  thee 
The  fairest  and  most  loving  wife  in  Greece,' 
She  spoke  and  laugh'd  :  I  shut  my  sight  for 

fear : 
But  when  I  look'd,  Paris  had  raised  his  arm, 
And  I  beheld  great  Here's  angry  eyes, 
As  she  withdrew  into  the  golden  cloud, 
And  I  was  left  alone  within  the  bower  ; 
And  from  that  time  to  this  I  am  alone, 
And  I  shall  be  alone  until  I  die. 

Paris  handed  the  apple  to 
Venus.  Subsequently  during  a 
visit  to  Sparta  he  abused  the 
hospitality  of  Menelaos,  for 
during  his  absence  in  Crete 
Paris  eloped  with  Helen.  To 
avenge  this  insult  Menelaos 
laid  siege  to  the  city  of  Troy, 
and  fought  a  single  combat  with 
Paris,  whom  he  defeated,  and 
who  would  have  perished  had 
not  Venus  interfered.  In  a 
succeeding  battle  Paris  slew 
Achilles,  the  most  famous  of 
all  the  Greek  heroes  in  the  war, 
but  on  the  fall  of  the  city,  being 
himself  mortally  wounded  by  a 
poisoned  arrow  of  Philocteles, 
he  sent  for  (Enone  whom  he 
had  abandoned,  but  upon  her 
arrival  she  found  him  dead,  and 
in  despair  threw  herself  upon 
his  body  and  stabbed  herself. 
(Enone  ;  Death  of  (Enone. 

PARIS  (city  of). 

Locksley  Hall  Sixty  Tears 
After  ;  Romney's  Remorse  ; 
The  Dawn. 

PARMA. 

An  Italian  town. 

The  Daisy. 

PARNASSUS. 

The  highest  peak  of  a  range  of 


mountains  in  Greece,  dedicated 
to  the  Muses,  Apollo  and  Bac- 
chus. 

In  Memoriam. 
PARROT. 

One  of  a  family  of  tropical 
birds,  remarkable  for  its  beauti- 
ful plumage,  and  its  powers  of 
imitating  the  human  voice. 

Locksley     Hall  ;     Day- 
Dream  ;  The  Princess. 

PARTHENON. 

O  thou  so  fair  in  summers  gone, 
While  yet  thy  fresh  and  virgin  soul 

Inform'd  the  pillar'd  Parthenon, 
The  glittering  Capitol ; 

A  celebrated  temple  on  the 
Acropolis  at  Athens,  built  under 
Pericles  and  dedicated  B.C.  438 
to  Athena.  It  is  considered  the 
finest  specimen  of  Greek  archi- 
tecture extant.  A  gold  and 
ivory  statue  of  the  goddess 
Athene  stands  in  the  midst 
of  the  Parthenon. 

Freedom. 

PARTHIAN. 

The  last  Parthian  shaft  of  a  forlorn  Cupid 
at  the  King's  left  breast,  and  all  left-handed- 
ness  and  under- handedness. 

An  arrow  discharged  at  an 
enemy  when  retreating  from 
him,  as  was  the  custom  of 
the  ancient  Parthians. 

Becket. 

PARTRIDGE. 

A  wild  gallinaceous  bird  of 
the  genus  Perdrix.  It  is  noted 
as  a  game  bird. 

Lover's  Tale. 

PASSION-FLOWER. 

A  flower  so-called  from  a 
fanciful  resemblance  to  a  crown 


PAU] 


229 


[PEL 


of     thorns,     the     emblem     of 
Christ's  passion. 
Maud  ;   Voyage  of  Maeldune. 

PAUL. 

Saint  Paul,  the  apostle  of  the 
Gentiles. 

Godiva  ;  In  Memoriam  ; 
Sir  John  Oldcastle,  Lord 
Cobham  ;  Queen  Mary. 

PAUL    THE    FOURTH     (Pope). 
See  Caraffa. 

PAUL'S. 

Right  down  by  smoky  Paul's  they  bore, 
Till,  where  the  street  grows  straiter, 

One  fix'd  for  ever  at  the  door, 
And  one  became  head-waiter. 

=  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  Lon- 
don. Founded  by  Ethelbert. 
In  Roman  times  a  temple  of 
Diana  is  believed  to  have  stood 
on  the  site,  as  a  stone  altar 
sculptured  with  the  image  of 
Diana  was  found  during  the 
excavations  for  the  foundations 
of  Goldsmith's  hall,  in  1830. 
Destroyed  by  fire  1087,  an(^ 
again  in  the  great  fire  of  1666 ; 
rebuilt  by  Sir  Christopher  Wren 
1675-1710. 

Will    Waterproofs    Lyrical 
Monologue. 

*  PEACE,  BE  STILL  !  ' 

and  while  I  spoke 
The  crowd's  roar  fell  as  at  the '  Peace  be  still ! ' 

Has  reference  to  the  words 
of  Christ  in  the  storm  on  the 
Sea  of  Galilee. 

Columbus. 

PAYNIM. 

=  Pagan. 

Balin  and  Balan ;  Holy 
Grail ;     Last    Tournament. 


PEACH. 

A  tree  with  a  delicious  juicy 
fruit. 

Progress    of    Spring ;     The 
Falcon. 

PEACOCK. 

A  large  bird  of  the  pheasant 
kind  remarkable  for  the  beauty 
of  its  plumage,  especially  that 
of  its  tail. 

(Enone  ;  Day-Dream  ;  The 

Princess  ;      The      Daisy  ; 

Maud;  Gareth  and  Lynette  ; 

Queen  Mary. 

PEACOCK- YEWTREE. 

A  yewtree  clipped  into  the 
shape  of  a  peacock. 

Enoch  Arden. 

PEA-HEN. 

The  female  of  the  peacock. 
The  Falcon. 

PEELE. 

A  goddess  who  had  her  home 
in  a  great  lake  of  fire  nine  miles 
round  —  Kilauea  —  {q-v)  the 
largest  active  volcano  in  the 
world. 

Kapiolani. 

peleKan  banquet-hall. 

The  Abominable,  that  uninvited  came 
Into  the  fair  Pelei'an  banquet-hall. 

The  banquet -hall  in  which 
the  guests  at  the  marriage  of 
Peleus  and  Thetis  assembled, 
and  where  Eris  the  goddess  of 
strife  threw  among  the  guests 
the  golden  apple  of  discord. 
(Enone. 

PELEION. 

unweariable  fire 
That  always  o'er  the  great  Peleion's  head 
Buru'd, 


PEL] 

=  Achilles,  so-called  because 
he  was  the  son  of  Peleus. 

Achilles  over  the  Trench. 

PELEUS. 

'  This  was  cast  upon  the  board, 
When  all  the  full-faced  presence  of  the  Gods 
Ranged  in  the  halls  of  Peleus  ;  whereupon 
Rose  feud,  with  question  unto  whom   'twere 
due; 

Has  reference  to  the  marriage 
of  Peleus  with  the  sea-nymph 
Thetis,  and  where  Eris  the  god- 
dess of  discord  threw  the  golden 
apple  among  the  guests,  to  show 
her  resentment  at  not  being  in- 
vited. 

(Enone. 
PELICAN. 

I  saw 
The  pelican  on  the  casque  of  our  Sir  Bors 
All  in  the  middle  of  the  rising  moon  : 

The  pelican  used  as  a  crest 
was  a  symbol  of  devotion  to  a 
kinsman. 

Holy  Grail. 

PELLAM. 

King  of  Listengise.  He  gave 
a  feast  to  all  the  knights  of  the 
Round  Table  and  their  ladies ; 
and  they  all  rose  from  the  table 
and  attacked  Balin  for  having 
slain  sir  Galon,  Pellam  himself 
being  wounded  by  a  miraculous 
spear  but  was  healed  of  the 
wound  by  sir  Galahad. 

Balin  and  Balan. 

PELLEAS. 

A  Knight  of  the  Round  Table, 
created  to  fill  one  of  the  gaps 
made  by  the  quest  of  the  Holy 
Grail,  and  lord  of  many  Isles. 
Fell  in  love  with  the  lady 
Ettarre  {q.v .)  but  the  lady  did 
not  return  his  love.      For  some 


230  [PEM 

time  was  knight  to  queen 
Guinevere.  Was  slain  by  sir 
Meliagrance  in  defending  his 
mistress. 

Pelleas  and  Ettarre. 
PEMBROKE  (Earl  of). 

Sir  William  Herbert,  first 
earl  Pembroke ;  son  of  sir 
Richard  Herbert.  Became  a 
gentleman-pensioner  in  1526. 
For  having  killed  a  mercer  in  a 
fracas  escaped  to  France  and 
joined  the  French  army ;  re- 
turning, he  married  Anne,  sister 
of  Henry  VIII's  sixth  queen,  and 
at  once  rose  in  royal  favour.  At 
the  dissolution  of  the  mon- 
asteries he  received  the  Abbey 
of  Wilton,  destroyed  the  monas- 
tic building  and  built  a  magnifi- 
cent mansion.  Further  grants 
of  land  were  made  him  by 
Henry  VIII  and  Edward  VI. 
On  the  outbreak  of  the  quarrel 
between  Somerset  and  Warwick 
Pembroke  sided  with  the  latter 
for  which  he  was  suitably  re- 
warded, receiving  Somerset's 
estates  in  Wiltshire.  He  signed 
the  agreement  for  the  succession 
of  lady  Jane  Grey  to  the  throne, 
and  was  with  her  at  the  Tower 
of  London,  but  later  he  declared 
in  favour  of  Mary  and  accom- 
panied the  Lord  Mayor  of 
London  to  Cheapside  to  read 
the  proclamation.  On  the  out- 
break of  the  Wyatt  rebellion — 
although  his  loyalty  was  re- 
garded as  suspicious — was  ap- 
pointed chief  in  command  of 
the  army  to  resist  Wyatt's 
entry    into    London,    but    his 


PEN] 


231 


[PER 


troops  made  such  a  feeble  resist- 
ance that  Wyatt  succeeded  in 
entering  the  city.  He  intro- 
duced into  the  royal  presence 
the  Spanish  ambassador  who 
came  to  represent  Philip  at  the 
formal  betrothal  of  the  Queen, 
and  on  the  arrival  of  Philip  met 
him  at  Southampton,  and  was 
one  of  the  four  peers  who  gave 
Mary  away  at  the  wedding 
in  Winchester  Cathedral.  Al- 
though a  great  favourite  with 
both  Mary  and  Philip  his  loyalty 
was  regarded  from  time  to  time 
with  such  suspicion  that  Mary 
was  advised  to  place  him  under 
arrest.  Immediately  upon 
Mary's  death,  Pembroke  went 
to  Hatfield  and  attended  Eliza- 
beth's first  Privy  Council,  and 
zealously  supported  a  protestant 
revival.  Appointed  Lord  Stew- 
ard of  the  royal  household  in 
1568,  he  compromised  his  posi- 
tion by  supporting  the  proposed 
marriage  of  the  duke  of  Nor- 
folk with  Mary,  queen  of  Scots, 
and  was  arrested,  admitted 
sympathy  with  the  scheme  but 
denied  the  charge  of  disloyalty. 
He  died  in  1570,  and  was  buried 
in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral. 

Queen  Mary. 
PENDRAGON. 

A  title  —  meaning  '  chief 
leader  in  war  ' — conferred  upon 
several  British  chiefs  in  times  of 
distress.  Uther  and  Arthur 
were  each  appointed  to  the 
office  to  repel  the  Saxon  in- 
vaders. 

Lancelot  and  Elaine. 


PENDRAGONSHIP. 

Has  reference  to  the  title 
of  Pendragon  (q.v .). 

Guinevere. 

PENElAN. 

The  long  divine  Peneian  pass, 
The  vast  Akrokeraunian  walls, 

The  river  Peneus  in  Thessaly 
which  flows  through  a  narrow 
pass,  and  is  extremely  beautiful 
on  account  of  the  precipitous 
rocks  on  either  side. 

To  E.  L. 

PENENDEN  HEATH. 

but  ten  thousand  men  on  Penenden  Heath 
all  calling  after  your  worship, 

Pennenden  Heath.  Ori- 
ginally a  large  common  near 
Maidstone  in  Kent.  In  Saxon 
times  the  Witenagemot  was 
held  here,  since  which  time  it 
has  been  the  meeting  place  for 
large  and  important  gatherings. 
A  large  portion  of  the  com- 
mon has  now  been  built  upon, 
and  part  is  now  used  as  a  public 
recreation  ground  under  the 
control  of  the  Maidstone  Cor- 


poration. 


PENUEL. 


Queen  Mary. 


Past  Yabbok  brook  the  livelong  night, 
And  heaven's  mazed  signs  stood  still 
In  the  dim  tract  of  Penuel. 

Clear-headed  Friend. 


PERCIVALE. 

A  Knight  of  the  Round  Table, 
son  of  Pellinore,  king  of  Wales. 
In  Lancelot  and  Elaine  he  is 
called  '  the  meek  Sir  Percivale  ' 
and  in  the  Holy  Grail  is  known 
as  '  the  Pure  '  and  is  hailed  as 
the  guardian  of  the  Holy  Grail  t 


PER] 


232 


[PET 


And  the  angelic  choir  sang  in  jubilant  tones  : 
'  Hail  to  thee  Percival,  king  of  the  Grail ! 
Seemingly  lost  for  ever, 
Now  thou  art  blest  for  ever. 
Hail  to  thee  Percival,  king  of  the  Grail ! ' 
Wagner  :  Epics  and  Romances  of  the  Middle 
Ages  (Trans,  by  M.  W.  Macdowall). 

Sir  Percivale  accompanied  sir 
Galahad  and  sir  Bors  in  the 
quest  of  the  Holy  Grail  and  was 
present  when  it  appeared,  but 
whether  he  was  permitted  to 
see  it  with  his  bodily  eyes  is 
not  known.  Some  authorities 
consider  that  sir  Galahad  only 
saw  the  vision,  while  others 
•contend  that  both  sir  Galahad 
and  sir  Percivale  beheld  the 
holy  vessel,  after  which  Perci- 
vale withdrew  into  a  hermitage 
and  spent  the  rest  of  his  life  in 
prayer. 

Sir  Percivale 
Whom  Arthur  and  his  knighthood  call'd  The 

Pure, 
Has  pass'd  into  the  silent  life  of  prayer, 
Praise,  fast,  and  alms  ;  and  leaving  for  the  cowl 
The  helmet  in  an  abbey  far  away 
From  Camelot,  there,  and  not  long  after,  died 

Merlin  and    Vivien ;    Lan- 
celot   and    Elaine ;      Holy 
Grail  ;   Pelleas  and  Ettarre. 
PERSEPHONE. 

In  Greek  mythology  the 
daughter  of  Jupiter  and  Deme- 
ter,  and  queen  of  the  lower 
world.  As  a  maiden  she  was 
carried  off,  while  plucking 
flowers  in  Enna,  into  the  lower 
world  by  Pluto  in  his  car,  and 
is  represented  sitting  on  an 
■ebony  throne  wearing  a  crown. 

or  the  enthroned 
Persephone  in  Hades, 

She  married  Pluto  and  be- 
came the  mother  of  the  Furies. 
In  Italian  mythology  she  is 
identified  with  Proserpine. 

The  Princess  ;  Demeter  and 
Persephone. 


PERSIA. 

An  Asiatic  country. 
Alexander  ;  Lover's  Tale. 

PERSIAN  GIRL. 

Then  stole  I  up,  and  trancedly 
Gazed  on  the  Persian  girl  alone, 

=  Anis  al-Jalis,  in  Burton's 
Arabian  Nights. 

Recollections  of  the  Arabian 
Nights. 

PERU. 

Queen  Mary. 
PETER. 

=  Saint  Peter,  one  of  the 
twelve  Apostles. 

Godiva  ;  Gareth  and  Lyn- 
ette  ;  To  E.  Fitzgerald  ; 
Locksley  Hall  Sixty  Tears 
After ;  Queen  Mary ; 
Harold  ;  Becket. 

PETER. 

Then  of  the  latest  fox — where  started — kill'd 
In  such  a  bottom  : '  Peter  had  the  brush, 
My  Peter,  first : ' 

A  character  at  a  meeting 
of  the  hounds. 

Aylmer's  Field. 

PETER. 

The  Eternal  Peter  of  the  changeless  chair, 

=  Pope  of  Rome. 

Queen  Mary. 

PETER  (Peter  Martyr). 

Pietro  Martire  Vermigli,  born 
at  Florence  1550.  Was  an 
Augustinian  monk,  but  became 
a  convert  to  the  reformed 
faith,  and  in  consequence  had 
to  flee  from  Italy  in  1542.  Pro- 
fessor of  Divinity  at  Strasburg 
1542-7,  and  at  Oxford  in  1548  ; 
returned  to  Strasburg  in  1553, 
and  became  Professor  of  Divin- 


PET] 


233 


ity  in  the  following  year  ;  died 
at  Zurich  in  1562. 

Peter,  I'll  swear  for  him 
He  did  believe  the  bond  incestuous. 

Queen  Mary. 
PETERBORO' 

Abbot  Alfwig, 
Leofric,  and  all  the  monks  of  Peterboro' 
Strike  for  the  king; 

Harold. 

PETER  CAREW. 

Son  of  sir  William  Carew. 
In  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII  was 
sheriff  of  Devonshire.  On  the 
death  of  Edward  VI  he  opposed 
the  succession  of  lady  Jane 
Grey  and  proclaimed  Mary  as 
queen  in  the  West.  Con- 
spired against  the  Spanish 
marriage  and  the  plot  being 
discovered  escaped  to  the  con- 
tinent. Passing  through  Ant- 
werp he  was  arrested  by  lord 
Paget,  sent  back  to  England, 
and  confined  in  the  Tower. 
On  the  accession  of  Elizabeth 
he  rose  in  favour,  and  was  Con- 
stable of  the  Tower  in  1572, 
when  the  duke  of  Norfolk  was 
convicted  for  treason.  The 
latter  part  of  his  life  was  spent 
in  recovering  his  property  in 
Ireland.  He  died  in  1575,  and 
was  buried  in  the  church  at 
Waterford. 

Queen  Mary. 

PETERS. 

Gentleman  to  lord  Howard. 
Queen  Mary. 

PETER'S-PENCE. 

An  annual  tribute  of  one 
penny  paid  to  support  the  pope. 
Presented  by  Ina  of  the  West- 


[PEW 

Saxons  for  the  endowment  ot 
an  English  College  at  Rome, 
725,  it  was  confirmed  by  Offa, 
777,  and  afterwards  claimed 
by  the  pope  as  a  tribute  from 
England  and  collected  regularly 
until  its  abolition  by  Henry 
VIII  in  1534. 

Talking  Oak. 

PETHER. 

An'  tell  thim  in  Hiven  about  Molly  Magee 

an'  her  Danny  O'Roon, 
Till  Holy  St.  Pether  gets  up  wid  his  kays  an* 

opens  the  gate  ! 

=  St.  Peter. 

Tomorrow. 

PEVENSEY. 
PEVENSEY  CASTLE. 

A  village  in  Sussex  on  the 
English  Channel  twelve  miles 
from  Hastings.  It  was  in  the 
bay  of  this  little  village  that 
William,  duke  of  Normandy, 
landed  with  his  army  on  Septem- 
ber 28,  1066.  The  Romans 
built  here  a  castle — now  in 
ruins — the  fortress  of  which 
was  of  great  strength.  It  with- 
stood for  six  days  the  attack 
of  the  army  of  Rufus  against 
Odo,  bishop  of  Bayeux  ;  king 
Stephen  and  Simon  de  Mont- 
fort  besieged  it  unsuccessfully  ; 
but  it  was  again  successfully 
defended  by  lady  Jane  Pelham 
in  1399.  The  castle  remained 
a  fortress  until  the  time  of 
Elizabeth. 

Harold  ;  Becket. 

PEWIT. 

=The  lapwing. 

Will    Waterproofs    Lyrical 
Monologue. 


PHA] 


234 


[PHI 


PHARAOH. 

May  Pharaoh's  darkness,  folds  as  dense  as 

those 
Which  hid  the  Holiest  from  the  people's  eyes 
Ere  the  great  death,  shroud  this  great  sin  from 

all! 

See  Exodus  x.  21-23. 

Aylmer's  Field. 
PHAROS. 

but  had  you  stood  by  us, 
The  roar  that  breaks  the  Pharos  from  his  base 
Had  left  us  rock. 

An  island  near  Alexandria  on 
which  a  lighthouse  was  erected 
by  Ptolemy  I,  B.C.  250. 

The  Princess. 

PHENOMENON. 

Name  of  a  horse. 

The  Brook. 

PHILIBERT. 
PHILIBERT  OF  SAVOY. 

Emanuel  Philibert,  duke  of 
Savoy,   born    1528,    succeeded 

1553  ;  died  1580. 

Queen  Mary. 

PHILIP. 

A  priest. 

Queen  Mary. 

PHILIP. 

King  of  Naples  and  Sicily, 
afterwards  king  of  Spain,  son 
of  the  emperor  Charles  V.     In 

1554  married  Mary,  queen  of 
England  in  Winchester  Cathe- 
dral, and  became  unpopular. 
In  the  following  year  left  Eng- 
land in  disappointment  that 
an  expected  heir  was  not  born 
to  him  ;  resolved  to  extirpate 
protestantism  in  his  dominions, 
and  employed  sword  and  fire 
with  bitterness ;  the  Nether- 
lands however  resisted  the  attack 
and  succeeded  in  throwing  off 
the  Spanish  yoke  ;    made  over- 


tures to  queen  Elizabeth,  but 
was  refused  and  in  1559  married 
Isabella,  daughter  of  the  king 
of  France.  In  1588  he  sent  his 
'  Invincible '  Armada  against 
England,  which  was  almost  to- 
tally destroyed,  the  defeat  of 
which  marked  the  beginning  of 
the  decline  of  Spain.  The 
only  praise  that  can  be  accorded 
to  this  tyrant  is  that  he  gave 
a  certain  amount  of  encourage- 
ment to  the  advancement  of 
the  Arts  and  Sciences  (1527- 
1598). 

Queen  Mary. 
PHILIP. 

And  following  our  own  shadows  thrice  as  long 
As  when  they  follow'd  us  from  Philip's  door, 
Arrived  and  found  the  sun  of  sweet  content 
Re-risen  in  Katie's  eyes,  and  all  things  well 

Father   of    Katie   Willows. 
The  Brook. 
PHILIP. 

PHILIP  RAY.    See  Enoch,  Enoch 
Arden. 

PHILIP  (de  Eleemosyna). 

Pope's  Almoner  ;  called  the 
Abbot  of  l'Aumone ;  was  of 
the  Cistercian  order. 

Becket. 

PHILIP  (Philip  Edgar,  afterwards 
Mr.  Harold).    See  Eva. 

Promise  of  May. 

PHILIP  EDGAR  (afterwards  Mr. 
Harold).    See  Eva. 

Promise  of  May. 

PHILIP  HAROLD  (Philip  Edgar). 
See  Eva. 

Promise  of  May. 

PHILIP  HEDGAR  (Edgar). 
See  Eva. 

Promise  of  May. 


PHI] 


235 


[PHR 


PHILIPPINES. 

An  archipelago,  lying  between 
the  China  Sea  in  the  west,  and 
the  Pacific   Ocean  in  the  east. 
Queen  Mary. 

PHLEGETHON. 

That  oft  had  seen  the  serpent- wanded  power 
Draw  downward  into  Hades  with  his  drift 
Of  flickering  spectres,  lighted  from  below 
By  the  red  race  of  fiery  Phlegethon : 

In  Greek  mythology  a  river 
of  hell. 

Demeter  and  Persephone. 

PHCEBE. 

A  priestess  in  the  temple  of 
Artemis,  along  with  Camma. 
Camma's  husband  Sinnatus  was 
slain  by  Synorix.  Camma 
married  Synorix,  and  seemed 
to  have  no  fear  of  him.  Phoebe 
reminded  her  of  the  shyness 
with  which  she  faced  her  first 
marriage,  and  was  horrified  to 
think  that  Camma  should  marry 
and  '  clasp  a  hand  Red  with  the 
blood  of  Sinnatus  ?  '  but  she 
endured  it  all  that  she  might 
pass  to  Sinnatus  on  the  other 
side  of  Death,  and  tell  him  that 
he  was  avenged. 

The  Cup. 

PHOSPHOR. 

Bright  Phosphor,  fresher  for  the  night, 
By  thee  the  world's  great  work  is  heard 
Beginning,  and  the  wakeful  bird ; 

Behind  thee  comes  the  greater  light : 

The  light-bringer  or  morning 
star. 

In  Memoriam. 

PHOSPHORUS. 

The  personification  of  the 
'  Morning-star.'  The  name  of 
a  knight — one  of  four  brothers 
— who     kept    the    passages    of 


Castle  Perilous  where  the  lady 
Lyonors  was  held  captive,  and 
who  was  overthrown  by  sir 
Gareth. 

Gareth  and  Lynette. 

PHRA-BAT. 

The  footstep  of  the  Lord  on 
a  rock.    See  Phra-Chai. 

To  Ulysses. 

PHRA-CHAI. 

The  shadow  of  the  Lord. 
Certain  obscure  markings  on 
a  rock  in  Siam,  which  express 
the  image  of  Buddha  to  the 
Buddhist  more  or  less  dis- 
tinctly according  to  the  faith 
and  his  moral  worth. — Poet's 
Note. 

To  Ulysses. 

PHRYNE. 

Becket.    Where,  my  liege  ?    With'Phryne, 
Or  Lias,  or  thy  Rosamund,  or  another  ? 

Has  reference  to  Phryne,  a 
Greek  courtesan.  On  account 
of  her  beauty  she  obtained 
numerous  suitors  who  lavished 
gifts  upon  her  so  freely  that 
she  became  exceedingly  rich. 
She  was  a  model  to  Praxiteles 
for  his  statue  of  Venus.  Being 
accused  of  profanity  she  was 
brought  before  the  Tribunal, 
and  was  defended  by  Hyperides, 
one  of  her  lovers ;  but  seeing 
that  the  eloquence  of  Hyperides 
failed  to  convince  the  judges, 
she  exposed  her  person,  and 
was  immediately  acquitted, 
and  carried  in  triumph  to  the 
temple  of  Venus. 

Becket. 


PIA] 


236 


[PIL 


PIACENZA. 

An  old  Italian  city. 

The  Daisy. 

PICUS. 

■  But  who  was  he,  that  in  the  garden  snared 
Picus  and  Faunus,  rustic  Gods  ? 

King  of  Latium,  son  of 
Saturn,  and  the  Italian  god  of 
agriculture.  He  married  the 
nymph  Canens,  and  became 
the  father  of  Faunus.  When 
out  hunting  in  the  woods  one 
day  he  was  met  by  Circe,  who 
changed  him  into  a  woodpecker, 
because  he  rejected  her  love 
and  was  faithful  to  Canens. 

Lucretius. 

PIERIAN. 

If  the  lips  were  touch'd  with  fire  from  off  a 
pure  Pierian  altar, 

A  regular  epithet  for  the 
muses. 

Parnassus. 
PIERO. 

Piero  was  cruelly  murdered 
by  the  captain  of  a  band  of 
highwaymen.  The  reason  given 
by  his  wife  for  such  an  outrage 
is 

1  the  Bandit  had  woo'd  me  in  vain,  and  he 
stabb'd  my  Piero  with  this. 

The  bandit  dragged  the 
woman  to  his  cave  in  the  moun- 
tain, where  she  lived  in  hatred 
of  her  husband's  murderer, 
crying  to  the  saints  to  avenge. 
On  the  birth  of  a  son,  however, 
there  seemed  to  be  a  little  less 
hatred  between  them.  Being 
tracked  by  the  police,  the  bandit 
accidentally  strangled  the  child 
as  he  utter'd  a  cry.  The 
woman's  loathing  revived,  she 
stabbed   him   as   he   slept,   put 


the  head  in  a  cloth,  and  set  out 
to  receive  the  promised  ransom. 

You  have  set  a  price  on  his  head  :  I  may  claim 
it  without  a  lie. 

*  *  * 

For  I  with  this  dagger  of  his — do  you  doubt 
me  ?     Here  is  his  head  ! 

Bandit's  Death. 
PIERO. 

The  dead  lover  of  Elisabetta, 
nurse  to  Count  Federigo  degli 
Alberighi.  Elisabeth  remon- 
strated with  the  count  for 
his  extravagance  towards  the 
lady  Giovanni  for  whom  he  had 
bought  a  diamond  necklace,  and 
pointing  to  her  own  said  : 

they  are  but  blue  beads — my  Piero, 
God  rest  his  honest  soul,  he  brought  'em  for 

me, 
Ay,  but  he  knew  I  meant  to  marry  him. 

The  Falcon. 

PIGEON. 

A  well-known  bird  of  the 
genus  Columba. 

Audley  Court  ;   The  Brook  ; 
Gareth  and  Lynette. 

PIKE. 

A  large  fresh-water  fish. 
Village  Wife. 

PILATE. 

Pontius  Pilate. 

Becket. 

PILGRIM'S  PROGRESS. 

More  like  the  picture 
Of  Christian  in  my  '  Pilgrim's  Progress  '  here 
Bow'd  to  the  dust  beneath  the  burthen  of  sin. 

An  allegory  by  John  Bunyan, 
recounting  the  adventures  of 
the  hero  Christian  in  journey- 
ing from  the  City  of  Destruction 
to  the  heavenly  Jerusalem.  It 
was  written  by  Bunyan  during 
his  imprisonment  in  Bedford 
jail,  between  1660  and  1672. 
Promise  of  May. 


PIN] 


237 


[POI 


PINDAR. 

Fair  things  are  slow  to  fade  away, 
Bear  witness  you,  that  yesterday 

From  out  the  Ghost  of  Pindar  in  you 
Roll'd  an  Olympian  ; 

The  greatest  lyric  poet  of 
Greece. 

To  Processor  J  ebb. 

PINE. 

A    cone-bearing    evergreen 
tree. 

Leonine  Elegiacs ;  Two 
Voices ;  CEnone ;  Lotos- 
Eaters  ;  Amphion ;  The 
Voyage  ;  Aylmer's  Field  ; 
Lucretius  ;  The  Princess  ; 
Ode  on  the  death  of  the  Duke 
of  Wellington  ;  A  Welcome 
to  Her  Royal  Highness 
Marie  Alexandrovna,  Duch- 
ess of  Edinburgh ;  The 
Daisy ;  To  Rev.  F.  D. 
Maurice  ;  The  Islet  ;  The 
Window ;  Maud ;  Gareth 
and  Lynette  ;  Lover's  Tale  ; 
Voyage  of  Maeldune ;  To 
Ulysses  ;  Progress  of  Spring; 
Death  of  CEnone  ;  Bandit's 
Death ;  Queen  Mary  ; 
Becket ;  The  Cup. 

PLANE. 

=  a  tree  of  the  genus  Platanus. 
Lucretius  ; 
The  Princess  ;  The    Cup. 

PLANTAGENET. 

What  songs  below  the  waning  stars 
The  lion-heart,  Plantagenet, 
Sang  looking  thro'  his  prison  bars  ? 

Refers  to  the  songs  supposed 
to    have    been    composed    by 
Richard  I  during  his  captivity. 
Margaret. 

PLANTAGENET. 

A  line  of  English  kings  who 


reigned  from  the  extinction 
of  the  Norman  line  to  the 
accession  of  the  Tudor,  1154- 
1485.    See  Geoffrey. 

Queen  Mary  ;  The  Foresters, 

PLANTAIN. 

A     common     weed,     with 
broad,  strong  leaves. 

Aylmer's  Field. 

PLATO. 

A  Greek  philosopher,  427-347 

B.C. 

Palace  of  Art  ;  Lucretius  ; 
The  Princess ;  Sisters 
{Evelyn  and  Edith). 

PLEIADS. 

A  cluster  of  seven  stars ;  ap- 
plied in  Greek  mythology  to 
seven  Greek  poets 

Canst    thou    bind    the    sweet   influences    of 

Pleiades, 
Or  loose  the  bands  of  Orion  ? 

Job  xxxviii.  31. 

Locksley  Hall ;  Queen  Mary. 

PLOVER. 

=  the  lapwing. 
May    Queen ;     Come    not, 
when,    etc. ;     Geraint    and 
Enid ;    Happy  ;    Becket. 

POET-SATYR. 

Poet  of  the  poet-satyr 
Whom    the    laughing  shepherd  bound  with 
flowers ; 

Silenus,  who  was  caught 
asleep  and  bound  with  flowers 
as  narrated  in  Virgil's  Sixth 
Eclogue. 

To  Virgil. 

POINET  (JOHN). 

Bishop  of  Winchester ;  be- 
came a  convert  to  the  reformed 
faith,  and  was  appointed  chap- 


POI] 


238 


[PON 


lain  to  archbishop  Cranmer  in 
1547.  Created  bishop  of  Ro- 
chester by  Edward  VI  in  1550 
and  translated  to  Winchester 
in  the  following  year.  On  the 
accession  of  Mary  he  was  de- 
prived and  fled  to  Strasburg 
where  he  died  in  1556. 

Cranmer.    To  Strasburg,  Antwerp,  Frank- 
fort, Zurich,  Worms, 
Geneva,  Basle — our  Bishops  from  their  sees 
Or  fled,  they  say,  or  flying — Poinet,  Barlow, 
Bale,  Scory,  Coverdale ; 

Queen  Mary. 
POITEVINS. 

I  learn  but  now  that  those  poor  Poitevins, 

=  The  people  of  Poitou. 
Becket. 
POITOU. 

A  province  of  France. 

Harold. 
POLAND. 

Shall  I  weep  if  a  Poland  fall  ?  shall  I  shriek 
if  a  Hungary  fail? 

Has  reference  to  the  Polish 
insurrection  against  Russia  in 
1 83 1.  The  rebellion  proving 
a  failure,  Cracow,  which  had 
been  hitherto  an  indepen- 
dent state  was  annexed  to 
Austria,  and  the  remainder  of 
the  kingdom  of  Poland  was 
made  a  constitutional  monarchy 
under  the  Czar  of  Russia. 

Maud  ;  Poland. 

POLE    (Reginald).    See   Reginald 
Pole. 

POLECAT. 

An  animal  of  the  weasel  kind, 
which  has  glands  secreting  a 
disagreeable  odour. 

The  Foresters. 
POLLIO. 

Chanter  of  the  Pollio,  glorying  in  the  blissful 
years  again  to  be. 

Roman   historian   and   poet ; 


the  Pollio  is  the  fourth  Eclogue 
of  Virgil,  which  the  poet  dedi- 
cated to  him. 

To  Virgil. 

POLYTHEISM. 

The  doctrine  of  the  belief 
in  a  plurality  of  gods  each  with 
a  sphere  of  his  own,  and  each 
a  personification  of  some  ele- 
mental power  in  the  govern- 
ment of  the  world. 

Akbar's  Dream. 

PONTHIEU. 

A  French  province. 

Harold. 

PONTIC. 

To  Ulysses. 

PONTIGNY. 

A  French  village  possessing 
a  famous  Cistercian  monastery 
built  in  the  twelfth  century, 
and  the  monastery  in  which 
Becket  took  refuge  when  he 
fled  to  France  in  1164. 

Becket. 

PONTIUS. 

That  Pontius  and  Iscariot  by  my  side 
Show'd  like  fair  seraphs. 

=Pontius  Pilate. 

St.  Simeon  Stylites. 

PONTUS. 

An  ancient  district  of  Asia 
Minor  on  the  south-east  coast 
of  the  Euxine  or  Black  Sea.  In 
Pontus  a  native  monarchy 
arose  soon  after  400  b.c.  which 
reached  its  chief  importance 
under  Mithridates  VI  the 
Great,  who  carried  on  several 
wars  with  Rome.  In  63  B.C. 
after  the   conquest   of   Mithri- 


POP] 


239 


[PRO 


dates,  Pompey  made  the  western 
half  a  Roman  province,  and  in 
63  a.d.  the  eastern  half  was  also 
added  to  the  Roman  empire. 
The  Cup. 

POPLAR. 
POPLAR-TREE. 

A  tree  of  the  genus  Populus. 
Leonine  Elegiacs ;  Mari- 
ana ;  Ode  to  Memory ; 
Amphion  ;  In  Memoriam  ; 
Lancelot  and  Elaine ; 
Sisters  (Evelyn  and  Edith)  ; 
Voyage  of  Maeldune  ;  Balin 
and  Balan  ;    The  Cup. 

POPPY. 

A  plant  of  the  genus  Papaver 
having  large  showy  flowers. 

Lotos-Eaters ;  Dora ;  The 
Princess ;  Last  Tourna- 
ment ;  Voyage  of  Maeldune; 
Spinster's  Sweet- Arts  ;  The 
Tourney. 

PORTUGAL. 

Sisters  (Evelyn  and  Edith). 

PRASUTAGUS. 

King  of  the  Iceni,  husband 
of  queen  Boadicea.  On  his 
deathbed,  60  a.d.,  he  made  the 
emperor  Nero  with  his  two 
daughters  joint  heir  of  his 
wealth,  in  the  hope  of  securing 
Nero's  protection  for  his  family 
and  the  people  of  Iceni ;  but 
no  sooner  was  he  dead  than  the 
Romans  seized  the  territory 
and  treated  the  inhabitants  with 
cruelty,  who  under  Boadicea 
(q.v.)  rose  against  them  but  were 
(defeated. 

Boadicea. 


PRESTER  JOHN. 

Or  clutch'd  the  sacred  crown  of  Prester  John 
And  cast  it  to  the  Moor : 

A  supposed  king  and  priest 
who  is  said  to  have  reigned  over 
a  kingdom  in  the  interior  of 
Asia.  This  idea  was  universal 
until  the  beginning  of  the 
fourteenth  century  when  it  was 
transferred  to  Ethiopia  and  the 
title  applied  to  a  ruler  of 
the  Abyssinian  kingdom.  He 
claimed  to  have  been  the 
mightiest  monarch  on  earth, 
no  less  than  seventy-two  kings 
being  his  tributaries.  In  1221 
he  was  defeated  by  Genghis 
Khan,  one  of  the  tributary 
kings  who  had  revolted  against 
him. 

Columbus. 
PRIVET. 

A  shrub,  much  used  for 
hedges. 

Walking  to  the  Mail. 

PROSERPINE. 

In  Italian  mythology  the 
daughter  of  Zeus  and  Demeter  ; 
identified  with  the  Greek  Perse- 
phone" (q-v).  Whilst  gather- 
ing wild  asphodels  in  the 
fields  of  Enna  was  seized  and 
carried  off  by  Pluto  to  the 
infernal  regions  and  made  queen 
of  Hades. 

she  moved 
Like  Proserpine  in  Enna,  gathering  flowers 

She  married  Pluto  and  became 
the  mother  of  the  Furies. 

Edwin  Morris. 
PROVENCAL. 

Nay,  if  I  took  and  translated  that  hard 
heart  into  our  Provencal  facilities,  I  could 
so  play  about  it  with  the  rhyme — 

Becket. 


PRO] 


240 


[PYR 


PROVENCE. 

A  province  of  southern 
France. 

Lover's  Tale  ;  Becket. 

PSYCHE. 

Lady  Psyche  was  one  of  the 
tutors  at  the  female  college 
founded  by  princess  Ida,  heroine 
of  The  Princess.  She  was  sup- 
posed to  be  a  person  possessing 
a  very  charming  manner,  and 
was  essentially  feminine  both 
in  heart  and  manner.  Her 
abilities  as  a  lecturer  were 
marked  and  to  her  abilities 
Cyril  paid  a  delicate  compli- 
ment when  he,  disguised  as  a 
girl  student,  gained  admission 
into  the  college. 

The  Princess. 

PSYCHE. 

The  long-limb'd  lad  that  had  a  Psyche  too  : 

In  Greek  mythology  a  beau- 
tiful maiden,  the  youngest  of 
three  daughters  of  a  king,  repre- 
sented as  the  personification 
of  the  Human  Soul.  She  was 
loved  by  Cupid  who  carried 
her  away  to  a  palace  where  he 
visited  her  without  being  identi- 
fied. Psyche  could  not  however 
resist  the  curiosity  of  knowing 
who  he  was,  and  lit  a  lamp,  when 
a  drop  of  oil  fell  on  Cupid's 
shoulder,  which  awoke  him  and 
he  fled.  She  then  wandered 
from  place  to  place  in  search 
of  her  lover,  until  she  came  to 
the  palace  of  Venus,  who,  being 
jealous  of  her  beauty,  made  her 
her  slave,  but  ultimately  Cupid 
came    to    her    rescue,    married 


her  and  bestowed  on  her  im- 
mortality. 

The  Princess. 

PTARMIGAN. 

and  know 
The  ptarmigan  that  whitens  ere  his  hour 
Woos  his  own  end  ; 

A  species  of  grouse.  The 
colour  of  this  bird  varies,  being 
brownish-gray  in  summer  and 
white  in  winter. 

Last  Tournament. 

PUBLIUS. 

Captain  of  a  band  of  Roman 
soldiers,  and  guard  to  Synorix,, 
from  whom  he  received  orders 
to  capture  as  traitors  any  one 
who  was  talking  with  Synorix 
when  he  cried  '  Rome,  Rome.* 
Publius  was  also  present  in  the 
temple  at  the  murder  of  Sin- 
natus  by  Synorix,  and  helped 
to  bear  away  the  body  from  the 
temple  for  burial. 

The  Cup. 

PUMPY. 

Scizzars  an'  Pumpy  was  good  uns  to  goa 

Thruf  slush  an'  squad 

When  roads  was  bad, 
But  hallus  ud  stop  at  the  Vine-an'-the-Hop, 
Fur  boath  on  'em  knawed  as  well  as  mysen 
That  beer  be  as  good  fur  'erses  as  men. 


Name  of  a  horse. 

Promise  of  May. 


P.  W. 

Poor  Philip,  of  all  his  lavish  waste  of  words 
Remains  the  lean  P.  W.  on  his  tomb : 

=  Philip  Willows  ;  father  of 
Katie  Willows. 

The  Brook. 

PYRENEAN. 

Till  o'er  the  hills  her  eagles  flew 
Beyond  the  Pyrenean  pines, 

=  The  Pyrenees. 

Ode  on  the  death  of  the  Duke 
of  Wellington, 


PYT] 


241 


[QUI 


PYTHAGORAS. 

And  once  for  ten  long  weeks  I  tried 
Your  table  of  Pythagoras, 

=  A  vegetarian  diet,  as  recom- 
mended by  Pythagoras,  the 
famous  Greek  philosopher,  and 
adopted  by  Fitzgerald. 

To  E.  Fitzgerald. 

QUAIL. 

A  bird  closely  allied  to  the 
partridge. 

Audley  Court. 

QUEEN  0'  THE  MAY. 

The  chief  character  in  the 
poem  entitled  the  May  Queen. 
The  poem  is  divided  into  three 
parts,  and  opens 

You  must  wake  and  call  me  early,  call  me 

early,  mother  dear : 
To-morrow  'ill  be  the  happiest  time  of  all  the 

glad  New-year ; 
Of  all  the  glad  New-year,  mother,  the  maddest 

merriest  day  ; 
For  I'm  to  be  Queen  o'  the  May,  mother,  I'm 

to  be  Queen  o'  the  May. 

The  second  portion,  entitled 
New  Tear's  Eve,  opens  with  a 
request  from  the  girl  to  her 
mother  to  call  her  early  on  the 
first  morning  of  the  year  : 

If  you're  waking  call  me  early,  call  me  early 
mother  dear, 

For  I  would  see  the  sun  rise  upon  the  glad  New- 
year. 

It  is  the  last  New- year  that  I  shall  ever  see. 

Then  you  may  lay  me  low  i'  the  mould  and 
think  no  more  of  me. 

Later  on  in  the  poem  we 
find  the  girl  lying  seriously  ill, 
but  longs  to  live  until  the 
snowdrop  comes : 

There's  not  a  flower  on  all  the  hills  :  the  frost 

is  on  the  pane  : 
I  only  wish  to  live  till  the  snowdrops  come 

again  : 
I  wish  the  snow  would  melt  and  the  sun  come 

out  on  high  : 
I  long  to  see  a  flower  so  before  the  day  I  die. 

Towards  the  end  of  the  poem 
she  charges  her  sister  to  look  after 
her  little  garden  : 


She'll  find  my  garden-tools  upon  the  granary 
floor : 

Let  her  take  'em  :  they  are  hers  :  I  shall  never 
garden  more  : 

But  tell  her,  when  I'm  gone,  to  train  the  rose- 
bush that  I  set 

About  the  parlour- window  and  the  box  »f 
mignonette. 

The  girl  however  lingers  long 
enough  to  see  not  only  the 
snowdrop  but  also  the  violet : 

I  thought  to  pass  away  before,  and  yet  alive 

I  am  ; 
And  in  the  fields  all  round  I  hear  the  bleating 

of  the  lamb. 
How  sadly,  I  remember,  rose  the  morning  of 

the  year  ! 
To  die  before  the  snowdrop  came,  and  now 

the  violet's  here. 

and  as  the  girl  lies  in  her 
mother's  arms  at  the  point  of 
death,  happy  in  the  anticipation 
of  meeting  her  mother  and 
sister  in  the  world  beyond,  the 
poem  concludes  : 

O  sweet  and  strange  it  seems  to  me,  that  ere 

this  day  is  done 
The  voice,   that  now  is  speaking,  may  be 

beyond  the  sun — 
For  ever  and  for  ever  with  those  just  souls 

and  true — 
And  what  is  life,  that  we  should  moan  ?  why 

make  we  such  ado  ? 

For  ever  and  for  ever,  all  in  a  blessed  home — 
And  there  to  wait  a  little  while  till  you  and 

Effie  come — 
To  he  within  the  light  of  God,  as  I  lie  upon 

your  breast — 
And  the  wicked  cease  from  troubling,  and  the 

weary  are  at  rest. 

May  Queen. 

QUINCE. 

A  tree  belonging  to  the  same 
tribe  as  the  apple. 

Balin  and  Balan. 

QUINTUS  CALABER. 

And  read  a  Grecian  tale  re- told, 
Which    cast  in  later  Grecian  mould, 

Quintus  Calaber 
Somewhat  lazily  handled  of  old  ; 

A  poet,  who  wrote  in  four- 
teen books  a  Greek  poem  as  a 
continuation  of  Homer's  Iliad 
in  the  third  century. 

To  the  Master  of  Balliol. 
R 


RAB] 

RABBIT. 

A  rodent  quadruped  of  the 
hare  family. 

Aylmer's      Field ;      Queen 
Mary  ;   Promise  of  May. 

RACHEL. 

Fairer  than  Rachel  by  the  palmy  well, 

Has  reference  to  the  first 
meeting  of  Jacob  and  Rachel 
at  the  well  of  Haran.     Genesis 

XX%X  • 

Aylmer's  Field. 

RAGGED-ROBIN. 

A  common  wild-flower  of 
the  campion  kind,  its  petals 
having  a  ragged  appearance, 
hence  its  name. 

Marriage  of  Geraint. 
RAHAB. 

Pole.    The  scarlet  thread  of  Rahab  saved 
her  life  ; 
And  mine,  a  little  letting  of  the  blood. 

Has  reference  to  Rahab  who 
received     the     spies     sent     by- 
Joshua  to  spy  out  Jericho. 
Queen  Mary. 
RALPH. 

Sir  Ralph,  an  old  knight, 
who  evidently  took  part  in  the 
Crusades. 

'And  that  was  old  Sir  Ralph's  at  Ascalon,' 

It  was  near  Ascalon  that  the 
Crusaders  in  1099  under  God- 
frey de  Bouillion  defeated  a 
superior  army  sent  by  the  sultan 
of  Egypt  to  capture  Jerusalem. 
A  statue  of  Sir  Ralph  in  orange 
scarf  and  silken  sash  evidently 
adorned  princess  Ida's  college, 
but  when  prince  Arac  and 
princess  Ida  were  wedded, 
the  knight  was  disrobed  of  his 
feminine   attire,   and   was   seen 


242 


[RAT 


once  more  standing  in  the 
armour  that  befitted  his  sex  and 
profession. 

The  Princess. 
RALPH. 

Ralph,  a  knight,  and  lover  of 
Edith  Montfort.  He  took  part 
in  a  tournament,  won  it,  and 
was  crowned  by  his  lady-love, 
and  won  the  admiration  of  his 
king. 

The  Tourney. 

RALPH. 

RALPH  BAGENHALL. 

Sir  Ralph  Bagenhall ;  the 
only  member  of  the  House  of 
Commons  who  protested  against 
reconciliation  with  Rome  in 
1556,  for  which  he  was  com- 
mitted to  the  Tower. 

Queen  Mary. 
RAM. 

=  A  male  sheep. 

Last  Tournament. 
RANDULF. 

Grim.     And  one  of  the  De  Brocs  is  with 
them,  Robert, 
The  apostate  monk  that  was  with  Randulf 
here. 

The  brother  of  Robert  de 
Broc. 

Becket. 
RAPHAEL. 

What  fame  ?  I  am  not  Raphael,  Titian — no 
Not  even  a  Sir  Joshua,  some  will  cry. 

The  celebrated  painter,  sculp- 
tor and  architect. 

Romney's  Remorse. 

RAT. 

A  rodent  quadruped  of  the 
genus  Mus. 

The  Foresters  ;    Walking  to 
the  Mail ;   Maud  ;   Merlin 


RAV] 


243 


[REG 


and  Vivien ;  Pelleas  and 
Ettarre  ;  Ozvd  Rod  ;  Queen 
Mary  ;  The  Falcon  ;  Pro- 
mise of  May. 

RAVEN. 

A  large  bird  of  the  crow 
family. 

Boddicea  ;  Maud  ;  Guine- 
vere ;  Rizpab ;  Battle  of 
Brunanburh ;  Merlin  and 
the  Gleam  ;  Harold  ;  The 
Foresters. 

RAY  (Philip).    See  Enoch,  Enoch 
Arden. 

RAYMOND  OF  POITOU. 

Have  we  not  heard 
Raymond  of  Poitou,  thine  own  uncle — 

Raymond  I,  prince  of  Antioch. 
Becket. 

REDCAP. 

A  bird  of  the  goldfinch 
family,  having  a  conical  crest 
of  red  feathers  on  the  top  of 
its  head. 

Gardener's  Daughter. 

REDHATS. 

But  the  King  hath  bought  half  the  College 
of  Redhats. 

=  Cardinals. 

Becket. 

RED  SEA. 

An  inland  sea  between 
Africa  and  Asia. 

To  the  Marquis  of  Dufferin 
and  Ava. 

REFORM. 

Name  of  a  horse. 

The  Brook. 

REGGIO. 

An  Italian  seaport. 

The  Daisy. 


REGINALD. 
REGINALD  FITZURSE. 

Eldest  son  of  Richard  Fitz- 
urse  and  the  principal  actor 
in  the  murder  of  Thomas 
Becket.  For  some  years  he  re- 
sided at  Williton  in  Somerset. 
After  the  murder  he  escaped 
with  his  fellow-murderers  to 
Saltwood  castle,  and  finally 
to  Knaresborough-the  home  of 
de  Morville,  where  they  re- 
mained for  about  a  year,  after 
which  Fitzurse  went  to  Rome 
to  receive  sentence  by  the  pope 
and  was  sent  to  expiate  his  sins 
at  Jerusalem. 

Becket. 

REGINALD  POLE 

Cardinal  archbishop  of'  Can- 
terbury, son  of  sir  Richard  Pole. 
Appointed  to  various  benefices 
by  Henry  VIII  and  upon  the 
death  of  Wolsey  refused  the 
aichbishoprick  of  York.  Being 
attainted  of  treason  he  fled  to 
Italy  and  settled  for  some  years 
in  Padua ;  opposed  the  royal 
divorce  and  was  deprived  of  all 
his  preferments.  In  1536  he 
was  summoned  to  Rome  by  the 
pope  who  appointed  him  a 
cardinal,  and  sent  him  to  the 
French  king,  Francis  I,  to  stir 
him  to  war  against  England  ; 
was  one  of  the  legates  sent  to 
open  the  Council  of  Trent, 
1545.  On  the  accession  of 
Mary  he  was  appointed  papal 
legate  to  England,  to  arrange 
with  queen  Mary  as  to  the  best 
means  of  bringing  the  kingdom 


REN] 


244 


[RIC 


again  in  subjection  to  the 
papal  see,  and  upon  his  arrival 
in  England  was  created  arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury.  In  1557 
his  legation  was  cancelled  and 
he  was  summoned  to  Rome  on 
the  charge  of  heresy,  but  falling 
ill,  died  on  the  same  day  as 
queen  Mary,  November  17, 
1558,  and  was  buried  in  St. 
Thomas'  Chapel,  Canterbury. 
Queen  Mary. 

RENARD    (Simon).    See  Simon, 
Simon  Renard. 

REVEILLEE. 

The  beat  of  drum,  or  bugle 
blast,  about  break  of  day,  to  give 
notice  that  it  is  time  for  soldiers 
to  rise. 

In  Memoriam. 

REVENGE,  THE. 

The  ship  commanded  by  sir 
Richard  Grenville  (q-v.)  in 
lord  Howard's  squadron  which 
was  attacked  by  the  Spanish 
fleet  off  the  Azores  in  August 
1591. 

The  Revenge. 

RHINE. 

The  principal  river  of 
Germany. 

In  Memoriam. 

RHODOPE. 

The  Rhodope,  that  bui  t  the  pyramid. 

Has  reference  to  Rhodopis, 
a  courtesan  of  ancient  Greece 
who  lived  about  600  b.c.  There 
is  a  Greek  legend  that  she  built 
the  third  pyramid,  but  in 
reality  it  was  the  work  of 
Nicotris. 


A  statelier  pyramis  to  her  I'll  rear 
Than  Rhodope's  of  Memphis,  ever  was : 
Shakespeare  :   /  Henry  VI.  Act  i.  SceneX  vi. 

The  Princess. 
RICHARD   (the   first,    Coeur    de 
Lion). 

King  of  England,  third  son 
of  Henry  II.  In  n  89  took  the 
vow  of  a  crusader  and  in  the 
following  year  proceeded  to  the 
East  with  Philip  Augustus  of 
France,  leaving  the  bishop  of 
Ely  to  carry  on  the  government 
at  home.  Richard  displayed 
valour  against  Saladin  whom 
he  defeated  near  Caesarea,  but 
having  concluded  a  peace  set 
out  for  England.  His  vessel 
being  shipwrecked  on  the  coast 
of  Italy,  he  made  his  way  in 
disguise  through  the  dominions 
of  his  natural  enemy  Leopold 
of  Austria,  but  being  recognized 
was  arrested  and  handed  over 
to  the  emperor,  Henry  VI,  who 
confined  him  in  a  castle  in  the 
Tyrol,  bound  with  chains.  At 
length  he  was  ransomed  by  his 
subjects  for  150,000  marks  and 
arrived  in  England  in  1104. 
He  found  his  dominions  in  great 
confusion  owing  to  the  intrigue 
of  Philip  of  France  and  John 
his  brother,  but  rapidly  made 
himself  master  of  the  castles 
which  held  out  for  John — who 
submitted  and  was  pardoned — 
was  in  1194  crowned  a  second 
time.  He  is  supposed  about 
this  time  to  have  visited  Robin 
Hood  in  Sherwood  Forest.  On 
May  12,  1 194,  he  left  England 
and  invaded  France  with  a 
large  army,  and  while  besieging 


RIC] 


245 


[RID 


the  castle  of  Chaluz  in  Aquitaine 
was  wounded.  He  died  on 
April  6,  1 199,  and  was  buried 
in  the  Abbey  Church  of 
Fontevraud. 

The  Foresters. 

RICHARD  (the  Third). 

King  of  England,  son  of 
Richard,  duke  of  York.  On 
the  death  of  Edward  IV  he 
assumed  the  title  of  Pro- 
tector, and  on  July  6,  1483, 
was  crowned  king.  Shortly 
afterwards  the  two  princes 
were  murdered  in  the  Tower, 
there  being  strong  suspicion 
that  Richard  himself  was  con- 
cerned in  their  murder.  Dis- 
gusted with  his  cruelty  and  the 
usurpation  of  the  crown,  Henry, 
son  of  Edmund  Tudor,  who 
was  in  Brittany,  was  invited  to 
invade  England,  and  landing  at 
Milford  Haven  marched  to 
Bosworth  in  Leicestershire  where 
Richard  was  defeated  and  slain, 
Henry  being  crowned  king  on 
the  field. 

Queen  Mary. 

RICHARD    (de    Brito).     See    De 
Brito. 

RICHARD. 

RICHARD  GRENVILLE. 

A  gallant  seaman  in  Eliza- 
beth's time  ;  took  part  in  the 
defeat  of  the  Armada.  In 
1 591,  while  commanding  the 
Revenge,  engaged  singlehanded 
the  entire  Spanish  fleet  off  the 
Azores,  and,  after  a  desperate 
fight  of  eighteen  hours,  sur- 
rendered     and      was       carried 


wounded  on  board  the  Spanish 
flagship  San  Philip,  where 
he  died. 

And  the  stately  Spanish  men  to  their  flagship 

bore  him  then, 
Where  they  laid  him  by  the  mast,  old  Sir 

Richard  caught  at  last, 
And  they  praised  him  to  his  face  with  their 

courtly  foreign  grace  ; 
But  he  rose  upon  their  decks,  and  he  cried  : 
'  I  have  fought  for  Queen  and  Faith  like  a 

valiant  man  and  true  ; 
I  have  only  done  my  duty  as  a  man  is  bound 

to  do  : 
With  a  joyful  spirit  I  Sir  Richard  Grenville 

die ! ' 
And  he  fell  upon  their  decks,  and  he  died. 

The  Revenge. 
RICHARD. 
RICHARD  LEA. 
RICHARD  OF  THE  LEA. 

Sir    Richard    Lea,    father    of 
Maid  Marian. 

The  Foresters. 

RICHARD. 

That  traitor  to  King  Richard  and  the  truth, 

Richard  II,  king  of  England 
from  1377  to  1399. 

Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cobham. 

RIDLEY  (Nicholas). 

Bishop  of  London  ;  descended 
from  an  ancient  Northumber- 
land family ;  became  chaplain 
to  archbishop  Cranmer  in  1537 
and  chaplain  to  king  Henry 
VIII  in  1 541.  Appointed  by 
Edward  VI  bishop  of  Rochester, 
and  took  part  in  the  framing 
of  the  Articles  and  Homilies. 
On  the  deprivation  of  Bonner, 
bishop  of  London,  Ridley 
was  appointed  his  successor. 
Visited  the  princess  Mary  at 
Hunsdon,  but  failed  to  shake 
her  adherence  to  the  Roman 
Catholic  faith,  and  conse- 
quently signed  the  will  of  Ed- 
ward VI  settling  the  crown   on 


RINJ 


246 


[ROB 


lady  Jane  Grey.  On  Mary's 
accession  was  deprived  and  sent 
to  the  Tower,  thence — with 
Latimer  and  Cranmer — to  Ox- 
ford, and  on  refusing  to  recant 
was  condemned,  and  with 
Latimer  (q.v.)  burnt  to  death 
opposite  Balliol  College,  Oxford, 

1555. 

Queen  Mary. 

RINGDOVE. 

A  wood-pigeon,  so-called  from 
a  white  ring  on  the  neck. 

Talking  Oak  ;  Queen  Mary. 

ROA. 

Name  of  a  dog. 

Owd  Rod. 

ROAVER. 

Name  of  a  dog. 

Owd,  Rod. 

ROB. 

Name  of  man  and  cat. 

Spinster's  Sweet-arts. 

ROBBY. 

Name  of  man  and  cat. 

Spinster's  Sweet-arts. 
ROBERT. 

Sir  Robert,  mentioned  by 
Everard  Hall,  during  an  enter- 
tainment at  Audley  Court. 
Francis  Hale,  his  friend,  sang 
a  song  ;  Everard  replying  with 
one  also,  explaining 

I  found  it  in  a  volume,  all  of  songs, 

Knock'd  down  to  me,  when  old  Sir  Robert's 

pride — 
His  books — the  moie  the  pity,  so  I  said — 
Came  to  the  hammer  here  in  March — 

Sir  Robert  was  evidently  a 
literary  person. 

Audley  Court. 
ROBERT. 

Wedded     to     Letty    Hill,    a 


millionaire's  daughter.  She  fell 
in  love  with  a  man  who  came 
to  spend  a  holiday  near  her 
home,  but  acting  under  the 
influence  of  her  relatives  she 
forsook  him,  to  marry  Sir 
Robert. 

They  wedded  her  to  sixty  thousand  pounds, 
To  lands  in  Kent  and  messuages  in  York, 
And  slight  Sir  Robert  with  his  watery  smile 
And  educated  whisker. 

Edwin  Morris. 
ROBERT. 

Grim.    And  one  of  the  De  Brocs  is  with 

them,  Robert, 
The  apostate  monk  that  was  with  Randulf 

here. 

Robert  de  Broc.     A  monk. 
Becket. 

ROBERT. 

ROBERT  OF  JUMIEGES. 

Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
a  Norman  by  birth.  Prior  of 
St.  Ouen  at  Rouen,  and  in  1037 
was  appointed  Abbot.  Accom- 
panied Edward  the  Confessor 
to  England  in  1043,  who  ap- 
pointed him  bishop  of  London 
in  the  following  year.  Opposed 
the  earl  of  Godwin  with  the  re- 
sult that  the  earl  and  his  family 
were  driven  into  exile,  but  upon 
Godwin's  return  in  1052  he 
fled  to  Walton-on-the-Naze  in 
Essex  where  he  embarked  for 
Normandy.  Being  deprived  of 
his  See,  he  went  to  Rome  to  lay 
the  matter  before  the  pope, 
who  ordered  his  reinstatement, 
but  he  did  not  regain  possession 
of  it.  On  his  return  from  Rome 
he  went  to  Jumiege8,  where  he 
died  and  was  buried  near  the 
high  altar  of  the  Abbey  Church. 
Harold. 


ROB] 


247 


[ROB 


ROBIN. 

Friend  and  playmate  of  the 
'  May  Queen,'  who  thinks  she  is 
dying,  and  bids  farewell  to  her 
friends,  of  whom  Robin  is  one. 

And  say  to  Robin  a  kind  word,  and  tell  him 
not  to  fret ; 

*  «  * 

If  I  had  lived — I  cannot  tell — I  might  have 
been  his  wife ; 

May  Queen. 

ROBIN. 

Subject  of  a  song  sung  by  a 
milkmaid,  beginning 

Shams  upon  you,  Robin, 
Shame  upon  you  now. 

Queen  Mary. 

ROBIN. 

ROBIN  HOOD. 

ROBIN  OF  HUNTINGDON. 

A  famous  outlaw,  who,  with 
his  companions — the  most  noted 
of  whom  were  Little  John,  Will 
Scarlet,  Much,  the  miller's 
son,  his  chaplain,  Friar  Tuck,  and 
his  paramour  Maid  Marian — 
inhabited  the  forest  of  Sher- 
wood in  Nottingham.  He  is 
identified  with  Robin,  earl  of 
Huntingdon,  and  was  born  at 
Locksley,  Nottingham,  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  II. 

'  In  Locksly  town,  in  merry  Nottinghamshire, 
In  merry  sweet  Locksly  town, 
There  bold  Robin  Hood  was  born  and  was 
bred, 
Bold  Robin  of  famous  renown.' 

,Sloane  MS. 

He  was  skilled  in  archery,  and 
his  exploits  and  those  of  his 
merry  men,  are  the  subject  of 
many  ballads  and  tales.  Robin 
Hood's  Bay,  on  the  east  coast 
of  Yorkshire,  is  said  to  owe  its 
name  to  the  tradition  of  Robin 
Hood,  whose  arrows  shot  from 
the  tower  of  Whitby  reached 


three  miles  distant.  He  robbed 
the  rich  only,  being  particularly 
fond  of  pillaging  prelates,  whom 
he  seems  to  have  held  in  decided 


These  byshoppes  and  thyse  archebyshoppes 
Ye  shall  them  bete  and  bynde. 

He  gave  freely  to  the  poor, 
and  protected  the  needy. 

The  performance  of  the 
Morrice  Dance,  which  was  so 
common  in  the  fourteenth 
century — and  to  some  degree 
still  extant — has  been  associated 
with  Robin  Hood's  forest  games, 
and  his  jovial  life  in  the  green 
glades  of  Sherwood,  when  Robin 
Hood  and  Maid  Marian  and 
Friar  Tuck  were  the  chief  char- 
acters, which  company  also 
included  the  Hobby-horse  and 
the  Fool. 

The  merry  pranks  he  playd,  would  aske  an 

age  to  tell, 
And  the  adventures  strange  that  Robin  Hood 

befell, 
When  Mansfield  many  a  time  for  Robin  hath 

bin  layd, 
How  he  that  cosned  them,  that  him  would 

have  betrayd ; 
How  often  he  hath  come  to  Nottingham  dis- 

guisd, 
And  cunningly  escapt,  being  set  to  be  surprizd. 
In  this  our  spacious  Isle,  I  thinke  there  is  not 

one, 
But  he  hath  heard  some  talke  of  him  and 

Little  John : 
And  to  the  end  of  time,  the  Tales  shall  ne'r  be 

done, 
Of  Scarlock,  George  a  Greene,  and  Much,  the 

Millers  sonne, 
Of  Tuck,  the  merry  Frier,  which  many  a  Ser- 
mon made, 
In  praise  of  Robin  Hood,  his  Out-lawes,  and 

their  Trade. 

Drayton :    Polyolbion.    Five  and  twentieth 

Song. 

He  is  supposed  to  have  been 
intentionally  bled  to  death  at 
the  age  of  eighty-seven  in  the 
Cistercian  nunnery  at  Kirklees 
in  Yorkshire,  about  the  year 
II47. 

It  is  said  that  when  Robin 
perceived  the  treachery  which 


ROB] 


248 


[ROC 


had  been  practised  on  him,  he 
blew  a  loud  blast  on  his  bugle- 
horn.  The  call  reached  the 
ears  of  Little  John,  who  hastened 
from  the  adjoining  forest  of 
Kirklees,  and  forced  his  way  into 
the  chamber  where  the  dying 
chieftain  lay,  who,  according 
to  an  old  ballad,  made  the 
following  request  : 

Give  me  my  bent  bow  in  my  hand, 

And  a  broad  arrow  I'll  let  flee ; 
And  where  this  arrow  is  taken  up, 

There  shall  my  grave  digg'd  be. 
Lay  me  a  green  sod  under  my  head, 

And  another  at  my  feet, 
And  lay  my  bent  bow  by  my  side, 

Which  was  my  music  sweet, 
And  make  my  grave  of  gravel  and  green, 

Which  is  most  right  and  meet. 
Let  me  have  length  and  breadth  enough, 

With  a  green  sod  under  my  head, 
That  they  may  say,  when  I  am  dead, 

'  Here  lies  bold  Robin  Hood.' 
These  words  they  readily  promised  him, 

Which  did  bold  Robin  please, 
And  there  they  buried  bold  Robin  Hood, 

Near  to  the  fair  Kirkleys. 

The  bow  being  placed  in  his 
hand  by  Little  John,  Robin 
discharged  it  through  the  open 
window,  and  the  arrow  alighted 
on  a  spot  where  according  to 
tradition  he  was  afterwards 
interred.  On  a  stone  within 
the  railings  surrounding  the 
grave  is  the  following  inscription: 

'  Hear  Underneath  dis  laitl  stean 
Laz  Robert  earl  of  Huntingtun 
Ne'er  arcir  ver  az  hie  sa  geud 
An  pipl  kauld  im  Robin  Heud 
Sick  utlawz  as  hi  an  iz  men 
Vil  England  nivr  si  agen 
Obiit  24  Kal  Dekembris  1247.' 

Robin  Hood  has  been  made 
the  hero  of  many  tales  and  ad- 
ventures by  romancers  and 
poets.  The  first  historical  allu- 
sion is  found  in  Piers  Plough- 
man, by  William  Langland, 
which,  according  to  Skeat, 
cannot  be  older  than 
about     1377.      In     I420  Wyn- 


town  published  his  Scottish 
Chronicle,  and  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  sixteenth 
century  he  is  mentioned  in 
Mair's  History  of  Great  Britain. 
After  the  introduction  of  the 
art  of  printing  in  England  by 
Caxton  in  1477,  there  appeared 
a  collection  of  Robin  Hood 
Ballads  entitled  Here  beginneth  a 
little  geste  of  Robin  Hood  and  his 
meiny  :  and  of  the  proud  Sheriff 
of  Nottingham,  and  towards  the 
end  of  the  same  century  a  play 
by  Anthony  Munday,  The 
Downfall  of  Robert,  Earl  of 
Huntingdon,  made  its  appear- 
ance. Reference  is  also  made 
to  him  in  Michael  Drayton's 
Polyolbion,  Song  XXV  Lincoln- 
shire, published  about  1622. 
In  1 82 1  Joseph  Ritson  pub- 
lished his  Robin  Hood  Ballads, 
and  some  years  afterwards 
appeared  Campbell's  A  His- 
torical Sketch  of  Robin  Hood. 
The  Foresters. 
ROBIN. 

Robin-redbreast,  a  bird  with 
a  reddish  breast. 

Locksley  Hall ;  Enoch  Arden. 

ROBINS. 

A  farm  hand  mentioned  by  an 
old  farmer,  who  was  fast  failing, 
though  he  refused  to  believe 
so,  as  he  had  so  much  work  to  do. 
He  said  that  God 

'  a  mowt  'a   taaen  young  Robins — a  niver 
mended  a  fence  : 

Northern  Farmer,  Old  Style. 

ROCHESTER. 

A  city  and  seaport  in  Kent. 
Queen  Mary. 


ROG] 


249 


[ROG 


ROGER. 

A  servant. 


Queen  Mary. 


ROGER. 

ROGER  OF  YORK. 

Archbishop  of  York.  With 
Becket  was  brought  up  at  the 
court  of  Theobald,  archbishop 
of  Canterbury.  In  1148  he  was 
made  archdeacon  of  Canter- 
bury, and  six  years  later  was 
created  archbishop  of  York. 
On  the  election  of  Becket, 
Roger  claimed  the  right  of 
consecrating  him,  but  his  claim 
was  rejected.  He  however  ob- 
tained the  pope's  authority  to 
crown  kings,  which  right  was — 
upon  Becket  protesting — with- 
drawn. In  1 170  he  performed 
— in  spite  of  Becket 's  remon- 
strances and  the  prohibition  of 
pope  Alexander  III — the  coro- 
nation ceremony  of  Henry  IPs 
son.  Roger  was  suspended,  and 
upon  Becket's  return  from  exile 
crossed  over  to  Normandy  and 
complained  to  Henry  that  there 
would  be  no  peace  so  long  as 
Becket  remained  alive.  Some 
authorities  consider  that  he 
was  mainly  responsible  for  the 
murder  of  the  archbishop,  for 
after  the  murder  he  took  an 
oath  before  the  archbishop  of 
Rouen  that  he  was  innocent 
of  the  charge,  and  confessed 
that  he  had  not  received  per- 
mission from  the  pope  to  crown 
Henry's  son  king,  and  was 
accordingly  absolved.  Ob- 
tained permission  to   carry  his 


cross  within  the  province  of 
Canterbury,  and  at  the  council 
of  Northampton  in  1176  urged 
that  the  Scottish  Church  should 
be  made  subordinate  to  the 
See  of  York  ;  which  claim  pope 
Alexander  III  recognized  in 
1 180.  He  died  in  1181  and 
was  buried  in  York  Minster. 
Becket. 
ROGER  ACTON. 

Burnt — good  Sir  Roger  Acton,  my  dear  friend  ! 

A  Shropshire  knight,  exe- 
cuted for  taking  part  in  Old- 
castle's  insurrection,  1414. 

Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cobham. 
ROGERS  (John). 

The  first  Marian  martyr,  was 
born  at  Birmingham.  Was 
rector  of  Holy  Trinity  Church, 
London,  1532-34,  after  which 
he  lived  for  some  years  at  Ant- 
werp, where  he  became  inti- 
mate with  Tyndale,  and  be- 
came a  convert  to  Protestant- 
ism ;  published  at  Antwerp  in 
1637  what  is  known  as  Matthew 's 
Bible.  Returned  to  England 
in  1548,  and  was  appointed 
rector  of  St.  Margaret's  Moyses, 
London,  and  vicar  of  St. 
Sepulchre's,  London.  In  1555, 
upon  the  accession  of  Mary,  he 
preached  at  St.  Paul's  Cross 
against  Romanism ;  was  de- 
prived of  his  benefice,  and 
imprisoned  in  Newgate ;  and 
after  a  long  term  of  imprison- 
ment was  sentenced  to  death 
for  heresy  and  burnt  at  Smith- 
field,  February  1555. 

Queen  Mary. 


ROL] 


250 


[ROS 


ROLF. 

A  Ponthieu  fisherman. 

Harold. 

ROME. 

Lucretius  ;  The  Princess  ; 
Boddicea ;  Maud ;  Com- 
ing of  Arthur ;  Gareth 
and  Lynette ;  Passing  of 
Arthur  ;  Columbus  ;  Locks- 
ley  Hall  Sixty  Tears  After  ; 
To  Virgil  ;  Freedom  ;  The 
Ring  ;  Romney^s  Remorse  ; 
St.  Telemachus  ;  The  Dawn  ; 
Queen  Mary  ;  Harold  ; 
Becket ;  The  Cup. 

RONALD  (LORD). 

Betrothed  to  lady  Clare. 
On  the  eve  of  his  marriage  he 
was  told  by  the  lady  that  he  was 
the  heir  to  all  her  lands,  as  she 
was  not  the  daughter  of  the  late 
earl,  but, 

I  am  a  beggar  born,'  she  said, 
'  And  not  the  Lady  Clare.' 

Lord  Ronald  laugh'd  '  a  laugh 
of  merry  scorn,'  and  assured 
her  that  even  if  she  were  not  the 
heiress-born,  on  her  marriage 
on  the  morrow  she  would  still 
be  lady  Clare. 

Lady  Clare. 

ROOD.    See  Holy  Rood. 

ROOK. 

A  species  of  crow,  so  called 
from  its  croak.  It  is  black,  with 
purple  and  violet  reflections. 

May  Queen  ;  In  Memoriam; 

Marriage  of  Geraint  ;    The 

Ring. 

ROSA.    See  Monte  Rosa. 


ROSALIND. 

The  subject  of  a  mournful 
song  by  a  man  in  a  depressed 
mood.  He  says  '  that  Hesperus 
all  things  bringeth,  soothing 
the  wearied  mind  : '  that  Hes- 
per  comes  in  the  morning,  but 
his  Rosalind  cometh  not  morn- 
ing nor  evening.  He  concludes 
by  saying  : 

False-eyed  Hesper,  unkind,  where  is  my  sweet 
Rosalind  J 

Leonine  Elegiacs. 

ROSALIND. 

The  writer  likens  a  girl — 
Rosalind — to  a  bright-eyed  fal- 
con. She  is  a  very  high-spirited 
girl,  untamed,  and  also  untame- 
able. 

Rosalind. 

ROSALIND. 

Lo,  the'face  again, 
My  Rosalind  in  this  Arden — Edith — all 
One  bloom  of  youth,  health,  beauty,  happi- 
ness, 

The  charming  daughter  of 
the  banished  duke  in  Shake- 
speare's As  You  Like  it.  Dressed 
in  male  attire  and  accompanied 
by  her  cousin  Celia,  she  seeks 
her  exiled  father  in  the  forest  of 
Arden. 

Sisters  {Evelyn  and  Edith). 

ROSAMUND. 

ROSAMUND  DE  CLIFFORD. 

Jane  Clifford, '  Rosamund  the 
Fair,'  daughter  of  Walter,  lord 
Clifford,  and  mistress  of  Henry 
II.  She  is  supposed  to  have 
been  a  nun  in  Godstow  nunnery, 
where  Henry  met  her ;  and  to 
keep  her  from  the  eyes  of  queen 
Eleanor  kept  her  in  a  bower  of 


ROS] 


251 


[ROS 


Woodstock,  which  was  sur- 
rounded by  a  labyrinth.  Here 
she  was,  by  a  silken  thread, 
supposed  to  have  been  discovered 
and  poisoned  by  queen  Eleanor, 
a.d.  1 177. 

But  nothing  could  this  furious  queeu 

Therewith  appeased  bee  : 
The  cup  of  deadlye  poyson  stronge 

As  she  knelt  on  her  knee, 
She  gave  this  comelye  dame  to  drinke  ; 

Who  took  it  in  her  hand, 
And  from  her  bended  knee  arose, 

And  on  her  feet  did  stand. 
And  casting  up  her  eyes  to  heaven, 

She  did  for  mercye  calle ; 
And  drinking  up  the  poyson  stronge, 

Her  life  she  lost  withalle. 

Her  body  was  buried  in  the 
chapel  of  Godstow  nunnery, 
where  candles  were  kept  con- 
tinually burning  over  her  tomb 
until  the  bishop  of  Lincoln  in 
1 191  caused  them  to  be  re- 
moved. 

Dream    of    Fair    Women  ; 
Becket. 

ROSE. 

The  daughter  of  a  gardener 
who  was  loved  by  an  artist. 
The  latter  gives  an  elaborate 
description  of  her  in  her  youth. 
In   conclusion  he  says 

Behold  her  there, 
As  I  beheld  her  ere  she  knew  my  heart, 
My  first,  last  love ;  the  idol  of  my  youth, 
The  darling  of  my  manhood, 

Gardener's  Daughter. 
ROSE. 

Rose,  on  this  terrace  fifty  years  ago, 
When  I  was  in  my  June,  you  in  your  May, 
Two  words  '  My  Rose  '  set  all  your  face  aglow' 
And  now  that  I  am  white,  and  you  are  gray. 

Sister  of  Mary  Boyle. 

Roses  on  the  Terrace. 

ROSE. 
ROSETREE. 

A  fragrant  flower  and  shrub 
of    the    genus    Rosa    of    many 


species  and  varieties.  It  is  the 
favourite  of  poets  and  the 
national  emblem  of  England. 
Ode  to  Memory  ;  A  Spirit 
Haunts ;  A  Dirge ;  Ade- 
line ;  Two  Voices  ;  CEnone  ; 
Palace  of  Art ;  Lotos- 
Eaters  ;  Gardener's  Daugh- 
ter ;  Day-Dream ;  Lady 
Clare ;  Vision  of  Sin  ; 
Enoch  Arden ;  Aylmer's 
Field ;  Lucretius ;  The 
Princess ;  City  Child ; 
Hendecasyllabics  ;  The 

Window  ;  In  Memoriam  ; 
Maud  ;  Geraint  and  Enid  ; 
Balin  and  Balan  ;  Merlin 
and  Vivien  ;  Holy  Grail  ; 
Pelleas  and  Ettarre  ;  Lover's 
Tale ;  Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cobham ;  Voyage  of 
Maeldune  ;  The  Wreck  ; 
Ancient  Sage  ;  Tomorrow  ; 
Locksley  Hall  Sixty  Tears 
After ;  On  the  Jubilee  of 
Queen  Victoria  ;  Vastness  ; 
The  Ring  ;  Happy  ;  Rom- 
ney's  Remorse  ;  Roses  on  the 
Terrace  ;  The  Snowdrop  ; 
Akbar's  Dream ;  Queen 
Mary  ;  Harold  ;  Becket  ; 
Promise  of  May ;  The 
Foresters. 

ROSE-CAMPION. 

A  garden   plant   with  hand- 
some crimson  flowers. 

Last  Tournament. 

ROSE-CARNATION. 

A  carnation  striped  with  rose 
colour. 

In  Memoriam. 


ROS] 


252 


[SAA 


ROSEMARY. 

A  small  fragrant  evergreen 
shrub  of  a  pungent  taste  growing 
in  the  countries  round  the 
Mediterranean.  It  is  used  as 
an  emblem  of  fidelity  or  con- 
stancy. 

There's  rosemary,  that's  for  remembrance  ; 
Shakespeare  :  Hamlet,  Act  IV.  Scene  v. 

Gareth  and  Lynette. 
ROSE  OF  LANCASTER. 

Rose  of  Lancaster, 
Red  in  thy  birth,  redder  with  household  war, 
Now  reddest  with  the  blood  of  holy  men, 
Redder  to  be,  red  rose  of  Lancaster — 

=  Wars  of  the  Roses  between 
the  houses  of  York  and  Lancaster. 
Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cobham. 

ROUND  TABLE. 

A  Table  made  by  Merlin  the 
magician  for  Uther  the  pen- 
dragon.  Uther  gave  it  to  king 
Leodogran,  and  when  king 
Arthur  married  Guinevere 
Leodogran  gave  him  the  table 
with  a  hundred  knights  as  a 
wedding  present,  which  tradi- 
tion says  is  still  preserved  at 
Winchester.  The  Table  would 
seat  150  knights  and  Arthur 
instituted  an  order  of  Knight- 
hood called  '  the  Knights  of 
the  Round  Table '  and  each 
seat  was  appropriated.  One 
of  the  seats  was  called  the 
*  Siege  Perilous '  and  was  re- 
served for  sir  Galahad  the 
Pure,  the  only  knight  who  could 
occupy  it  with  safety.  Some 
accounts  say  that  the  Round 
Table  was  made  in  token  of  the 
Toundness  of  the  world,  sug- 
gested by  the  movement  of  the 


Great  Bear  round  the  polar  star. 

But  now  the  whole  round  table  is  dissolved 
Which  was  an  image  of  the  mighty  world  ; 

and  others,  that  it  was  con- 
structed in  imitation  of  the 
table  used  by  our  Lord  and  His 
disciples  at  the  Last  Supper. 
Round  Tables  were  not  un- 
usual in  the  feudal  age,  for  it  is 
placed  on  record  that  one  of 
the  kings  of  Ireland  had  his 
'  Knights  of  the  Round  Table.' 
Roger  de  Mortimer  established 
at  Kenilworth  a  Round  Table, 
and  Edward  III  had  his  Round 
Table  at  Windsor  said  to  be 
200  feet  in  diameter.  Tradi- 
tion affirms  that  the  earliest 
use  of  the  Round  Tower  at 
Windsor  Castle  was  as  a  meeting- 
place  for  the  knights  of  the 
Garter. 

Morte  d? Arthur  ;  Pelleas 
and  Ettarre  ;  Last  Tourna- 
ment ;    Passing   of   Arthur. 

RUNNYMEDE. 

A  meadow  on  the  banks  of 
the  river  Thames  where  king 
John  signed  the  Magna  Charta, 
June   15,  1215. 

Third  of  February. 

RUSSIA. 

Locksley   Hall  Sixty    Tears 
After. 
RUTH. 

Fairer  than  Ruth  among  the  fields  of  corn, 
See  Ruth  ii. 

Aylmer's  Field. 
S  A  AT  AN  (Satan). 

Heer  wur  a  fall  fro'  a  kiss  to  a  kick  like  Saatan 
as  fell  <**"* 

Down  out  o'  heaven  i'  Hell-fire — thaw  theer's 
naw  drinkin'  i'  Hell ; 

Northern  Cobbler. 


SAB] 


253 


[ST 


IA&SAN. 

Dripping  with  Sabaan  spice 
On  thy  pillow,  lowly  bent 
With  melodious  airs  lovelorn, 
Breathing  Light  against  thy  face, 

=the  region  of  Saba  in 
Arabia,  celebrated  for  produc- 
ing aromatic  plants. 

Adeline. 

SABINE. 

but  she 
That  taught  the  Sabine  how  to  rule, 

Has  reference  to  Egeria,  a 
nymph  of  ancient  Italy  who 
taught  Numa  the  Sabine,  king 
of  Rome,  the  way  to  govern. 
He  used  to  meet  her  in  a  grove, 
in  which  was  a  well,  afterwards 
dedicated  by  him  to  the  Ca- 
menae. 

The  Princess. 

SAGRAMORE. 

A  knight  of  the  Round  Table. 

Merlin  and  Vivien. 

SAHIB. 

An  Indian  term  to  a  person 
of  rank. 

Aylmer's  Field. 

ST.  ANDREW. 

One  of  the  Apostles,  brother 
of  St.  Peter.  Suffered  martyr- 
dom by  crucifixion  at  Patrae 
in  Achaia. 

Queen  Mary. 

ST.  JAMES. 

they  led 
Processions,   chanted    litanies,   clash'd    then- 
bells, 
Shot  off  their  lying  cannon,  and  her  priests 
Have  preach'd,  the  fools,  of  this  fair  prince  to 

come;  *»< 

Till,  by  St.  James,'I  find  myself  the  fool. 

One  of  the  Apostles,  son  of 
Zebedee  and  brother  of  John. 
Was  the  first  martyr  among 
the  Apostles,  being  put  to  death 


by  Herod  Agrippa.     Acts  xii.  2. 
Queen  Mary. 

ST.  JOHN. 

What  saith  St.  John  :— 
'  Love  of  this  world  is  hatred  against  God.' 

One  of  the  Apostles,  son  of 
Zebedee  and  brother  of  James. 
Was  banished  to  the  Isle  of 
Patmos,  where  he  wrote  the 
Gospel,  the  Epistles  and  the 
Apocalypse. 

Queen  Mary. 

ST.  LAWRENCE. 

The  patience  of  St.  Lawrence  in  the  fire. 

A  deacon  of    the  Church  at 
Rome  who  suffered  martyrdom 
by  being  broiled  on  a   gridiron 
in  the  time  of  Valerian,  258  a.d. 
Queen  Mary. 

ST.  MARY'S. 

ST.  MARY'S  CHURCH. 

A  church  in  Oxford  where 
archbishop  Cranmer  was  taken 
to  read  his  recantation  in  public,, 
but  instead  of  complying  de- 
nounced the  errors  of  the  Church 
of  Rome. 

Queen  Mary. 
ST.  PAUL. 

Gardiner.  Word  of  God' 

In  English  !  over  this  the  brainless  loons 
That  cannot  spell  Esalas  from  St.  Paul, 
Make  themselves  drunk  and  mad,  fly  out  and 

flare 
Into  rebellions. 

Originally  called  Saul ;  the 
Apostle  of  the  Gentiles. 

Queen  Mary. 
ST.  PETER. 

Has  reference  to  St.  Peter,. 
the  Apostle,  originally  called 
Simon. 

Queen  Mary  ;  Becket. 

ST.  VALERY. 

St.  V.-sur-Somme,  mouth  o£ 


SAL] 


254 


[SAL 


the  river  Somme.  The  port 
from  which  William  duke  of 
Normandy  sailed  for  England. 

Harold.  Well  then,  we  must  fight. 

How  blows  the  wind  ? 

Gurth.  Against  St.  Valery 

And  William. 

Harold. 
SAL. 

A  girl  who  drowned  herself 
in  a  pond  in  Gigglesby  Wood 
because  she  had  been  disgraced. 
Spinster's  Sweet-Arts. 

SALADDEEN. 

Nay,  ev'n  the  accursed  heathen  Saladdeen — 

Refers  to  Saladin,  sultan  of 
Egypt  and  Syria,  the  Saracen 
leader  in  the  third  crusade. 

Becket. 

SALAMANCA. 

Were  you  at  Salamanca  ? 

Has  reference  to  the  confer- 
ence held  in  the  Convent  of  St. 
Stephen  at  Salamanca,  in  i486, 
to  consider  the  proposals  of 
Columbus.  Famous  for  the 
victory  won  by  the  duke  of 
Wellington  over  the  French, 
July  22,  1812. 

Columbus. 

SALEEM. 

thou  knowest  how  deep  a  well  of  love 
My  heart  is  for  my  son,  Saleem,  mine  heir, — 

Son  of  Akbar,  the  Mogul 
emperor. 

Akbar's  Dream. 

SALIQUE. 

till  warming  with  her  theme 
She  fulmined  out  her  scorn  of  laws  Salique 
And  little-footed  China, 

The  Laws  Salique  forbad  the 
succession  to  pass  through  the 
female  line.  The  laws  origin- 
ated amongst  the  Salic  or  Salian 
Franks,  a  German  tribe  in  the 


fifth  century.  The  accession  of 
Philip  the  Long  to  the  throne 
of  France  in  1337  seems  to  be 
the  first  time  on  which  it  re- 
ceived public  sanction,  Edward 
III  claiming  the  crown  of 
France  in  right  of  his  mother 
Isabella,  daughter  of  the  late 
king  Philip  V,  which  claims 
resulted  in  the  outbreak  of  the 
Hundred  Years'  War  between 
England  and  France. 

The  Princess. 

SALISBURY  (John  of).     See  John 
of  Salisbury. 

SALISBURY    (Bishop    of).     See 
Jocelyn. 

SALLY. 

The  wife  of  a  northern 
cobbler,  who  had  turned  to 
drink  and  ruined  his  home. 
Sally  was  obliged  to  take  in 
washing  to  '  keep  the  wolf  from 
the  door,'  and  during  her  • 
absence  her  husband  found  her 
earnings  and  spent  it  in  drink. 
Matters  got  worse,  and  when 
drunk  one  evening  he  kicked  his 
wife.  Good  seemed  to  come 
out  of  evil,  for  when  the 
cobbler  saw  Sally  walking  as  if 
lame,  he  was  ashamed  and  made 
a  promise  to  touch  drink  no 
more. 

Northern  Cobbler. 

SALLY. 

The  dead  wife  of  a  northern 
farmer,  who  must  have  exerted 
a  great  deal  of  influence  over 
him,  for  his  own  words  are  : 


SAL] 


255 


[SAN 


An'  I  ballus  coom'd  to  's  church  afoor  moy 
Sally  wur  dead, 

Northern  Farmer,  Old  Style. 

SALLY. 
SALLY  ALLEN. 

A  servant  to  farmer  Dobson. 
Promise  of  May. 

SALT  WOOD. 

SALT  WOOD  CASTLE. 

A  castle  near  Hythe,  in  Kent. 
When  Henry  II  confiscated  the 
property  of  the  See  of  Canter- 
bury during  the  time  Thomas 
Becket  (q.v)  was  an  exile  in 
France,  the  castle  was  granted 
by  the  king  to  Randulf  de  Broc. 
Upon  Becket's  return  to  Eng- 
land in  1 1 70  he  denounced 
and  excommunicated  De  Broc, 
and  hurled  a  candle  to  the  floor 
in  Canterbury  Cathedral  as  a 
symbol  of  the  extinction  of  the 
man  whom  he  had  cursed. 
This  castle  was  the  destination 
of  the  four  knights — murderers 
of  Becket — upon  their  arrival 
in  England  from  Normandy  in 
1 170,  and  the  place  where  they 
laid  their  plans  for  the  murder 
of  the  archbishop,  and  having 
accomplished  their  task,  rode 
back  to  the  castle  where  they 
remained  during  the  night  of 
December  30,  1170. 

They  rode  to  Saltwood  the  night  of  the  deed  ; 
the  next  day  to  South  Mailing.  On  entering 
the  house  they  threw  off  their  arms  and  trap- 
pings on  the  dining-table,  which  stood  in  the 
hall,  and  after  supper  gathered  round  the 
blazing  hearth.  Suddenly  the  table  started 
back  and  threw  its  burthen  to  the  ground. 
The  attendants,  roused  by  the  crash,  rushed 
in  with  lights,  and  replaced  the  arms.  But 
a  second  and  still  louder  crash  was  heard, 
and  the  various  articles  were  thrown  still 
further  off.  Soldiers  and  servants  with 
torches  scrambled  in  vain  under  the  solid 
table  to  find  the  cause  of  its  convulsions,  till 
one  of  the  conscience-stricken  knights  sug- 
gested that  it  was  indignantly  refusing  to 
.bear  the  sacrilegious  burthen  of  their  arms 


— the  earliest  and  most  memorable  instance 
of  a  rapping,  leaping,  and  moving  table. 
Stanley  :    Memorials  of  Canterbury. 

In  the  reign  of  John  the 
castle  reverted  once  more  to  the 
possessions  of  the  Church,  and 
during  the  twelfth  and  thir- 
teenth centuries  was  in  the 
occupation  of  various  knights 
as  tenants  of  the  archbishop 
of  Canterbury.  At  the  disso- 
lution of  the  monasteries  it  was 
voluntarily  presented  to  Henry 
VIII  by  archbishop  Cranmer. 
Becket. 

SAM. 

SAMMY. 

Foolish  son  of  a  modern 
northern  farmer,  who,  giving 
him  advice  as  to  marriage,  says : 

'  Doant  thou  marry  for  munny,  but  goa  wheer 
munny  is !  ' 

His  father  also  promised  him 
that  if  he  married  '  a  good  'un  ' 
he  would  leave  the  land  to  him. 

Northern  Farmer,  New  Style. 

SAMIAN. 

whene'er  she  moves 
The  Samian  Here  rises  and  she  speaks 
A  Memnon  smitten  with  the  morning  Sim.' 

Refers  to  Samos  an  island  off 
Asia  Minor,  where  a  large 
temple  in  honour  of  Here  the 
queen  of  Heaven  was  erected, 
of  which  remains  still  exist. 

The  Princess. 

SANDERS. 

A  man  in  a  crowd  who  was 
rebuked  by  Stephen  Gardiner, 
bishop  of  Winchester,  for  wear- 
ing his  cap  before  the  queen 
Mary.  He  offered  an  explana- 
tion that  he  was  so  '  squeezed 
among  the  crowd '  he  could 
not  lift  his  hands  to  his  head. 


SAN] 


256 


[SAU 


He  refused  at  first  to  give  his 
name  to  Gardiner,  but  after- 
wards said  his  name  was  Sanders, 
and  he  lived  in  Cornhill  at  the 
Sign  of  the  Talbot. 

Queen  Mary. 

SANGUELAC. 

ss  A  bloody  fountain. 

According  to  tradition  a  San- 
guelac,  or  a  bloody  fountain,  is 
said  to  have  sprung  up  on  the 
hill  of  Senlac  after  the  battle, 
which  prompted  William  the 
Conqueror  to  found  Battle 
Abbey  as  an  atonement  for  the 
blood  that  had  been  shed,  as 
well  as  for  a  commemoration 
of  his  victory. 

Harold. 
SAN  PHILIP. 

The  flagship  of  the  Spanish 
fleet  in  the  battle  with  sir 
Richard  Grenville  (q.v.)  off  the 
Azores  in  1591. 

The  Revenge. 

SAN  SALVADOR. 

An  island  in  the  West  Indies 
on  which  Columbus  landed 
on  October  12,  1492.  The 
native  name  was  Guanahani, 
but  Columbus  changed  it  to 
San  Salvador. 

and  last  the  light,  the  light 
On  Guanahani !  but  I  changed  the  name ; 
San  Salvador  I  call'd  it ; 


Columbus. 


SAPPHO. 


arts  of  grace 
Sappho  and  others  vied  with  any  man: 

A  poetess  of  ancient  Greece 
of  the  seventh  century  B.C. 
She  was  a  native  of  Mitylene 
in  Lebos  and  a  contemporary 
of  Alcaeus  and  of  Pittacus,  who 


banished  her  from  Lebos.  Of 
her  poetry  only  a  few  fragments 
remain. 

The  Princess. 
SARACEN. 

Whatever  wealth  I  brought  from  that  new 

world 
Should,  in  this  old,  be  consecrate  to  lead 
A  new  crusade  against  the  Saracen, 
And  free  the  Holy  Sepulchre  from  thrall. 

A  name  given  by  the  Cru- 
saders to  the  Mohammedans 
in  the  Holy  Land. 

Columbus  ;     Queen   Mary  ; 
Becket. 
SASSENACH  WHATE. 

'  Ochone  are  ye  goin'  away .  ? 
'  Goin'  to  cut  the  Sasscnach-whate  '  he  says 
'  over  the  say  ' — 


English  Wheat. 


Tomorrow. 


SATRAP. 

when  her  Satrap  bled 
At  Issus  by  the  Syrian  gates, 

A  governor  of  a  province  in 
ancient  Persia. 

Alexander. 
SATURN. 

Still   as,   while   Saturn  J  whirls,   his   stedfast 

shade 
Sleeps  on  his  luminous  ring.' 

The  planet  of  the  solar  system 
which  revolves  on  its  own  axis 
in  about  io|  hours.  It  is 
surrounded  by  a  bright  ring 
which,  when  the  shadow  Saturn 
is  cast  upon  it,  appears  motion- 
less, though  the  body  of  the 
planet  revolves. 

Palace  of  Art. 
SAUL. 

They  say  the  gloom  of  Saul 
Was  lighten'd  by  young  David's  harp. 

The  first  king  of  Israel,  son 
of   Kish  of  the  tribe  of  Ben- 


jamin. 
SAUL.    See  Paul. 


Queen  Mary. 


SAV] 


257 


[SCO 


SAVOY. 

A  duchy  to  the  north-east 
of  France. 

Queen  Mary. 
SCARBORO'  CASTLE. 

The  Castle,  now  a  ruin,  was 
built  in  the  reign  of  Stephen, 
and  has  been  the  scene  of  many 
stirring  events.  Piers  Gaveston, 
the  favourite  of  Edward  II, 
sought  refuge  here  from  the 
barons  in  131 2,  but  the  earl 
of  Pembroke  compelled  him  to 
surrender  and  he  was  beheaded. 
In  the  Pilgrimage  of  Grace  it 
was  unsuccessfully  besieged  by 
sir  Robert  Aske.  During 
Wyatt's  rebellion  in  the  reign 
of  Mary,  sir  Thomas  Stafford, 
grandson  of  the  duke  of  Buck- 
ingham who  was  an  exile  in 
France,  sailed  from  Dieppe  with 
two  vessels  manned  by  thirty 
Englishmen  and  landing  in 
Yorkshire,  surprised  and  cap- 
tured the  castle,  but  three  days 
afterwards  it  was  retaken  by 
the  earl  of  Westmorland,  and 
Stafford  and  all  his  men  were 
executed. 

Sir  Thomas  Stafford,  a  bull- headed  ass, 
Sailing  from  France,  with  thirty  Englishmen, 
Hath  taken  Scarboro'  Castle,  north  of  York  ; 

It  was  in  this  castle  that 
George  Fox,  the  first  of  the 
people  called  Quakers,  was  im- 
prisoned for  his  religious  opin- 
ions, in  the  reign  of  Charles  I. 
Queen  Mary. 

SCARLET. 

Will  Scarlet,  one  of  the  com- 
panions of  Robin  Hood  in 
Sherwood  Forest. 

The  Foresters. 


SCARLETT. 

Sir  James  Yorke  Scarlett, 
son  of  James  Scarlett,  first 
baron  Abinger.  Appointed 
General  and  Leader  of  the 
Heavy  Brigade  in  the  Crimea, 
and  on  October  25  led  the 
famous  charge  of  the  Heavy 
Brigade  at  Balaclava.  In  1855 
he  was  appointed  to  com- 
mand the  entire  British  Cavalry 
in  the  Crimea. 

Charge  of  the  Heavy  Brigade 
at  Balaclava. 

SCARLETT'S  BRIGADE. 

The  brigade  commanded  by 

sir    James  Yorke  Scarlett  (q.v.) 

at  Balaclava,  October  25,  1854. 

Charge  of  the  Heavy  Brigade 

at  Balaclava. 

SCIZZARS. 

Name  of  a  horse. 

Scizzars  an'  Pumpy  was  good  uns  to  goa 

Thruf  slush  an'  squad 

When  roads  was  bad, 
But  ha  11  us  ud  stop  at  the  Vine-an'-the-Hop, 
Fur  bo.'ith  on  'em  knawed  as  well  as  mysen 
That  beer  be  as  good  fur  'erses  as  men. 

Promise  of  May. 

SCORY  (John). 

A  Dominican  Friar  born  at 
Acle  in  Norfolk.  On  the  dis- 
solution of  the  monasteries  he 
became  Chaplain  to  archbishop 
Cranmer.  Created  bishop  of 
Rochester  in  1551,  and  trans- 
lated to  Chichester  in  the 
following  year.  On  the  acces- 
sion of  Mary  he  was  deprived 
of  his  living  on  account  of 
being  married  ;  was  compelled 
by  Gardiner  to  renounce  his 
wife  ;  did  penance,  and  received 
absolution ;  and  soon  after- 
s 


SCO] 


258 


iSCO 


wards  fled  to  Germany ;  but 
returned  in  the  reign  of  Eliza- 
beth (1558),  and  was  created 
bishop  of  Hereford. 

Quern  Mary. 

SCOTLAND. 

Queen     Mary  ;      Harold.  ; 
'The  Foresters. 

SCOTS,  MARY,  QUEEN  OF. 

Only  daughter  of  James  V  of 
Scotland  and  Mary  of  Guise ; 
became  queen  when  only  a 
week  old.  The  more  import- 
ant years  of  her  early  life  were 
spent  in  France,  and  in  1558  she 
was  married  to  the  Dauphin. 
On  the  death  of  Mary  she 
formally  claimed  the  English 
crown  on  the  ground  that 
Elizabeth  was  illegitimate,  and 
in  1560  on  the  death  of  her 
husband  returned  to  Scotland, 
having  escaped  the  English 
ships  of  war  sent  out  by  Eliza- 
beth to  intercept  her.  Some 
years  later,  in  spite  of  protest, 
she  married  her  cousin  lord 
Damley,  a  man  with  lack  of 
character  and  ability,  who  found 
himself  superseded  in  the 
Queen's  counsels  by  David 
Rizzio,  an  Italian  and  court 
favourite,  who  was  subsequently 
murdered  in  the  presence  of 
the  queen  on  March  9,  1566. 
Three  months  later  her  only 
son  (afterwards  James  VI  of 
Scotland  and  I  of  England), 
was  born  in  Edinburgh  Castle. 
In  February  1567,  as  Darnky 
was  lying  ill  in  a  small  mansion 


in  Edinburgh  it  was  blown  up 
by  the  earl  of  Bothwell ;  and 
the  queen's  subsequent  marriage 
with  the  earl  lent  suspicion  that 
she  herself  was  not  wholly 
ignorant  of  the  plot.  The 
nobles  rose  in  rebellion  and  the 
queen  escaped  to  Dunbar,  but 
surrendering  at  Carberry  was 
conveyed  to  Loch  Leven,  where 
she  was  compelled  to  abdicate 
in  favour  of  her  son  who  was 
— a  few  days  later — crowned 
at  Stirling.  Escaping  from  Loch 
Leven  castle,  she  found  herself 
at  the  head  of  an  army  of  6,000 
men,  which  was  defeated  near 
Glasgow,  and  a  few  days  later 
fled  to  England,  only  to  find 
herself  a  prisoner.  Catholic 
plots  were  formed  to  liberate 
her  and  place  her  on  the  Eng- 
lish throne,  the  chief  of  which 
was  the  Babington  plot,  which 
had  for  its  object  the  assassina- 
tion of  Elizabeth.  Letters  in 
Mary's  handwriting  approving 
of  the  assassination  were  found, 
and  in  September  1586  she  was 
brought  to  trial.  Sentence  of 
death  was  passed  on  October 
25  of  the  same  year,  but  it 
was  not  until  February  1,  1587, 
that  Elizabeth  signed  the  death 
warrant.  The  execution  took 
place  on  the  8th  of  the  same 
month  and  her  body  was  buried 
at  Peterborough.  In  161 2  it 
was  removed  to  Henry  VI IPs 
chapel  at  Westminster,  where 
it  now  lies  in  a  tomb  erected 
by  her  son  James. 

Queen  Mary. 


SCO] 


259 


LSER 


SCOTT. 

Sir  Walter  Scott,  the  Scottish 
novelist,    to    whom    the   poem 
The  Bandit's  Death  is  dedicated. 
Bandit's  Death. 

SCRATBY. 

He'll  niver  swap  Owlby  an'  Scratby  fur  owl 
bat  the  Kingdom  o'  Heaven ; 

Church-warden  and  the  Curate. 

SCRITCH-OWL. 

=  the    Barn    or  screech-owl, 
so    called    from    its    screeching 
cry,     and     superstitiously     re- 
garded as  a  bird  of  evil  men. 
The  Foresters. 
'SDEATH. 

=  An  exclamation   of  anger. 
Corrupted  from  God's  death. 
The  Princess. 
SEAL. 

I'cannot  cease  to  follow  you,  as  they  say 
The  seal  does  mask: ; 

An  aquatic  carnivorous  mam- 
mal of  the  family  Phocida. 
Lake  other  animals,  the  seal  is 
said  to  be  strongly  attracted  by 
musical  sounds. 

The  Princess. 

SEAMEW— SEA-MEW. 

=  The  sea-gull. 

In  Memoriam  ;  Harold. 

SEA-SNAKE. 

=  A  sea-serpent. 

The  Mermaid. 
SEELING. 

Yet  while  they  rode  together  down  the  plain 
Then-  talk  was  all  of  training,  terms  of  art, 
Diet  and  seeling,  jesses,  leash  and  lure. 

Has  reference  to  the  custom 
of  closing  the  eyes  of  a  hawk 
by  sewing  the  eyelids  together. 
This  custom  was  in  time 
superseded  by  hoods. 

Merlin  and  Vivien. 


SEINE. 

Proclaiming  social  troth  shall  spread. 
And  justice,  ev'n  tho'  thrice  again . 
The  red  fool-fury  of  the  Seine 

Should  pile  her  barricades  with  dead. 

as  The  Red  Republicanism  of 
France. 

In  Memoriav:. 

SENESCHAL. 

=  A  steward.    An  officer  in 
the   house  of  a  prince  in  the 
Mediaeval  ages  who  had  the  su- 
perintendence of  functions,  etc. 
The   Falcon ;     Garetb    and 
Lynette ;        Marriage       of 
Geraint ;  Last  Tournament. 

SENLAC. 
SENLAC  HILL. 

A  hill  near  Hastings  where 
the  battle  of  Senlac — between 
Harold  and  William  of  Nor- 
mandy— was  fought  on  October 
14,  1066.  Battle  Abbey,  which 
stands  upon  the  spot  where 
Harold  fell,  was  founded  by 
William  to  commemorate  this 
battle. 

Harold. 

SENS. 

A  French  town.  Its  original 
building  is  the  Gothic  cathedral 
of  St.  Stephen,  where  are  pre- 
served the  vestments  of  Thomas 
Becket. 

Becket. 

SERPENT. 

A  general  term  for  any  reptile 
of  the  order  Opbidia. 

Alexander  ;  In  Memoriam  ; 
Geraint  and  Enid ;  Holy 
Grail ;  Locksley  Hall  Sixty 
Tears  After  ;  Demeter  and 
Persephone. 


SEV] 


260 


[SHE 


SEVERN. 

The  Danube  to  the  Severn  gave 

The  darken'd  heart  that  beat  no  more : 
They  laid  him  by  the  pleasant  shore, 

And  in  the  hearing  of  the  wave. 

Arthur  Henry  Hallam  died  at 
Vienna  on  the  Danube,  and  was 
buried  at  Clevedon  on  the 
Severn. 

In  Memoriam. 

SEVERN. 

but,  last, 
Allowing  it,  the  Prince  and  Enid  rode, 
And  fifty  knights  rode  with  them ,  to  the  shores 
Of  Severn,  and  they  past  to  their  own  land  : 

King  Arthur's  Court  being 
held  at  Caerleon-upon-Usk,  it 
was  necessary  for  the  knights 
who  attended  to  cross  the 
Severn  when  returning  to  their 
homes. 

Marriage    of     Geraint  ; 
Geraint  and  Enid. 

SEVILLE. 

Let  us  bang  these  dogs  of  Seville,  the  children 
of  the  devil, 

A  city  of  Spain  and  the  port 
from  which  the  squadron  which 
fought  sir  Richard  Grenville 
off  the  Azores  in  1591  was 
fitted  out. 

The  Revenge. 

SHAKESPEARE. 

A  famous  English  poet,  and 
the  greatest  of  dramatists. 

Palace  of  Art ;  You  might 
have  won  ;  In  Memoriam  ; 
To  E.  Fitzgerald  ;  To  W.  C. 
Macready. 

SHALOTT,  ISLAND  OF. 

The  enchanted  island  on 
which  was  situated  the  castle 
in  which  dwelt  the  lady  of 
Shalott  (q.v.) 

Lady  of  Shalott. 


SHALOTT,  LADY  OF.     See  Lady 
of  Shalott. 

SHAMUS. 
SHAMUS  O'SHEA. 

Friend  of  Danny  O'Roon, 
both  of  whom  were  frequent 
visitors  to  Katty's  shebeen. 
Shamus  loved  Molly  Magee  and 

'Ud  'a  shot  his  own  sowl  dead  for  a  kiss  of  ye, 
Molly  Magee. 

Tomorrow. 
SHEBA. 

No,  not  to  answer,  Madam,  all    those    hard 

things 
That  Sheba  came  to  ask  of  Solomon.' 

Refers  to  the  queen  of  Sheba's 
visit  to  Solomon  at  Jerusalem. 
1  Kings  x.  1 -1 3. 

The  Princess. 


SHEBEEN. 

=  A  grog-shop. 


Tomorrozc. 


Becket. 


SHE-GOAT. 

=  A  female  goat. 

SHELLEY. 

My  Shelley  would  fall  from  my  hands  whtc 
he  cast  a  contemptuous  glance 

From  where  he  was  poring  over  bis  Tables 
of  Trade  and  Finance  ; 

=  The  poems  of  Percy  Bysshe 
Shelley. 

The  Wreck. 

SHEPHERD-DOG. 

A  dog  specially  trained  to 
help  in  tending  sheep. 

Leonine  Elegiacs. 

SHERWOOD. 
SHERWOOD  FOREST. 

Originally  a  royal  forest 
situated  in  the  west  of  the 
county  of  Nottingham,  but  is 


SHI] 


261 


[SIE 


now  almost  disafforested,  being 
occupied  by  gentlemen's  resi- 
dences, the  town  of  Mansfield, 
and  several  villages.  It  was 
the  scene  of  the  exploits  of  the 
famous  outlaw  Robin  Hood 
and  his  merry  men,  and  of 
several  conflicts  during  the 
Wars  of  the  Roses. 

The  Foresters. 

SHIAH. 

And  warms  the  blood  of  Shiah  and  Sunnee, 
Symboljthe  Eternal ! 

On  the  death  of  Mahomet  the 
Church  which  he  had  founded 
was  divided  into  two  sections, 
the  Shiahs  and  the  Sunnees. 
The  former  are  the  champions 
of  Ali,  the  fourth  Califf,  Ma- 
homet's nephew,  and  recog- 
nized the  right  of  succession 
to  the  prophet  to  rest  with  him 
and  his  descendants.  The  Per- 
sians belong  to  this  sect.  The 
Sunnees,  or  Sunnites,  accept 
the  teaching  of  the  Prophet  as 
of  the  same  authority  as  the 
Koratiy  as  their  rule  of  faith 
and  manners,  and  accept  the 
four  Califs — Abu  Beker,  Omar, 
Othman  and  Ali — as  the  true 
successors  of  Mahomet.  To 
this  sect  the  Turks  belong. 

Akbar's  Dream. 

SHREW. 

A  small  animal  resembling 
a  mouse,  but  having  a  longer 
and  more  pointed  nose. 

Gareth  and  Lynette. 

SHRIKE. 

A  bird  of  the  family  Laniidce 
having  a  strong  hooked  bill.     It 


impales  its  prey  on  thorns, 
hence  it  is  called  also  the 
butcher  bird. 

Maud. 

SHUSHAN. 

O  Vashti,  noble  Vashti !     Summon'd  out 
She  kept  her  state,  and  left  the  drunken  king 
To  brawl  at  Shushan  underneath  the  palms. 
See  Esther  Hi.  15. 


The  Princess. 


SICILIAN. 


Poet-like,  as  the  great  Sicilian  called 
Calliope  to  grace  his  golden  verse — 

Theocritus,  the  bucolic  poet 
of  Greece,  born  at  Syracuse, 
in  the  third  century,  B.C.  His 
poems,  some  thirty  in  number, 
are  pictures  of  Sicilian  life,  and 
are  much  admired  for  their 
beauty  and  elegance.  The  date 
of  his  death  is  not  known,  but 
it  is  supposed  that  for  having 
written  some  satire  of  Hiero, 
king  of  Syracuse,  he  was  by  this 
king  ordered  to  be  strangled 
in  300  B.C. 

Lucretius. 


SICILY. 


Queen  Mary. 


SIEGE  PERILOUS. 

The  Round  Table  made  by 
Merlin  contained  150  sieges. 
One  of  these  was  called  the 
'  Siege  Perilous '  and  was  re- 
served for  the  knight  who 
achieved  the  quest  of  the  Holy 
Grail.  The  Round  Table  is 
supposed  to  have  been  an  imita- 
tion of  the  Table  of  the  Holy 
Grail  made  by  Joseph  of  Arima- 
thaea,  but  whether  the  vacant 
seat  represented  the  one  in 
which  Christ  Himself  sat,  or  the 
traitor    Judas,    opinions    differ 


SIGJ 


262 


[SIN 


Every  seat  at  the  table  was  in- 
scribed with  the  name  of  its 
occupant,  and  the  name  on 
the  •  Siege  Perilous '  was '  Gala- 
had the  Pure.' 

Holy  Grail. 

SIGN  OF  THE  TALBOT. 

An  Inn  sign. 

Queen  Mary. 

SILENT  ISLE.     See  Maeldune. 

Voyage  of  Maeldune. 

SIMEON. 

SIMEON  STYLITES. 

A  famous  monk — founder  of  a 
class  of  recluses,  called  '  Pillar- 
? runts ' — who  lived  in  extreme 
seclusion  in  a  Syrian  monastery 
for  nine  years.  At  the  end  of 
that  time  he  retired  to  the 
Syrian  desert,  where  he  lived 
for  thirty  years  on  the  top  of 
a  pillar  seventy-two  feet  high, 
engaged  in  prayer  and  preach- 
ing. He  died  on  his  pillar 
at  the  age  of  seventy-two  and 
was  buried  at  Antioch.  Gib- 
bon's Decline  and  Fall  of  the 
Roman  Empire  gives  an  account 
of  this  monk. 

St.  Simeon  Stylites. 

SIMOIS. 

A  river  of  Troy  which  has 
its  origin  in  mount  Ida.  It 
joins  the  Scamander,  which 
also  has  its  source  in  the  same 
mountain,  in  the  plain  of 
Troas,  and  flowing  north-east 
falls  into  the  Hellespont. 

(Enone. 


SIMON. 

SIMON  RENARD. 

Spanish  ambassador  to  the 
English  court,  time  of  queen 
Mary. 

Queen  Mary. 

SINAI. 

But  in  the  darkness  and  the  cloud, 
As  over  Sinai's  peaks  of  old, 
While  Israel  made  their  gods  of  gold, 

Altho'  the  trumpet  blew  so  loud. 

=  True  Faith  is  enveloped 
with  perplexity,  as  God  was 
hidden  in  the  cloud  of  fire  and 
smoke  on  Mount  Sinai.  Exodus 
xix.  16. 

In  Memoriam. 

S1NNATUS. 

Sinnatus  was  a  libertine, 
tetrarch  of  Galatia,  but  being 
suspected  of  infidelity  to  Rome 
Antonius,  a  Roman  General, 
was  sent  to  investigate  his 
honour,  and  was  accompanied 
by  an  ex-tetrarch,  named 
Synorix.  Some  time  before  he 
held  the  tetrarchy,  Synorix  had 
become  enamoured  with  Camma, 
the  beautiful  wife  of  Sinnatus, 
a  priestess  of  Artemis,  but  being 
unable  to  win  her  by  persuasion 
or  force,  perpetrated  a  dreadful 
deed.  He  sent  to  Camma  a 
golden  cup  embossed  with  the 
figure  of  Artemis,  and  then  by 
chance  fell  in  with  Sinnatus  in 
a  hunting  expedition.  At  the 
end  of  the  day's  sport  Sinnatus 
invited  Synorix  to  his  house  ; 
where  the  traitor  excited 
Camma's  fear  by  swearing  that 
Antonius  knew  Sinnatus  to  be 
false  to  Rome,  and  begged  her 
to  ask  for  mercy  for  her  hus- 


SIR] 


263 


[SKI 


band  at  the  hands  of  the  Roman 
General.  Camma  presented 
herself  at  the  camp,  but  instead 
of  Antonius  she  found  Synorix. 
Drawing  her  dagger  against 
him,  she  was  disarmed,  and 
Sinnatus  rushing  to  the  rescue 
was  slain  by  Synorix.  Camma 
fled  to  the  Temple  for  safety, 
and  was  subsequently  installed 
Priestess,  and  Synorix  who  had 
been  appointed  Prince  of 
Galatia,  asked  for  her  hand. 
She  accepted  him,  and  crowned 
herself  queen  of  Galatia  ;  but 
Camma,  learning  how  treacher- 
ously Synorix  had  deceived  her, 
poisoned  the  libation  in  the 
cup  which  Synorix  had  handed 
to  her ;  and  after  she  had 
drunk  a  portion  of  the  liquid 
she  bade  him  drink  the  rest ; 
after  he  had  done  so  she  burst 
into  a-  fierce  thanksgiving  that 
she  had  been  permitted  to 
avenge  the  death  of  her  mur- 
dered husband,  and  she  and  her 
would-be  betrayer  died  together. 
The  Cup. 
SIRENS. 

O  sister,  Sirens  tho'  they  be,  were  such 

As  chanted  on  the  blanching  bones  of  men  ? 

In  Greek  mythology,  the 
Sirens  were  sea-nymphs,  the 
virgin  daughters  of  Phorcys. 
They  dwelt  on  the  shores  of  an 
island  between  Circe's  isle  and 
Scylla,  and  sang  with  such 
sweetness  that  they  allured  and 
infatuated  all  who  passed  by  to 
draw  near,  but  only  to  meet 
with  death.  In  Homer  there 
are  two,  in  later  writers  three, 
their      names      being     Ligeia, 


Parthenope,    and    Leucothea. 
The  Princess. 

SIRIUS. 

A  dog-star,  the  brightest  star 
in  the  heavens  and  one  of  the 
stars  of  the  southern  Constella- 
tion. 

The  Princess. 
SIRMIO. 

The  ancient  name  of  modern 
Sirmione,  on  the  Lago  di  Garda, 
Frater  Ave  Atque  Vale. 

SIRMIONE. 

Gazing  at  the  Lydian  laughter  of  the  Garda 

Lake  below 
Sweet  Catullus's  all-but-island,  olive-silvery 

Sirmio  ! 

A  promontory  which  pro- 
jects from  the  southern  shore 
of  Lake  Garda,  and  still  con- 
tains the  ruins  of  a  villa  said 
to  have  been  the  country-  house 
of  Catullus,  who  wrote  his 
poems  there.  Here  Tennyson 
wrote  his  Frater  Ave  Atque  Vale. 
Frater  Ave  Atque  Vale. 

SIX  HUNDRED. 

Consisted  of  the  13th  Light 
Dragoons,  the  17th  Lancers, 
the  nth  Hussars,  the  4th 
Light  Dragoons,  and  the  8th 
Hussars,  known  as  the  Light 
Brigade  who  made  the  famous 
charge  at  the  battle  of  Balaclava. 

Half  a  league,  half  a  league, 

Half  a  league  onward, 
All  in  the  valley  of  Death 

Rode  the  six  hundred. 
'  Forward,  the  Light  Brigade  ! 
Charge  for  the  guns  ! '  he  said  : 
Into  the  valley  of  Death 

Rode  the  six  hundred. 

Charge  of  the  Light  Brigade. 

SKIPWORTH. 

A  farm  labourer. 

Promise  of  May. 


SKY] 


264 


[SOO 


SKYLARK. 

A  lark  that  mounts  towards 
the  sky,  and  sings  on  the  wing. 
Miller's  Daughter. 

SLEUTH-HOUND. 

A  hound  that  tracks  game  by 
the  scent ;    a  bloodhound. 

Gareth  and  Lynette. 

SLOE. 

SLOE-TREE. 

=  The  Blackthorn. 

The     Flight;      To     Mary 
Boyle  ;  Amp  hi  on. 

SLOW-WORM. 

=  the  blind-worm,  a  reptile 
that     feeds     on     earth-worms. 
According  to  Skeat  a  slay-worm. 
Aylmer's  Field. 

SMITH   (Dan).    See   Dan   Smith. 

SNAKE. 

=  a  serpent. 

Queen  Mary  ;  (Enone  ; 
Poet's  Song  ;  The  Princess  ; 
Marriage  of  Geraint  ;  Mer- 
lin and  Vivien ;  Holy 
Grail ;  Pelleas  and  Et- 
tarre  ;  Last  Tournament  ; 
Lover's  Tale ;  Death  of 
(Enone ;  St.  Telemachus ; 
Becket. 

SNIPE. 

A  bird  of  the  family  Scolo- 
pacida^  having  a  long,  straight, 
flexible  bill. 

On  a  Mourner. 

SNOWDON. 

A  mountain  in  North  Wales. 
Golden  Year. 
SNOWDROP. 

A  bulbous  plant  with  a  white 


bell-shaped  flower,  which  often 
appears  while  the  snow  is  on 
the  ground. 

May  Queen ;  St.  Agnes' 
Eve  ;  The  Princess  ;  Last 
Tournament;  Early  Spring; 
Progress  of  Spring. 

SOLECISMS. 

A  name  given  to  the  incon- 
gruity of  language  in  the 
combination  of  a  sentence. 
Supposed  to  have  been  derived 
from  the  city  of  Soli  in  Cilicia, 
whose  inhabitants — in  conse- 
quence of  their  intercourse  with 
the  natives — spoke  very  bad 
Greek. 

The  Princess. 

SOLENT. 

So  Harry  went  over  the  Solent  to  see  if  work 
could  be  found  ; 

Separates  the  Isle  of  Wight 
from  the  mainland. 

First  Quarrel. 

SOLOMON. 

No,  not  to  answer,  Madam,  all  those  hard 

things 
That  Sheba  came  to  ask  of  Solomon.' 

Refers  to  the  queen  of  Sheba 's 
visit  to  Solomon  at  Jerusalem. 
1  Kings  x.  1 -1 3. 

The  Princess. 
SOLOMON. 

but  had  I  brought 
From  Solomon's  now-recover'd  Ophir  all 
The  gold  that  Solomon's  navies  carried  home 
Would  that  have  gilded  me  ? 

Set  1  Kings  x.  2. 


See  Ophir. 


Columbus. 


SOMERSET— SOMERSETSHIRE. 

Marriage  of  Geraint ;  Pro- 
mise of  May. 

SOOMERSET  (Somerset). 

Promise  of  May. 


SOU] 


265 


[SPL 


SOUDAN. 

Warrior  of  God,  man's  friend,  and  tyrant's 

foe, 
Now  somewhere  dead  far  in  the  waste  Soudan, 

Refers  to  the  death  of  general 
Gordon  at  Khartoum. 
Epitaph  on  General  Gordon. 


SOUTHWARK. 


SPAIN. 


Queen  Mary. 


The  Revenge  ;  Columbus  ; 
"The  Wreck;  The  Ring; 
Queen  Mary. 

SPANIEL. 

A  sporting  dog,  having  long 
and  thick  hair  and  large  droop- 
ing ears. 

Promise  of  May. 

SPARHAWK. 

=the  sparrow-hawk. 

Sir   Launcelot   and    Queen 
Guinevere. 

SPARROW. 

A  small  bird  of  the  family 
Fringillidee. 

Mariana  ;  Amphion  ;  The 
Window  ;  Maud ;  Marri- 
age of  Geraint. 

SPARROW-GRASS. 

A  corruption  of  Asparagus. 
Spinster's  Sweet-Arts. 

SPARROW-HAWK. 

=  A  small  European  hawk. 
Marriage  of  Geraint. 

SPARTAN. 

and  why  should  I  not  play 
The  Spartan  Mother  with  emotion,  be 
The  Lucius  Junius  Brutus  of  my  kind  ? 

Has  reference  to  the  idea 
prevalent  among  the  Spartans 
that  man  lived  for  his  country's 


welfare    and    must    make    any 
sacrifice  in  its  behalf. 

The  Princess. 

SPEEDWELL. 

A  plant  with  blue,  white,  or 
pink  flowers. 
Promise  of  May  ;   In  Memoriam. 

SPHINX. 

and  that  smooth  rock 
Before  it,  altar  fashion'd,  where  of  late 
The    woman-breasted    Sphinx,    with    wings 

drawn  back, 
Folded  her  lion  paws,  and  look'd  to  Thebes. 

A  monster,  the  daughter  of 
Chimera,  represented  with  the 
body  of  a  winged  lion  and  breast 
and  head  of  a  maiden.  Juno 
sent  her  to  Thebes,  and  taking 
up  her  abode  upon  a  rock  near 
the  city  asked  every  passer-by 
the  following  conundrum  : 
1  What  creature  walks  upon 
four  legs  in  the  morning,  upon 
two  at  noon,  and  upon  three 
in  the  evening  ?  '  and  all  those 
who  were  unable  to  answer  it 
she  punished  by  throwing  them 
from  the  rock.  CEdibus,  son 
of  Laius,  however,  succeeded 
in  solving  the  riddle  rightly, 
whereupon  she  flung  herself 
from  the  rock  and  was  dashed 
to  pieces. 

Tiresias. 

SPIDER. 

A  web-spinning,  apterous  in- 
sect of  the  class  Arachnida. 

The  Princess  ;  Merlin  and 
Vivien ;  Becket ;  The 
Foresters. 

SPLUGEN. 

What  more  ?  we  took  our  last  adieu, 
And  up  the  snowy  Splugen  drew, 


SQU] 


266 


[STE 


But  ere  we  reach'd  the  highest  summit 
I  pluck'd  a  daisy,  I  gave  it  you. 

An  Alpine  pass  in  the  Grisons. 
The  Daisy. 
SQUIRREL. 

A  reddish-brown  rodent  ani- 
mal, with  a  long  tufted  tail. 
The       Princess ;        Lover's 
Tale ;    Prologue  to  General 
Hamley ;      The    Foresters. 

STAFFORD    (Sir    Thomas).    See 
Thomas  Stafford. 

STAG. 

A  male  red-deer. 

Becket;     The    Cup ;     The 
Foresters. 
STAG-TUCKEY. 

=  A  turkey-cock. 
Church-warden  and  the  Curate. 

STAMFORD-BRIDGE. 

A  village  on  the  river  Der- 
went,  where  king  Harold  de- 
feated Harold  Hardrada  (q.v.) 
king  of  Norway  on  September 
25,  1066. 

Harold. 
STAMFORD-TOWN. 

Weeping,  weeping  late  and  early, 

Walking  up  and  pacing  down, 
Deeply  mourn'd  the  Lord  of  Burleigh, 

Burleigh-house  by  Stamford-town. 

A  town  in  Lincolnshire. 
Lord  of  Burleigh. 
STANDARD. 

=  A  tree  not  supported  or 
attached  to  a  wall. 

The  Blackbird. 
STATES. 

He's  gone  to  the  States,  aroon,  an'  he's  married 

another  wife, 
An'  ye'll  niver  set  eyes  an  the  face  of  the 

thraithur  agin  in  hie ! 

ss  United  States. 

Tomorrow. 


STEER. 

A  farmer. 

Promise  of  May. 

STEER  (Dora).    See  Dora,  Dora 
Steer. 

STEERS  (Family  of). 

Promise  of  May. 
STEEVIE. 

Name  of  a  man  and  a  cat. 
Spinster's  Sweet-Arts. 
STEPHEN  (Saint). 

The     first     martyr     of     the 
Christian    church,    stoned     to 
death,  a.d.   33.     See    Acts  vii. 
Two  Voices. 
STEPHEN. 

Name    of   the    lover   of    the 
speaker  in  the  poem. 

The  Wreck. 
STEPHEN. 

King    of    England,    son    of 
Stephen,  earl  of  Blois,  and  Adela, 
daughter  of  William  the  Con- 
queror ;      crowned     at     West- 
minster   1 135.     Matilda    (q.v.) 
daughter  of  Henry  I,  and  wife 
of  emperor  Henry  IV,  was  the 
legitimate  heir  to   the  throne, 
but   Stephen,  taking  advantage 
of  her  absence,  obtained  posses- 
sion of  it.     Matilda  landed  in 
England  in  11 39  and  in   1142 
Stephen  was  taken  prisoner  at 
the   battle   of   Lincoln    by   the 
earl  of  Gloucester,  and  sent  to 
Bristol,    but    was    subsequently 
released  in  exchange  for  Glou- 
cester— who  had  been  captured 
by  the  friends  of  Stephen — and 
again  crowned   1141.     Eventu- 
ally   peace    was    concluded    by 
which     it     was     agreed     that 


STE 


267 


[SUF 


Matilda's  son  Henry  should  be 
Stephen's  successor.  For  several 
years  he  was  in  conflict 
with  Rome,  whereby  an  inter- 
dict was  laid  upon  the  kingdom 
in  1 148,  and  some  years  later 
failed  to  obtain  the  pope's  sanc- 
tion to  the  crowning  of  his  son 
Eustace.  He  died  in  11 54,  and 
was  buried  in  Feversham  Abbey, 
which  he  had  founded. 

Becket. 

STEPHEN       GARDINER.        See 
Gardiner. 

STIGAND. 

Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 
A  Saxon  prelate  who  was 
created  bishop  of  the  East 
Angles  in  1038  by  Edward 
the  Confessor.  Soon  after  was 
deprived,  but  reinstated  in  1044. 
Created  bishop  of  Winchester 
in  1047  and  in  1052  was  trans- 
lated to  Canterbury,  but  al- 
though pope  Benedict  sent  him 
the  Pall,  his  appointment  was 
generally  looked  upon  as  uncan- 
onical. 

Old  uncanonical  Stigand — ask  of  me 
Who  had  my  pallium  from  an  Antipope ! 

On  the  death  of  Harold  he 
supported  Edgar  Atheling,  but 
eventually  submitted  and 
crowned  William  I  at  West- 
minster. Some  years  later  he 
was  deprived  and  sentenced  to 
perpetual  imprisonment.  He 
died  shortly  afterwards  and  was 
buried  in  Winchester  Abbey. 
Harold. 

STOAT. 

An  animal  of  the  weasel  tribe, 


called  the  ermine    when  in  its 
winter  dress. 

Gareth  and  Lynette. 

STOCK-DOVE. 

A  wild  pigeon,  so  called  from 
its  breeding  in  the  stocks,  or 
trunks,  of  trees. 

Promise  of  May. 

STORK. 

A  long-necked  and  long- 
legged  wading-bird,  allied  to 
the  heron. 

Talking  Oak. 

STRASBURG. 

Cranmer.    To  Strasburg,  Antwerp,  Frank- 
fort, Zurich,  Worms, 
Geneva,  Basle — our  Bishops  from  their  sees 
Or  fled,  they  say,  or  flying — 

The  capital  of  Alsace-Lor- 
raine. 

Queen  Mary. 

STRATO. 

A  Greek  name  assumed  by 
Synorix. 

The  Cup. 

STYLITES.    See  Simeon,  Simeon 
Stylites. 

SUCCORY. 

A  plant  of  the  genus  Cichor- 
ium,  having  bright  blue  flowers. 
Corrupted  from  chicory. 

Promise  of  May. 

SUFFOLK  (Duke  of). 

Henry  Grey,  duke  of  Suffolk, 
marquis  c*f  Dorset,  father  of 
lady  Jane  Grey.  Supported 
lady  Jane  Grey's  accession  to 
the  throne,  but  relinquishing 
her  cause  was  pardoned  by 
Mary  ;    joined  the  insurrection 


SUF] 


268 


[SYC 


against  the  Spanish  marriage  and 
was  executed  for  treason,  1554. 
Que  en  Mary. 

SUFFOLK  (Lady). 

Courtenay.  — made  you  follow 

The  Lady  Suffolk  and  the  Lady  Lennox  ? — 
You, 
The  heir  presumptive. 

Queen  Mary. 

SUMNER-CHACE. 

Talking  Oak. 

SUMNER-PLACE. 

Talking  Oak. 

SUNFLOWER. 

A  plant  of  the  genus  Heli- 
antbus,  so-called  from  its  flower, 
which  is  a  large  disc,  with  yellow 
rays. 

A    Spirit    Haunts ;     In 

Memoriam. 

SUNNEE.     See  Shiah. 

SUSSEX. 

Harold  ;  Prologue  to  General 
Hamley. 
SUTTEE. 

Nor  in  the  field  without  were  seen  or  heard 
Fires  of  Suttee,  nor  wail  of  baby-wife, 
Or  Indian  widow ; 

A  custom  prevalent  in  India 
for  about  two  thousand  years, 
by  which  a  widow  upon  the 
death  of  her  husband  burned 
herself  on  his  funeral  pyre. 

The  Emperor  Akbar  decreed  that  every 
widow  who  showed  the  least  desire  not  to  be 
burnt  on  her  husband's  funeral  pyre  should  be 
let  free  and  unharmed.' 

Poet's  Note. 
The  custom  was  prohibited  in 
1829    under  lord  William  Ben- 
tinck's  administration. 

Akbar's  Dream. 

SWALE. 

=  A  river. 

Harold. 


SWALLER. 

ss  A  swallow. 

Promise  of  Mav. 

SWALLOW. 

A  migratory  bird  of  the  family 
Hirundinidae,  with  long  pointed 
wings. 

Dying  Swan  ;  May  Queen  ; 
Edwin  Morris ;  Poet's 
Song ;  The  Brook ;  The 
Princess  ;  The  Window  ; 
Maud  ;  Coming  of  Arthur  ; 
Ancient  Sage  ;  The  Ring  ; 
Progress  of  Spring  ;  Queen 
Mary  ;  Harold  ;  Becket  ; 
The  Foresters. 

SWAN. 

A  large  aquatic  fowl  of  the 
genus  Cygnusy  having  a  long 
neck,  and  noted  for  its  graceful 
movements  in  the  water. 

Dying  Swan ;  Palace  of 
Art  ;  Morte  d' Arthur  ; 
Tithonus ;  Lancelot  and 
Elaine  ;  Holy  Grail  ;  Pass- 
ing of  Arthur  ;  Queen  Mary. 

SWEET-GALE. 

A  shrub  having  bitter  frag- 
rant leaves  that  grows  in  marshy 
places. 

Edwin  Morris. 

SWIFT. 

A  bird  resembling  the 
swallow. 

Coming  of  Arthur. 

SYCAMORE. 

A  large  tree,  allied  to  the 
common  fig. 

Becket  ;      Audley     Court  ; 
In  Memoriam. 


SYL] 


269 


SYLLA. 

I  thought  that  all  the  blood  by  Sylla  shed 
Came  driving  rainlike  down  again  on  earth, 

Lucius  Cornelius  Sulla,  a 
Roman  of  patrician  birth  and 
leader  of  the  aristocratic  party 
in  Rome.  In  93  B.C.  he  was 
praetor,  and  in  92  B.C.  governor 
of  Cilicia.  Marcus  having  re- 
volted against  the  Senate,  Sulla 
marched  to  Rome,  outlawed 
Marcus  and  re-established  the 
power  of  the  Senate.  After 
taking  part  in  several  cam- 
paigns in  Epirus  and  at  Orcho- 
menus,  he  won  the  battle  of 
the  Colline  Gate,  outside  the 
walls  of  Rome,  and  for  having 
been  proscribed  he  set  himself 
to  extirpate  his  political  oppo- 
nents and  caused  himself  to  be 
proclaimed  Dictator  in  81  B.C. ; 
resigned  the  dictatorship  in  79 
B.C.,  and  retired  into  private 
life  (138-79  B.C.)  Lucretius. 
SYLVESTER. 

And  rail'd  at  all  the  Popes,  that  ever  since 
Sylvester  shed  the  venom  of  world-wealth 
Into  the  church,  had  only  prov'n  themselves 
Poisoners,  murderers. 

Sylvester  the  first,  pope  of 
Rome  from  314-335  a.d. 

Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cobham. 
SYNORIX. 

An  ex-Tetrarch  of  Galatia. 
See  Sinnatus. 

SYRIAN  GATES. 

A  Pass  across  mount  Taurus 
by  which  Alexander  the  Great 
entered  Cilicia. 

Alexander. 
TAATE. 

=  potato. 
Northern   Cobbler;    Village 
Wife. 


[TAR 

TABLE  ROUND.  See  Round  Table. 

TABOO. 

A  Polynesian  word  meaning 
'To  forbid.' 

The  Princess  ;  Kapiolani. 

TABOR. 

A  mountain  in  Galilee  which, 
according  to  tradition,  was  the 
scene  of  the  Transfiguration, 
but  has  little  evidence  in  its- 
favour.  A  church — now  in 
ruins — built  by  the  Crusaders 
to  commemorate  the  event 
crowns  the  summit. 

Queen  Mary. 
TALBOT. 

A  large-eared  hound,  usually 
white. 

Holy  Grail. 
TALIESSIN. 

A  celebrated  Welsh  Poet  who 
lived  in  the  sixth  century. 
The  village  of  Taliesin,  in  Car- 
diganshire, is  supposed  to  be 
built  on  the  site  of  his  grave. 
Was  one  of  the  first  poets  to 
celebrate  the  deeds  of  king 
Arthur. 

Holy  Grail. 
TALLYHO. 

Name  of  a  horse. 

The  Brook. 
TAMES  A. 

Bloodily  flow'd  the  Tamesa  rolling  phantom 
bodies  of  horses  and  men ; 

The  ancient  name  of  the 
river  Thames. 

Boddicea. 

TANTIVY. 

Name  of  a  horse. 

The  Brook. 
TARANIS. 

Till  the  face  of  Bel  be  brighten'd,  Taranis  be- 
propitiated. 

A  god  to  whom  the  ancient 


TAR] 


:70 


[TET 


Britons  did  sacrifice.     Equated 
with  the  Roman  Jupiter. 

Boddicea. 
TARQUIN. 

When,  brooking  not  the  Tarquin  in  her  veins, 
She  made  her  blood  in  sight  of  Collatine 
And  all  his  peers, 

'  The  Tarquin  '  here=Sextus, 
the  blood  of  Sextus. 

Lucretius. 
TARQUIN. 

That  your  own  people  cast  you  from  their 

bounds, 
For  some  unprincely  violence  to  a  woman, 
As  Rome  did  Tarquin. 

Tarquin  the  second,  seventh 
king  of  Rome.  He  was,  to- 
gether with  his  family,  expelled 
about  510  b.c,  on  account  of 
the  outrage  committed  by  his 
son  Sextus  on  Lucretia,  wife 
of  Tarquinius  Collatinus.  He 
made  several  attempts  to  regain 
his  throne,  but  being  finally 
defeated  fled  to  Cumae,  where 
he^died. 

The   Cup. 

TEL-EL-KEBIR. 

The  scene  of  a  memorable 
victory  by  the  British  forces 
under  sir  Garnet  Wolseley  over 
the  Egyptian  troops  of  Arabi 
Pasha,  September  13,  1882. 
Prologue  to  General  Hamley. 

TELEMACHUS. 

Son  of  Ulysses  and  Penelope. 
He  was  an  infant  when  his 
father  went  to  the  Trojan  war, 
and  after  twenty  years'  absence 
Telemachus  went  to  seek  him. 
Having  visited  Pylos  and  Sparta 
he  returned  to  Ithaca,  where  his 
mother's  suitors  conspired  to 
murder    him,    but    under    the 


guidance  of  Pallas  Athene  he 
discovered  his  father,  and  they 
together  succeeded  in  slaying  the 
suitors.  Upon  his  father's 
death  he  married  Cassiphone, 
and  some  time  after  had  the 
misfortune  to  kill  his  mother- 
in-law  ;  he  fled  to  Italy  and 
founded  Clusium. 

Ulysses. 

TELEMACHUS  (Saint). 

An  eastern  monk,  who  went 
to  Rome  a.d.  404  to  protest 
against  the  cruelties  of  the 
amphitheatre.  He  sprang  into 
the  arena,  and  endeavoured 
to  separate  the  gladiators,  but 
was  stoned  to  death  by  the 
spectators.  His  act  and  death 
led  to  the  abolition  of  the 
exhibitions. 

St.  Telemachus. 
TEMPLE  BAR. 

A  famous  London  gateway. 
Rebuilt  after  the  great  fire  by 
Wren  in  1660-73,  it  was  re- 
moved in  1878-79,  and  re- 
erected  in  Theobald's  Park, 
Cheshunt,  in  1888. 

Queen  Mary. 

TENERIFFE. 

The  great  Same-banner  by  Tenerifie, 

Has  reference  to  the  Pico-de- 
Teyde,  a  famous  volcanic 
mountain  in  the  island  of 
Teneriffe,  which  was  in  erup- 
tion when  Columbus  sailed 
past  the  island  on  the  night 
of  August  23-24,  1492. 

Columbus. 

TETRARCH. 

A  governor  of  the  fourth  part 


TET] 


271 


[THE 


of  a  country  under  the  Roman 
empire.  Herod  Antipas  and 
Philip  were  called  Tetrarchs 
because  they  ruled  the  fourth 
part  of  the  former  kingdom  of 
their  father  Herod  the  Great. 
See  Matthew  xiv.  and  Luke  iii. 
The  Cup. 
TETRARCHY. 

Part  of  a  province  under  a 
Tetrarch. 

The  Cup. 
THAMES. 

Will  Waterproofs  Lyrical 
Monologue  ;  Queen  Mary  ; 
Harold. 

THANE. 

In  Anglo-Saxon  times  a  title 
of  a  dignitary. 

Harold. 

THEBES. 

An  ancient  city  of  Greece. 
The  walls  of  Thebes  were 
anciently  believed  to  have 
arisen  to  the  music  of  fairy 
harps.  See  Amphion.  The 
city  was  besieged  and  taken 
by  Alexander  the  Great.  The 
walls  were  broken  down,  and 
not  a  single  building  was  left 
standing,  except  the  house  of 
Pindar,  the  Greek  poet,  whose 
songs  Alexander  had  always 
admired. 

Tiresias. 

THEOBALD. 

Archbishop  of  Canterbury  ; 
of  Norman  blood.  Appointed 
to  Canterbury  in  11 37  and 
joined  Matilda  against  Stephen, 
but  on  the  latter's  release  from 
prison  submitted  and  crowned 


him  at  Canterbury ;  attended 
the  pope's  council  at  Rheims 
in  1 148,  although  forbidden 
by  Stephen  ;  upon  his  return 
was  deprived  and  fled  to  France  ; 
returned  and  became  recon- 
ciled to  Stephen ;  refused  to 
crown  Stephen's  son  Eustace, 
was  imprisoned,  but  escaping 
fled  to  Flanders ;  recalled  and 
brought  about  a  peace  between 
Matilda  and  Stephen,  and  on 
his  deathbed  recommended  to 
Henry  II  Thomas  Becket  as 
his  successor. 

Becket. 

THEODOLIND. 

Queen  of  the  Lombards,  and 
wife,    first    of     king     Authari 
(a.d.  589),  and  then  of  Agilulf. 
The  Daisy. 

THERMOPYLAE. 

=  '  the  hot  gates.'  A  famous 
pass  in  Greece,  leading  from 
Thessaly  into  Locris  and  Phocis. 
Celebrated  for  a  battle  which 
was  fought  there  B.C.  480, 
between  Xerxes  and  the  Greeks; 
also  of  Greece's  struggles  against 
Brennus  and  the  Gauls,  B.C. 279. 
Third  of  February. 

THESSALIAN. 

And  I  will  work  in  prose  and  rhyme, 
And  praise  thee  more  in  both 

Than  bard  has  honour'd  beech  or  lime, 
Or  that  Thessalian  growth, 

Has  reference  to  the  oracular 
oaks  of  Dodona  in  Epirus. 
Dodona  was  an  ancient  Greek 
religious  centre  with  a  temple 
dedicated  to  Zeus,  and  the 
priests  interpreted  the  will  of 
the  god   by  the  wind  rustling 


THI] 


272 


[THO 


through  the  leaves  of  the  oak 
or  beech  trees. 

'Talking  Oak. 
THIMBLEBY. 

A  notorious  character  who 
was  with  Noaks  when  a  keeper 
was  shot  dead.  For  the  crime 
Noaks  was  hanged. 

Noaks  or  Thimbleby — toaner  'ed  shot  'urn  as 

dead  as  a  naail. 
Noaks  wur  'anged  for  it  oop  at  'soize — but  git 

ma  my  aale. 

Northern  Farmer,  Old  Style. 

THIRLBY. 

Thomas  Thirlby,  the  only 
bishop  of  Westminster,  and 
successively  bishop  of  Norwich 
and  Ely ;  as  prolocutor  to 
Canterbury  Convocation  he 
signed  the  decree  annulling 
Henry  VIII's  marriage  with 
Anne  of  Cleves,  1540  ;  and  the 
same  year  was  created  bishop  of 
Westminster.  In  1543  and 
1545  he  was  ambassador  to  the 
emperor  Charles  V  of  Spain  ; 
opposed  the  Act  of  Uniformity  ; 
appointed  to  Norwich  1550, 
and  in  1554  translated  to  Ely 
by  Mary  ;  presided  at  the  trial 
of  bishop  Hooper ;  ambassador 
to  the  pope  1555  ;  assisted  at 
the  degradation  of  Cranmer 
in  1556.  On  the  accession  of 
Elizabeth  he  refused  to  take 
the  oath  of  supremacy,  deposed 
1559  ;  and  continuing  to  preach 
against  the  Reformation  was 
imprisoned  1560  (1 506-1 570). 
Queen  Mary. 
THISTLE. 

A  genus  of  prickly  plants. 
The  national  emblem  of  Scot- 
land. 


Amfhion ;  Will  Water- 
proofs Lyrical  Monologue  ; 
Ode  on  the  death  of  the 
Duke  of  Wellington  ;  Mar- 
riage of  Geraint ;  Last 
Tournament ;  Guinevere  ; 
Spinster's  Sweet- Arts;  Rifle- 
men form  ! 

THOMAS. 

THOMAS  BECKET. 

Son  of  Gilbert  Becket.  He 
was  educated  at  Merton  Priory 
and  in  1142  entered  the  house- 
hold of  Theobald,  archbishop 
of  Canterbury  ;  promoted  the 
cause  of  Henry  II  against 
Stephen's  son  Eustace ;  and 
thus  won  the  favour  of  that 
king  who  in  1155  made  him 
Lord  Chancellor ;  supported 
Henry's  campaign  in  Toulouse 
where  he  displayed  great  valour. 
Upon  the  death  of  Theobald, 
archbishop  of  Canterbury,  he 
was  appointed  to  the  vacant 
See,  and  resigned  the  office  of 
Lord  Chancellor.  Like  all 
the  Norman  kings  Henry  en- 
deavoured to  keep  the  clergy 
subordinate  to  the  State  and 
called  upon  the  bishops  to  sign 
the  '  customs.'  Becket  re- 
fused, but  afterwards  upon  an 
order  from  pope  Alexander  III 
submitted,  but  refused  to  seal 
the  Constitution  of  Clarendon 
in  1 164.  In  the  same  year  he 
was  summoned  to  a  council  at 
Northampton,  to  account  for 
various  sums  of  money  received 
by  him  during  his  capacity  as 
Chancellor.     He    appeared     at 


THO] 


the  Council  arrayed  in  his  robes, 
and  holding  in  his  hand  his 
cross  appealed  to  the  pope  ;  but 
judgment  being  given  against 
him  he  left  the  palace,  stole 
away  by  night,  and  reaching 
Sandwich  put  off  in  a  little 
boat  and  reached  the  Flemish 
coast.  During  his  six  years' 
exile  in  France  he  resided  at 
Pontigny  Abbey  and  at  Sens, 
while  Henry  confiscated  the 
property  of  his  See.  In  1170 
he  had  an  interview  with  Henry 
at  Freteval,  in  which  the  king 
promised  to  give  him  the  '  kiss 
of  peace '  when  they  met  in 
England,  and  on  December  1 
of  the  same  year  Becket  landed 
at  Sandwich  and  immediately 
excommunicated  the  archbishop 
of  York  and  the  bishops  of 
London  and  Salisbury  for  having 
crowned  Henry's  son  king. 
Fresh  quarrels  broke  out  and 
Henry,  in  a  fit  of  passion,  ex- 
claimed '  of  all  the  cowards 
that  eat  my  bread,  is  there 
none  will  rid  me  of  this  turbu- 
lent priest  ?  '  Four  knights — 
Reginald  Fitzurse  (q.v .),  William 
de  Tracy  (q.v.),  Hugh  de  Mor- 
ville  (q.v.)  and  Richard  de 
Brito  (q.v.)  overheard  these 
hasty  words  and  leaving  Nor- 
mandy entered  Canterbury 
Cathedral  on  December  29, 
1 1 70,  and  demanded  from 
Becket  the  absolution  of  the 
bishops  whom  he  had  excom- 
municated and  an  acknowledg- 
ment of  the  king's  supremacy  ; 
and  upon  Becket'  srefusal  slew 


273  [THO 

him  before  the  altar  of  St. 
Benedict  in  the  North  Transept. 
Two  years  afterwards  he  was 
canonized,  and  in  1220  his 
bones  were  exhumed  from  the 
nave  in  the  crypt  and  enshrined 
in  a  chapel  in  the  cathedral, 
where  they  were  for  three 
centuries  a  favourite  object 
of  pilgrimage. 

Queen  Mary  ;  Becket. 

THOMAS  GRESHAM. 

Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  son 
of  sir  Richard  Gresham  and 
founder  of  the  Royal  Exchange 
and  the  Gresham  College. 

Queen  Mary. 

THOMAS  HOWARD. 

Lord  Thomas  Howard,  first 
earl  of  Suffolk ;  distinguished 
himself  against  the  Spanish 
Armada  in  1588  and  com- 
manded the  squadron  which 
was  attacked  by  the  Spanish 
Fleet  off  the  Azores  in  1591  ; 
created  earl  of  Suffolk  in  1603 
by  James  I ;  lord  high  treasurer 
in  1614,  and  in  1618  was  fined 
and  imprisoned  for  embezzle- 
ment. 

The  Revenge. 

THOMAS    OF    CANTERBURY. 

See  Thomas,  Thomas  Becket. 

THOMAS  STAFFORD. 

Son  of  lord  Stafford  and  a 
relative  of  cardinal  Pole  ;  op- 
posed the  Spanish  marriage 
and  was  compelled  to  seek 
refuge  in  France.  During  the 
Wyatt  insurrection  sailed  from 
Dieppe  with  two  ships  manned 
T 


THO] 


274 


[THO 


by  thirty  Englishmen,  and 
landing  in  Yorkshire  surprised 
and  captured  Scarborough 
Castle,  but  three  days  after- 
wards it  was  retaken  by  the 
earl  of  Westmorland,  and 
Stafford  and  all  his  followers 
were  executed. 

Sir  Thomas  StaFord,  a  bull-headed  ass, 
Sailing  from  France,  with  thirty  Englishmen, 
Hath  taken  Scarboro'  Castle,  north  of  York. 

Queen  Mary. 

THOMAS  WHITE. 

Sir  Thomas  White,  founder 
of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford, 
born  at  Reading.  Became  a 
London  merchant  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Merchant  Taylors' 
Company.  In  1544  he  was 
elected  an  Alderman  for  Corn- 
hill,  but  refusing  to  serve  was 
committed  to  Newgate.  In 
1547  he  was  appointed  Sheriff 
and  some  years  later  (1554) 
was  elected  Lord  Mayor  of 
London.  He  sat  on  the  Com- 
mission for  the  trial  of  lady 
Jane  Grey,  received  the  Spanish 
envoys  and  restored  the  custom 
of  going  in  procession  to  St. 
Paul's  Cathedral  to  attend  high 
mass.  Upon  the  outbreak  of 
the  Wyatt  rebellion  Mary  ap- 
pealed to  the  loyalty  of  the 
citizens  of  London,  who  in 
response  undertook  to  raise  a 
force  of  1,000  men  for  its 
defence.  These  precautions 
taken  by  the  Mayor  and  Council 
prevented  Wyatt  from  entering 
the  city,  the  rebels  being  re- 
pulsed from  Southwark  Bridge 
by  White,  who  arrested  the 
marquis  of  Northampton,    and 


presided  over  the  Commission 
at  the  trial  of  Wyatt  and  his 
adherents.  In  1544  an  attempt 
was  made  to  assassinate  him 
whilst  attending  St.  Paul's, 
caused  by  his  issuing  a  pro- 
clamation that  the  citizens  of 
London  should  follow  the 
Roman  Catholic  religion.  In 
the  following  year  he  obtained 
the  royal  licence  to  found  St. 
John's  College,  Oxford,  and 
subsequently  went  to  reside  in 
that  city.  He  died  in  February 
1567  and  was  buried  in  the 
College  Chapel  (1492- 1567). 
Queen  Mary. 
THOMAS  WYATT. 

Sir  Thomas  Wyatt,  the 
younger  son  of  sir  Thomas 
Wyatt  the  elder.  When  a  boy 
he  accompanied  his  father  to 
Spain,  where  the  elder  sir 
Thomas  was  threatened  by  the 
inquisition. 

I  know  Spain.  I  have  been  there  with  my 
father  ;  I  have  seen  them  in  their  own  land  ; 
have  marked  the  haughtiness  of  their  nobles  ; 
the  cruelty  of  their  priests. 

On  the  death  of  his  father 
in  1542  he  succeeded  to  the 
title  and  estates,  and  in  the 
following  year  was  arrested 
with  the  earl  of  Surrey  and 
others  for  having  eaten  meat 
during  Lent,  and  committed 
to  the  Tower,  where  he  re- 
mained for  about  a  month. 
When  the  announcement  of  the 
marriage  of  Mary  with  Philip 
was  made,  Wyatt  regarded  it 
as  a  national  danger,  and  re- 
ceiving an  invitation  from 
Courtenay,  earl  of  Devon,  to 
join  in  an  insurrection  for  the 


THO] 


275 


[THU 


purpose  of  preventing  it,  under- 
took to  raise  the  county  of 
Kent.  Making  Rochester  his 
headquarters  he  marched  to 
Blackheath  at  the  head  of  four 
thousand  men.  Being  pro- 
claimed a  traitor  some  two 
thousand  men  were  enrolled 
for  the  protection  of  the  city 
of  London,  bridges  over  the 
Thames  were  either  strongly- 
guarded  or  broken  down  and 
a  reward  set  upon  his  head. 

Wyatt  (reads).  '  Whosoever  will  appre- 
hend the  traitor  Thomas  Wyatt  shall  have  a 
hundred  pounds  for  reward.' 

On  February  3,  1554,  ne 
entered  Southwark,  but  many 
of  his  followers  deserting  him 
was  compelled  to  evacuate  it, 
marched  to  Kingston  where 
he  arrived  on  February  6, 
thence  through  Kensington  and 
reached  Ludgate  on  the  morn- 
ing of  February  8.  Finding 
the  gate  shut  against  him  he 
retreated  to  Temple  Bar,  and 
finding  his  cause  was  lost 
surrendered.  He  was  taken  to 
the  Tower,  tried  for  high 
treason,  condemned  and  be- 
headed on  Tower  Hill,  April 
11,  1554.  On  the  following 
day  his  head  (which  was  stolen 
some  days  later),  was  hanged 
to  a  gallows  near  Hyde  Park, 
and  his  limbs  were  distributed 
among  gibbets  in  various  parts 
of  the  city  of  London  (1521- 

1554)- 

Queen  Mary. 

THOR. 

The  Norse  god  of  thunder. 
The  Victim  ;  Harold. 


THOULOUSE.    See  Toulouse. 

THREE  HUNDRED. 

The  '  Three  Hundred  '  were 
two  squadrons  of  the  Scots 
Greys  and  the  2nd  squadron  of 
Inniskillings  known  as  the 
Heavy  Brigade  who  made  the 
famous  charge  at  Balaclava. 

Glory  to  each  and  to  all,  and  the  charge  that 

they  made ! 
Glory  to  all  the  three  hundred,  and  all  the 

Brigade. 

Charge  of  the  Heavy  Brigade 
at  Balaclava. 

THROSTLE. 

=  The  song-thrush,  or  mavis. 
To  the  Queen  ;  Claribel  ; 
Sir  Launcelot  and  Queen 
Guinevere  ;  The  Window  ; 
Early  Spring ;  The  Fores- 
ters. 

THRUSH. 

A  bird  of  the  family 
Turdidce.  It  is  noted  for  the 
sweetness  of  its  song. 

In  Memoriam. 

THURKILL. 

A  rich  landowner  of  Kingston 
in  Berkshire,  killed  at  the  battle 
of  Senlac. 

Harold. 

THURNABY  HOALMS. 

But  godamoighty  a  moost  taake  mea  an' 

taake  ma  now 
Wi'  aaf  the  cows  to  cauve  an'  Thumaby  hoalms 

to  plow ! 

Northern  Farmer,  Old  Style. 
THURNABY  WAASTE. 

I  weant  saay  men  be  loiars,  thaw  summun 
said  it  in  'aaste : 


THU] 


276 


[TDf 


But  'e  reads  wonn  sarmin  a  weeak,  an'  I  'a 
stubb'd  Thurnaby  waaste. 

Northern  Farmery  Old  Style. 
THURSBY  THURN. 

I  could  fettle  and  clump  owd  booots  and  shoes 

wi*  the  best  on  'em  all, 
As  fer  as  fro'  Thursby  thurn  hup  to  Harmsby 

and  Hutterby  Hall. 

Northern  Cobbler. 

TIB. 

A  country  wife. 

Queen  Mary. 

TIGER. 

A  fierce  quadruped  of  the 
feline  kind,  native  of  southern 
Asia   and  East   Indies. 

Palace  of  Art ;  In  Me- 
ntor i  am  ;  Defence  of  Luck- 
now  ;  Demeter  and  Per- 
sephone ;  Akbar's  Dream  ; 
Making  of  Man  ;    Harold. 

TIGER-CAT. 

=  A  wild-cat. 

The  Princess. 

TIGER-LILY. 

=  A  species  of  lily  with  spotted 
flowers. 

A  Spirit  Haunts,  etc. 

TIGRESS. 

=  The  female  of  the   tiger. 
The  Princess  ;  Queen  Mary. 

TIGRIS. 

A  river  in  Asia,  which  rises 
in  the  mountains  of  Kurdistan, 
and  flows  into  the  Persian  gulf. 
On  its  banks  are  the  ruins  of 
Nineveh. 

Recollections  of  the  Arabian 
Nights. 
TIMOUR-MAMMON. 

And  Timour- Mammon  grins  on  a  pile  of  chil- 
dren's bones, 

Timour  represents  the  spirit 


of  avarice  (see  Timur),  and 
Mammon  is  the  Syrian  god  of 
wealth. 

Maud. 

TIMUR. 

Timur  built  his  ghastly  tower  of  eighty  thou- 
sand human  skulls, 

Refers  to  Timurbeg,  the  cele- 
brated Tartar  conqueror.  He 
was  a  typical  Asiatic  despot, 
and  inspiring  a  lust  for  con- 
quest built  up  a  mighty  empire. 
Whilst  engaged  in  an  expedi- 
tion in  India,  Bagdad  revolted, 
and  hastening  back  he  gave  the 
city  up  to  pillage  and  put  to 
death  80,000  persons.  Re- 
solved to  make  the  conquest  of 
China  he  set  out  at  the  head 
of  a  large  army,  but  died  on 
the  march  (1 336-1405). 

Locksley  Hall  Sixty   Tears 
After. 

TINTAGIL. 

A  strong  castle  on  the  coast 
of  Cornwall.  It  stands  upon 
the  summit  of  a  headland  and 
is  reached  by  a  steep  path 
through  a  rugged  valley.  In 
Domesday  Book  it  was  entered 
as  Dunchine,  or  Chain  Castle. 
It  was  at  the  foot  of  the  rock 
upon  which  the  castle  stands 
that  Merlin  found  a  naked 
babe  upon  the  sands  : 

For  there  was  no  man  knew  from  whence  he 

came  ; 
But  after  tempest,  when  the  long  wave  broke 
All  down  the  thundering  shores  of  Bude  and 

Bos, 
Then  came  a  day  as  still  as  heaven,  and  then 
They  found  a  naked  child  upon  the  sands 
Of  dark  Tintagil  by  the  Cornish  sea  ; 
And  that  was  Arthur  ;  and  they  foster'd  Jhim 
Till  he  by  miracle  was  approven  King  : 

Close     by    is     an     immense 


TIR] 


277 


[TOS 


cavern  locally  known  as  Merlin's 

cave. 

Coming  of  Arthur  ;  Merlin 
and  Vivien  ;  Last  Tourna- 
ment ;  Guinevere. 

TIRRA  LIRRA. 

'  Tirra  lirra,'  by  the  river 
Sang  Sir  Lancelot. 

An    imitation    of    a    musical 
sound  as  of  the  note  of  a  lark. 

The  lark,  that  tirra-lyra  chants, 

With  heigh  !  with  heigh  !  the  thrush  and  the 

jay. 

Shakespeare:  Wtnters   Tale,  Act  vt.  Scene 

Lady  of  Shalott. 
TITANIA. 

Queen  of  the  Fairies. 

The  Foresters. 
TITIAN. 

An     Italian    painter     (1477- 
1576). 

Romney's  Remorse. 

TITIANIC    FLORA.     See    Flora. 

TITMOUSE. 

A   small    bird    of   the    genus 
Parus. 

Maud. 
TITYRUS. 

Poet  of  the  happy  Tityrus  piping  underneath 
his  beechen  bowers ; 

A    shepherd ;     one    of     the 
characters  in  Virgil. 

To  Virgil. 
TOFT  HALL. 

in  Somerset ;  the  residence 
of  Philip  Edgar,  afterwards 
known  as  Mr.  Harold. 

Promise  of  May. 
TOM. 

Name  of  men  and  cats. 
Spinster's  Sweet-Arts. 

TOMMY. 

Name  of  a  boy. 

Northern  Cobbler. 


TOMMY. 

Name  of  lovers  and  cats. 
Spinster's  Sweet-Arts. 

TOMOHRIT. 

Tomohrit,  Athos,  all  things  fair, 
With  such  a  pencil,  such  a  pen, 
You  shadow  forth  to  distant  men, 

I  read  and  felt  that  I  was  there : 

A  mountain  in  Albania. 

To  E.  L. 

TOMYRIS. 

Queen  of  the  Massagetae. 
After  her  husband's  death  she 
marched  against  Cyrus  (q.v.), 
cut  his  army  to  pieces  and  killed 
him  on  the  spot.  She  then 
ordered  the  head  of  the  fallen 
king  to  be  cut  off,  and  thrown 
into  a  vessel  full  of  human 
blood,  remarking  as  she  did  so 
■  There,  drink  thy  fill.' 

And    great    bronze    valves,    emboss'd    with 

Tomyris 
And  what  she  did  to  Cyrus  after  fight, 

The  Princess. 
TONUP. 

=  Turnip. 

Village  Wife  ;  Owd  Rod  ; 
Church-warden  and  the 
Curate. 

TORRE. 

Brother   of    Elaine    and    son 
of  sir  Bernard,  baron  of  Astolat. 
Lancelot  and  Elaine. 

TOSTIG. 

Earl  of  Northumbria,  son  of 
earl  Godwin  (q.v.).  Was  for 
some  years  an  exile  at  the  court 
of  Baldwin  of  Flanders.  Upon 
the  death  of  Edward  the  Con- 
fessor he  ravaged  the  south  and 
east  coasts,  but  being  driven 
away  by  Edwin  and  Morcar 
went  to  Malcolm,  king  of  Scot- 


TOU] 


278 


[TRA 


land,  where  he  stayed  for  some 
time.  Having  invited  Harold 
Hardrada  (q.v)>  king  of  Nor- 
way, to  assist  him  in  conquering 
England,  he  met  the  Norway 
king  off  Northumbria  and  they 
sailed  up  the  Humber  and  de- 
feated Edwin  and  Morcar  at 
Fulford  Bridge,  but  was  in 
turn  defeated  by  Harold  at  the 
battle  of  Stamford-bridge,  both 
Tostig  and  Hardrada  being 
among  the  slain. 

Morcar.    May    all    invaders    perish    like 
Hardrada  ! 
All  traitors  fail  like  Tostig ! 

Harold. 
TOULOUSE. 

I  speak  after  my  fancies,  for  I  am  a  Trouba- 
dour, you  know,  and  won  the  violet  at  Tou- 
louse ; 

A  city  in  the  south  of  France. 
Henry  II  having  laid  claim  to 
the  earldom  of  Toulouse,  Becket 
accompanied  the  English  army 
and  fought  as  a  knight  in  arm- 
our, riding  at  the  head  of  700 
troops  equipped  at  his  own 
expense. 

Becket. 
TOURNAMENT  OF  THE  DEAD 
INNOCENCE. 

Bmt  when  the  morning  of  a  tournament, 
By  these  in  earnest  those  in  mockery  call'd 
The  Tournament  of  the  Dead  Innocence, 

In  the  early  days — the  time 
of  Gareth  and  Geraint — the 
'  Tournament  of  the  Dead  In- 
nocent '  could  have  meant  but 
one  thing — the  memory  of  the 
dead  innocent  babe  ;  but  now 
there  is  another  suggestion  in 
the  title,  for  the  purity  of 
the  ladies  and  the  knights  has 
faded :  it  is  their  innocence 
that  is  dead. 


This  Tournament  is  the  last, 
and  it  is  a  failure.  As  the  gale 
makes  havoc  with  the  emblem 
of  the  kings  after  the  Quest  of 
the  Grail  is  ended,  so  here  the 
'  useful  trouble  of  the  rain y 
mars  the  pageant,  and  makes  it 
'  draggled  at  the  skirt.'  And 
the  rules  of  tournament  are 
not  enforced.  Lancelot  pre- 
sides as  arbiter,  but  he  too  is 
dreaming  of  dead  innocence, 
and  takes  so  languid  an  interest 
that  the  laws  of  chivalry  are 
broken  before  him  with  im- 
punity.— Littledale  :  Essays. 
Last  Tournament. 
TOWSER. 

Name  of  a  dog. 

Promise  of  May. 

TRACY    (Sir    William    de).    See 
De  Tracy  (Sir  William). 

TRAFALGAR. 

at  Trafalgar  yet  once  more 
We  taught  him  :  late  he  learned  humility 
Perforce,  like  those  whom  Gideon  school'd 
with  briers. 

Has  reference  to  the  battle  of 
Trafalgar. 

Buonaparte. 

TRATH  TREROIT. 

And  down  the  waste  sand-shores  of  Trath 

Treroit, 
Where  many  a  heathen  fell : 

The  scene  of  king  Arthur's 
tenth  victory  over  the  Saxons. 
It  is  identified  with  a  stream 
near  the  Solway  Firth. 

Lancelot  and  Elaine. 

TRAVELLER'S-JOY. 

The  Clematis  Fitalba,  a  climb- 
ing plant  with  white  flower?. 
Aylmer's  Field. 


TRE] 


279 


[TRO 


TREE-FERN. 

A  fern  with  a  tree-like  woody 
To  Ulysses. 


stem. 


TRIE     (Sir    Engelram    de).     See 

Engelram  de  Erie. 
TRINACRIAN  ENNA. 

Tho'  dead  in  its  Trinacrian  Enna 
Blossom  again  on  a  colder  isle. 

Trinacrian  =  Sicilian.  Enna 
(q.v.)  was  a  city  in  Sicily. 

To  Professor  J  ebb. 
TRINOBANT. 

Hear    Icenian,    Catieuchlanian,    hear    Cori- 
tanian,  Trinobant ! 

The  inhabitants  of  Trino- 
bantium,  an  ancient  British 
tribe  who  inhabited  the  present 
counties  of  Middlesex  and 
Essex. 

Boddicea. 
TRISTRAM. 

Son  of  sir  Meliodas,  king  of 
Liones,  and  a  Knight  of  the 
Round  Table ;  married  Isolt, 
daughter  of  Howell,  king  of 
Brittany,  but  the  marriage  was 
an  unhappy  one,  on  account  of 
his  attachment  to  Isolt  his 
aunt,  the  wife  of  king  Mark 
{q.v)  of  Cornwall.  This  Isolt 
was  the  daughter  of  king  Anguish 
of  Ireland,  and  Tristram 
escorted  her  to  England  as 
bride  for  his  uncle  Mark,  and 
on  the  morning  of  the  marriage 
Isolt  and  Tristram  drank  a  love- 
potion  which  kindled  in  their 
hearts  a  passion  which  com- 
pelled them  to  love  each  other 
as  long  as  they  both  lived. 
Tristram  was  slain  by  Mark 
while  he  was  dallying  with  his 
aunt. 


He  spoke,  he  turn'd,  then,  flinging  round  her 

neck, 
Claspt  it,   and  cried  '  Thine  Order,  O  my 

Queen ! ' 
But,  while  he  bow'd  to  kiss  the  jewell'd  throat, 
Out  of  the  dark,  just  as  the  lips  had  touch'd, 
Behind  him  rose  a  shadow  and  a  shriek — 
'  Mark's  way,'  said  Mark,  and  clove  him  thro' 

the  brain. 

Isolt,  seeing  her  lover   dead, 

flung   herself   upon    his    corpse 

and  died  also.     The  two  were 

buried  in  the  one  grave  by  order 

of    king    Mark,    who    planted 

over  it  a  rose  and  vine  which 

became   so   interwoven   that   it 

was  impossible  to  separate  them . 

Gareth  and  Lynette  ;    Lan~ 

celot     and    Elaine ;      Last 

Tournament ;    Guinevere. 

TRO  AD. 

Name  of  the  region  round 
about  Troy. 

Death  of  (Enone. 

TROAS. 

A  country  in  Phrygia  in  Asia 
Minor  of  which  Troy  was  the 
capital. 

(Enone. 
TROUBADOUR. 

A  class  of  French  poets  who 
flourished  from  the  eleventh  to 
the  thirteenth  century. 

Becket. 
TROUT. 

A  fresh-water  fish  of  the 
salmon  kind. 

Miller's  Daughter  ;  Walk- 
ing to  the  Mail;  The 
Brook  ;  Church-warden  and 
the  Curate ;  Promise  of 
May. 

TROY. 

A  city  of  Troas,  celebrated 
as  the  scene  of  the  legend  im- 
mortalized    by    the    Iliad    of 


TSE] 


280 


[ULF 


Homer  of  the  abduction  of 
Helen  of  Sparta  by  Paris  {q.v.), 
which  led  to  the  Trojan  war.  It 
was  built  by  the  gods  Neptune 
and  Apollo  for  Laomedon, 
father  of  Tithonus,  the  stones 
of  which  are  said  to  have  been 
placed  in  their  positions  to  the 
sound  of  Apollo's  lute. 

O  Caves 

That    house    the    cold    crown'd    snake !    O 

mountain  brooks, 
I  am  the  daughter  of  a  River-God, 
Hear  me,  for  I  will  speak,  and  build  up  all 
My  sorrow  with  my  song,  as  yonder  walls 
Rose  slowly  to  a  music  slowly  breathed, 
A  cloud  that  gather'd  shape : 

CEnone  ;  Lotos-Eaters  ;  On 
a  Mourner  ;  Ulysses  ;  Speci- 
men of  a  Translation  of  the 
Iliad  in  Blank  Verse ; 
Death  of  (Enone. 

TSERNOGORA. 

Great  Tsernogora  !  never  since  thine  own 
Black  ridges  drew  the  cloud  and  brake  the 

storm 
Has  breathed  a  race  of  mightier  mountaineers. 

The  Slavonic  name  for  Mon- 
tenegro. 

Montenegro. 

TUCK  (Friar).    See  Friar  Tuck. 
TULIP. 

A  bulbous  plant,  with  beau- 
tiful bell-shaped  flowers  of  the 
genus  Tulip  a. 

Gardener's  Daughter ;  In 
Memoriam ;  Voyage  of 
Maeldune. 


TUNIS. 


TURBIA. 


Que  en  Mary. 


What  Roman  strength  Turbla  show'd 
In  ruin,  by  the  mountain  road  ; 

How  like  a  gem,  beneath,  the  city 
Of  little  Monaco,  basking,  glow'd. 

A  village  near  Monaco. 
The  Daisy. 


TURKISH  ISLAM. 

warriors  beating  back  the  swarm 
Of  Turkish  Islam  for  five  hundred  years, 

Montenegro. 
TURTLE. 

A  gallinaceous  bird  of  the 
genus  Columba. 

Progress  of  Spring. 

TUSCAN   POETS 

O  bliss,  when  all  in  circle  drawn 
About  him,  heart  and  ear  were  fed 
To  hear  him,  as  he  lay  and  read 

The  Tuscan  poets  on  the  lawn ; 

Tuscan=the  literary  dialect 
of  Italy :  Poets  =  Dante, 
Petrarch,  etc. 

In  Memoriam. 
TYNE  (river). 

The  Foresters. 
TYROL. 

A  crownland  of  Austria.  It 
lies  between  Bavaria  and  Italy, 
and  is  noted  for  the  beauty  of 
its  scenery. 

The  Princess. 

ULAMA. 

but  our  mama, 
Who  '  sitting  on  green  sofas  contemplate 
The  torment  of  the  damn'd  '  already, 

A  body  of  learned  men  among 
the  Mohammedans. 

Akbar's  Dream. 

ULFIUS. 

King  Arthur's  chamberlain, 
and  a  knight  of  the  Round 
Table.  He  accompanied  Uther 
when  he  entered  the  castle  of 
Tintagel  as  the  duke  of  Tin- 
tagel  to  have  access  to  the  duke's 
wife,  Ygerne,  the  mother  of 
king  Arthur.  He  afterwards 
assisted  king  Arthur  in  the 
great  battle  of  the  kings,  and 
was   one  of  the   three   knights 


ULR] 


281 


[VAL 


sent  by  Arthur  to  king  Leodo- 
gran  to  ask  for  the  hand  of  his 
daughter  Guinevere. 

Coming  of  Arthur. 

ULRIC. 

A  leprous  Crusader  dwelling 
according  to  the  custom  of  the 
Church  and  the  laws  of  God 
in  a  hut  on  a  solitary  moor. 
His  wife  refused  to  leave  him, 
saying  she  would  live  and  die 
with  him. 

The  leprosy  of  the  thirteenth 
and  fourteenth  centuries  was 
supposed  to  be  a  legacy  of  the 
Crusades. 

Happy. 

ULYSSES. 

Ulysses,  much  experienced  man, 
Whose  eyes  have  known  this  globe  of  ours, 
Her  tribes  of  men,  and  trees,  and  flowers, 
From  Oorrientes  to  Japan, 

=  W.  G.  Palgrave,  author  of 
a  book  of  that  name.  Palgrave 
was  a  great  traveller,  like  the 
Greek  Ulysses. 

To  Ulysses. 

UNICORN. 

A  fabulous  animal  men- 
tioned by  ancient  authors,  with 
one  horn  on  the  forehead  and  a 
body  like  that  of  a  horse.  The 
Unicorn  is  mentioned  in  the 
Old  Testament. 

Canst  thou  bind  the  unicorn  with  his  band  in 
the  furrow  ?    Job  xxxix.  10. 

Holy  Grail. 

URANIA. 

In  Greek  mythology  the  Muse 
of  Astronomy,  represented  as 
holding  a  staff  with  which  she 
points  to  a  globe. 

In  Memoriam. 


URANIAN. 

This  I  seal'd  : 
The  seal  was  Cupid  bent  above  a  scroll, 
And  o'er  his  head  Uranian  Venus  hung, 
And  raised  the  blinding  bandage  from  his 
eyes  : 

=  Heavenly  love. 

The  Princess. 

URIEN. 

A  king  of  north  Wales.  Hus- 
band of  Morgan  le  Fay  and 
father  of  sir  Gawain. 

Coming  of  Arthur. 

USK. 

A  river  of  Monmouthshire. 
Marriage  of  Geraint  ;  Ger- 
aint  and  Enid  ;  Balin  and 
Balan  ;  Pelleas  and  Ettarre. 

UTHER. 

Pendragon  of  the  Britons ; 
married  Igerna  or  Ygerne,  widow 
of  Gorlois ;  father  of  king 
Arthur.  He  succeeded  his 
brother  Aurelius  (q.v.),  king 
of  the  Britons,  and  defeated 
the  Saxons  under  Vortigern 
and  Hengist.  He  then  over- 
came Gorlois,  duke  of  Corn- 
wall, and  married  his  widow 
Igerna.  Uther  commanded 
Merlin  to  make  the  Round 
Table  and  gave  it  to  king  Leo- 
dogran  who  gave  it  to  king 
Arthur  as  a  wedding  gift. 
Uther  was  poisoned  by  the 
Saxons  and  buried  at  Stone- 
henge  near  his  brother. 

Palace  of  Art ;  Coming  of 
Arthur  ;  Gareth  and  Lyn- 
ette ;     Geraint    and  Enid. 

VALERY.    See  St.  Valery. 

VALHALLA.     See  Walhalla. 


VAL] 


282 


[VEN 


VALKYRIAN. 

But  great  is  song 
Used  to  great  ends  :  ourself  have  often  tried 
Valkyrian    hymns,    or    into    rhythm    have 

dash'd 
The  passion  of  the  prophetess  ; 

In  Scandinavian  mythology 
the  warrior  nymphs  who  chose 
the  slain  in  battle  for  transpor- 
tation to  Walhalla  (q.v.)  and 
who  handed  to  the  warriors 
their  drinking-horns  at  their 
daily  feast  with  Odin. 

The  Princess. 

VAN  DIEMEN. 

And  show  you  slips  of  all  that  grows 
From  England  to  Van  Diemen. 

=  the   island   of  Tasmania. 
Amphion. 
VASHTI. 

Wife  of  king  Ahasuerus  of 
Babylon,  who  was  divorced,  for 
refusing  to  obey  the  king's 
command.     Esther  i. 

The  Princess. 
VAUNTCOURIER. 

A    word    meaning    '  Fore- 
runner.' 

Lover's  Tale. 

VAVASOUR  (MISS). 
A  schoolmistress. 

Promise  of  May. 

VENICE. 

A  city  and  seaport  of  Italy 
and  capital  of  the  province  of 
Venice. 

The  Ring  ;  Queen  Mary. 

VENUS. 

In  Roman  mythology  the 
goddess  of  love,  the  queen  of 
laughter,  and  the  mistress  of 
the  graces  and  of  pleasures, 
daughter  of  Jupiter  and  Dione, 
and     mother     of     Cupid.     In 


Greek  mythology  she  is  identi- 
fied with  Aphrodite  (q.v.).  She 
is  represented  as  presiding  over 
flower-gardens  and  vines,  and 
is  worshipped  by  gardeners, 
vine-growers  and  florists.  She 
had  a  temple  built  in  her  honour 
in  the  Forum  by  Caesar  in  46 
B.C.  and  in  a.d.  135  Hadrian 
erected  a  double  temple  in 
her  honour  the  ruins  of  which 
may  still  be  seen.  When  Paris 
{q.v),  the  shepherd-prince  of 
Troy,  was  appointed  arbiter  to 
judge  which  of  the  three  god- 
desses (Juno,  Pallas  Athene, 
and  Venus)  was  the  most  beau- 
tiful, and  which  should  be 
awarded  the  golden  apple,  the 
prize  of  beauty,  Venus,  on 
appearing  before  him  promised 
him  as  a  bribe  the  most  beauti- 
ful woman  in  Greece  as  his  wife. 

Idalian  Aphrodite  beautiful, 

Fresh  as  the  foam,  new-bathed  in  Paphian 

wells, 
With  rosy  slender  fingers  backward  drew 
From  her  warm  brows  and  bosom  her  deep 

hair 
Ambrosial,  golden  round  her  lucid  throat 
And  shoulder ;  from  the  violets  her  light  foot 
Shone  rosy-white,  and  o'er  her  rounded  form 
Between  the  shadows  of  the  vine-bunches 
Floated  the  glowing  sunlights,  as  she  moved 
*  »  • 

She  with  a  subtle  smile  in  her  mild  eyes, 
The  herald  of  her  triumph  drawing  nigh . 
Half-whisper'd  in  his  ear, '  I  promise  thee 
The  fairest  and  most  loving  wife  in  Greece,' 
She  spoke  and  laugh'd  :  I  shut  my  sight  for 

fear  : 
But  when  I  look'd,  Paris  had  raised  his  haad 
And  I  beheld  great  Herd's  angry  eyes,* 
As  she  withdrew  into  the  golden  cloud,* 
And  I  was  left  alone  within  the  bower  ; 
And  from  that  time  to  this  I  am  alone, 
And  I  shall  be  alone  until  I  die. 

Paris    handed    the    apple    to 
Venus. 

Lucretius  ;  The  Princess  g 
Lover's  Tale ;  Locksley 
Hall  Sixty  Tears  After  ; 
The  Cup. 


VER] 


283 


[vnr 


VERAGUA. 

my  lord, 
I  swear  to  you  I  heard  his  voice  between 
The  thunders  in  the  black  Veragua  nights, 

A  region  in  the  western  part 
of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  It 
was  named  by  Columbus,  who 
discovered  it  in  1502,  and  who 
attempted  to  found  a  settle- 
ment there,  but  was  driven  off 
by  the  Indians. 

Columbus. 

VERULAM. 

The  title  of  the  barony  con- 
ferred on  Bacon  by  Elizabeth 
in   1618. 

Palace  of  Art  ;  The  Princess. 

VERULAM. 

The  Roman  name  for  the 
city  of  St.  Albans.  It  was 
identical  with  the  fortress  of 
Cassivellaunus  destroyed  by 
Caesar  in  54  b.c.  and  it  was 
captured  and  burnt  by  Boadicea 
(q.v.)  in  61  a.d. 

Boadicea. 


VESELAY. 

A  French  town. 

VICISTI  GALILZEE. 


Becket. 


Eve  after  eve  that  haggard  anchorite 
Would  haunt  the  desolated  fane,  and  there 
Gaze  at  the  ruin,  often  mutter  low 
'  Vicisti  Galilaee ' ;  louder  again, 
Spurning  a  shatter'd  fragment  of  the  God, 
'  Vicisti  Galilase  ! ' 

Has  reference  to  Julian,  called 
the  *  Apostate,'  emperor  of 
Rome  for  eighteen  months  from 
361-363  a.d.  On  becoming 
emperor  he  renounced  Christi- 
anity and  endeavoured  to  re- 
store paganism,  and  is  said  to 
have  persecuted  the  Christians 
although  there  is   no  evidence 


to  justify  it.  He  was  the 
author  of  several  works,  one  of 
which  was  in  opposition  to 
Christianity.  In  an  expedi- 
tion against  the  Persians  he  was 
wounded,  and  as  he  fell  from 
his  horse  in  a  fainting  condition,, 
he  exclaimed  :  '  Vicisti  Gali- 
laee  '    ('  Thou  hast    conquered, 

0  Galilean  ! ')  He  was  carried 
to  his  tent  and  died  the  same 
evening,  June  26,  363. 

St.  Telemachus. 

VICTORIA. 

Victoria, — since  your  Royal  grace 
To  one  of  less  desert  allows 
This  laurel  greener  from  the  brows 

Of  him  that  utter'd  nothing  base  ; 

Queen  Victoria. 

To  the  Queen. 
VIENNA. 

My  blood  an  even  tenor  kept, 
Till  on  mine  ear  this  me  sage  falls, 
That  in  Vienna's  fatal  walls 

God's  finger  touch 'd  him,  and  he  slept. 

Capital  of  the  Austrian-Hun- 
garian monarchy,  situated  on 
the  river  Danube. 

In  Memoriam. 

VILLA  GARCIA. 

One  of  the  men  who  tried  to 
induce  Cranmer  to  sign  and 
declare  the  queen's  right  to 
the  throne,  confess  his  faith 
before  all  hearers,  and  retract 
the  Eucharistic  doctrine.  He 
also  helped  with  Soto  to  take 
Cranmer  to  St.  Mary's  Church, 
and  with  the   choir  helped  ta 

1  strike  '  up  the  Nunc  Dimittus. 

Queen  Mary. 
VINE. 

A  climbing  plant  which  pro- 
duces the  grape,  of  the  genus 
Vitis. 

Queen     Mary  ;      Harold ,~ 


VIN] 


:84 


[VIV 


The  Cup  ;  Ode  to  Memory  ; 
Mariana  in  the  South ; 
(Enone  ;  Lotos  -  Eaters  ; 
Dream  of  Fair  Women ; 
Audley  Court  ;  Amphion  ; 
Aylmer's  Field  ;  The  Prin- 
cess ;  Ode  on  the  death  of  the 
Duke  of  Wellington  ;  Death 
of  (Enone ;  The  Daisy  ; 
The  Islet ;  The  Window  ; 
Romney's  Remorse ;  In 
Memoriam ;  Lancelot  and 
Elaine ;  Voyage  of  Mael- 
dune ;  Demeter  and  Per- 
sephone ;  To  E.  Fitzgerald  ; 
Tiresias. 

VINE-AN'-THE-HOP. 

An  inn  sign. 

Promise  of  May. 

VIOLET. 

One  of  the  staff  of  the  College 
for  women  founded  by  the 
princess  Ida. 

The  Princess. 

VIOLET. 

An  herbaceous  plant  and 
flower  of  the  genus  Viola,  of 
many  species. 

Adeline ;  (Enone ;  May 
Queen ;  Dream  of  Fair 
Women ;  Will  Water- 
proofs Lyrical  Monologue  ; 
Sir  Launcelot  and  Queen 
Guinevere  ;  Aylmer's  Field  ; 
The  Princess  ;  To  Rev.  F. 
D.  Maurice  ;  In  Memoriam  ; 
Maud ;  Lover's  Tale ; 
Progress  of  Spring  ;  Becket  ; 
The  Falcon ;  Promise  of 
May. 


VIPER. 

A  European  serpent  whose 
bite  is  venomous. 

The  Princess  ;    Merlin  and 
Vivien. 

VIRGIL. 

=  The  Latin  poet. 

To  Virgil ;   Poets  and  their 
Bibliographies ;  Queen 

Mary. 

VITUS  (Saint). 

A  Roman  saint  martyred 
under  Diocletian,  and  the  patron 
of  dances. 

The  Foresters. 

VIVIAN  (Sir  Walter). 

Sir  Walter  Vivian — a  gentle- 
man supposed  to  be  living  at 
Maidstone  Park,  when  in  1844 
a  festival  of  the  Mechanics'  In- 
stitution was  being  held  there, 
sir  Walter  himself  being  patron 
of  the  Institution.  His  house 
was  adorned  with  articles  col- 
lected from  all  quarters  of  the 
globe  and  all  eras  of  history. 
The  Princess. 

VIVIAN-PLACE. 

The    home    of     sir    Walter 
Vivian. 

The  Princess. 

VIVIEN. 

A  wanton  at  the  court  of 
king  Arthur,  who  hated  all  the 
knights.  She  was  an  orphan, 
her  father  having  been  killed 
in  battle,  and  her  mother  had 
died  upon  his  corpse  on  the 
battlefield.  She  went  to  queen 
Guinevere  to  ask  protection  and 
the  queen  took  her  as  one  of 


VOL] 


285 


[WAL 


her  maids,  where  she  tried 
without  success  to  seduce  the 
blameless  king.  With  Merlin 
(q.v)  she  had  better  success, 
for  under  pretence  of  great 
devotion,  she  followed  him  to 
the  wild  woods  of  Broceliande 
in   Brittany. 

A  storm  was  coming,  but  the  winds  were  still, 
And  in  the  wild  woods  of  Broceliande, 
Before  an  oak,  so  hollow,  huge  and  old 
It  look'd  a  tower  of  ivied  masonwork 
At  Merlin's  feet  the  wily  Vivien  lay. 

Being  pestered  with  her  he 
confided  to  her  the  secret  of  his 
magic  power,  whereupon  she 
confined  him  in  a  hollow  tower 
from  which  there  was  no 
escape. 

And  then  she  follow'd  Merlin  all  the  way, 
Ev'n  to  the  wild  woods  of  Broceliande. 
For  Merlin  once  had  told  her  of  a  charm, 
The  which  if  any  wrought  on  any  one 
With  woven  paces  and  with  waving  arms. 
The  man  so  wrought  on  ever  seem'd  to  lie 
Closed  in  the  four  walls  of  a  hollow  tower  , 
From  which  was  no  escape  for  evermore  ; 

Balin  and  Balan  ;    Merlin 
and  Vivien ;    Guinevere. 
VOLTIGEUR. 

Name  of  a  horse. 

Promise  of  May. 
VULCAN. 

In  Italian  mythology  the 
god  of  fire,  and  of  the  art  of 
forging,  identified  with  the 
Greek  Hephaestus.  A  temple 
was  built  in  his  honour  at  Rome, 
and  he  is  supposed  to  have  had 
a  forge  under  mount  Etna  where 
he  manufactured  thunderbolts. 
The  Princess. 
VULTURE. 

A  rapacious  bird  of  prey  of 
the  genus  Vultur,  feeding  largely 
on  carrion. 

You  might  have  won  ;    The 
Princess. 


WALES. 

Golden  Tear ;  Coming  of 
Arthur ;  Sir  John  Old- 
castle,  Lord  Cobham ; 
Harold. 

WALHALLA. 

In  Scandinavian  mythology 
the  Hall  of  the  Slain  ;  the  name 
of  the  residence  for  brave 
warriors  slain  in  battle  where 
they  were  conveyed  by  the  war- 
rior nymphs,  the  Valkyries  (q.v.). 
Harold. 
WALNUT. 

A  tree  and  its  fruit  of  the 
genus  Jugians. 

Miller's  Daughter;  The  Cup, 

WALTER. 

Married  Miriam  Erne,  cousin 
of  Muriel  Erne.  Before  they 
were  married  Walter  gave 
Miriam  a  ring  supposed  to  be 
possessed  with  magic  power. 

then  I  bad  the  man  engrave 
'  From  Walter '  on  the  ring,  and  send  it. 

The  Ring. 
WALTER. 

The  lover  of  Olivia,  and  to 
whom  the  oak-tree  supposed  to 
be  gifted  with  speech  gave  an 
account  of  the  doings  of  Olivia 
during  his  absence.  In  return 
for  the  information  given  he 
vowed  that  Olivia  should  wear 
on  her  wedding  day  a  wreath 
of  alternate  leaf  and  acorn  ball. 
Talking  Oak. 

WALTER. 
WALTER  LEA. 

Son  of  sir  Richard  Lea,  and 
brother  of  Maid  Marian. 

The  Foresters. 


WAL] 


286 


[WAR 


WALTER. 

WALTER   VIVIAN.     See  Vivian. 

WALTER  MAP. 

A  twelfth  century  writer, 
probably  born  in  Herefordshire. 
Was  an  intimate  friend  of  arch- 
bishop Becket.  After  studying 
at  the  University  of  Paris, 
entered  the  service  of  Henry 
II,  and  acted  as  chaplain  to  the 
king  during  the  wars  brought 
about  by  the  rebellion  of 
Henry's  sons.  Represented 
Henry  at  the  court  of  Louis 
VII  and  attended  the  council 
at  the  Lateran  at  Rome  in  1179. 
For  some  time  was  parson 
at  Westbury,  where  he  came 
in  conflict  with  the  monks  of 
the  neighbouring  Cistercian 
monastery.  Canon  of  St. 
Paul's  and  Chancellor  of  Lin- 
coln, and  in  1197  was  appointed 
archdeacon  of  Oxford.  He  was 
the  author  of  Latin  Satirical 
Poems  against  the  priesthood. 
Becket. 
WALTHAM. 

the  Holy  Rood 
That  bow'd  to  me  at  Waltham — 

Waltham  Holy  Cross  was 
founded  by  Tovi,  standard- 
bearer  to  king  Canute,  and 
finished  by  king  Harold  in  1060. 
Gasquet  in  his  Greater  Abbeys 
of  England  says  : 

The  first  foundation  at  Waltham,  and  in- 
deed the  adoption  of  the  name  of  '  Holy 
Cross '  as  the  dedication,  was  brought  about, 
according  to  legend,  in  a  mysterious  manner. 
In  the  reign  of  king  Canute  a  pious  smith,  so 
runs  the  story,  received  a  supernatural  intima- 
tion that  he  would  find  a  crucifix  buried  on 
the  hill  at  Montacut?,  in  Somerset.  The 
parish  priest  was  consulted  and  thought  the 
matter  should  be  examined  into  at  once.  At 
the  head  of  a  procession,  praying  and  singing 
the  Litanies,  this  priest  accompanied  the 
^mith  to  the  spot  which  had  been  pointed 


out  to  him  in  his  dream  and  which,  when  on 
the  ground,  he  fully  recognized.  Here,  after 
much  digging,  the  searchers  came  upon  a 
wonderful  crucifix  carved  in  black  marble . 
The  discovery  naturally  made  a  great  im- 
pression at  the  time ,  and  indeed,  the  fact 
suggested  the  war  cry  of  the  English  at  the 
battle  of  Senlac  :  '  Holy  Cross,  out,  out ! ' 
The  lord  of  the  manor  of  Montacute  at  the 
time  of  the  discovery  was  named  Tovi,  a 
well-known  soldier  who  was  standard-bearer  to 
king  Canute.  By  his  direction  the  crucifix 
was  placed  on  an  ornamented  car,  to  which 
were  harnessed  twelve  red  oxen  and  twelve 
white  cows,  and  the  ultimate  destination  was 
left  to  their  instincts,  guided,  of  course,  by 
Providence.  The  spot  at  which  they  ulti- 
mately stopped,  and  which  was  thus  pointed 
out  by  fate  as  the  place  where  the  cross  was 
to  remain,  was  Waltham.  .  .  .  Here  Tovi, 
with  the  king's  help,  established  two  priests 
to  act  as  guardians  of  the  crucifix  thus  so 
strangely  fmnd  at  Montacute  and  provi- 
dentially brought  to  Waltham.  From  the 
first  this  cross  was  believed  to  possess  miracu- 
lous powers,  and  amongst  other  favours 
thought  to  have  been  obtained  at  its  shrine 
was  the  cure  of  Harold,  son  of  earl  Godwin, 
from  the  palsy. 

On  his  way  to  the  battle  of 
Senlac  Harold  came  to  Wal- 
tham to  pay  a  visit  to  the  shrine 
and  offer  up  his  devotions  at  the 
great  Cross.  His  body,  found 
on  the  field  of  battle,  was  by 
William  ordered  to  be  buried 
there,  but  at  the  request  of  his 
mother  was  transferred  to  Wal- 
tham and  buried  in  the  Abbey. 
Harold. 


WALWORTH. 


Queen  Mary. 


WANSTEAD. 

A  town  in  Essex. 

Queen  Mary. 

WARD. 

Farewell,  whose  living  like  I  shall  not  find, 
Whose  Faith  and  Work  were  bells  of  fnll 
accord, 

My  friend,  the  most  unworldly  of  mankind, 
Most  generous  of  all  Ultramontanes,  Ward, 

William  George  Ward,  to 
whom  the  poem  is  dedicated. 
A  zealous  advocate  of  the  Trac- 
tarian  movement,  he  carried  it 
out  in  principle  by  joining   in 


WAR] 


287 


[WHA 


1845      the      Roman      Catholic 
Church  (181 2-1882). 

In     Memoriam,     William 
George  Ward. 
WAR-HAWK. 

Battle  of  Brunanburh. 
WASP. 

A  hymenopterous  insect  of 
the  genus  Vespa  whose  sting 
is  very  painful. 

The  Princess. 
WATERFLAG. 

Reeds,  with  long  leaves,  that 
wave  like  flags  in  the  wind. 
Morte    d?  Arthur  ;  Passing  of 
Arthur. 
WATERFOWL. 

A  bird  that  frequents  the 
water. 

Merlin  and  Vivien. 

WATER-GATE. 

Storm  at  the  Water-gate  !  storm  at  the  Bailey- 
gate  !  storm, 

Defence  of  Lucknow. 

WATER-GNAT. 

An  insect  whose  early  stages 
are  passed  in  ponds,  ditches, 
and  shallow  pools. 

Leonine  Elegiacs. 

WATER-LILY. 

A  plant  of  the  genus  Nymph- 
a?a>  with  large  floating  leaves 
and    beautiful  flowers. 

Lady     of      Shalott ;       The 
Princess. 
WATERLOO. 

ss  Battle  of  Waterloo. 
Will  Waterproofs  Lyrical 
Monologue ;  Ode  on  the 
Death  of  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington ;  Sisters  (Evelyn  and 
Edith). 


WAYFARING-TREE. 

A  European  shrub  having 
large  ovate  leaves  and  small 
white  flowers. 

Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cobham. 

WEASEL. 

A  small  quadruped  of  the 
genus  Mustela  which  feeds  on 
birds  and  mice. 

Aylmer's  Field;  The  Prin- 
cess ;  Gareth  and  Lynette  ; 
Promise  of  May. 

WEEDY  SEAS. 

ss  the    Sargasso    Sea,    where 
masses  of  seaweed  accumulate. 
Columbus. 

WELLS  (Dean  of). 

Queen  Mary. 

WESSEX. 

The  kingdom  of  the  West 
Saxons. 

Harold. 

WESTMINSTER  (City  of). 

Harold;  Becket. 

WESTMINSTER  (Bishop  of).     See 
Thirlby. 

WEST-SAXON-LAND. 

Also  the  brethren, 
King  and  Atheling, 
Each  in  his  glory, 
Went  to  his  own  in  his  own  West-Saxon-land, 
Glad  of  the  war. 

Battle  of  Brunanburh. 

WHALE. 

A  mammal  of  the  order 
Cetacea,  hunted  chiefly  for 
its  oil  and  whalebone. 

Harold. 

WHARTON    (Lady     Anne).    See 
Anne,  Anne  Wharton. 


WHI]  2 

WHITE      (Sir      Thomas).       See 
Thomas  White. 

WHITE  HORSE. 

and  as  now 
Men  weed  the  white  horse  on  the  Berkshire 

hills 
To  keep  him  bright  and  clean  as  heretofore, 

See  Berkshire. 

Geraint  and  Enid. 

WHITE  ROSE. 

Name  of  a  horse. 

The  Brook. 
WHITETHORN. 

=  the  hawthorn. 

Queen  Mary. 

WICKENTREE. 

=  the  mountain-ash  or  rowan- 


tree. 


The  Foresters. 


WICLIF. 

John  Wiclif,  the  '  morning 
star  of  the  Reformation.'  In 
1 361  appointed  Master  of 
Balliol  College  and  four  years 
afterwards  was  made  Warden 
of  Canterbury  hall  by  arch- 
bishop Islip,  but  deprived  by 
Islip's  successor  Stephen  Lang- 
ton  at  the  instigation  of  the 
monks,  who  were  angry  with 
him  for  exposing  their  corrupt 
lives.  In  1374  ne  was  pre- 
ferred by  the  crown  to  the 
rectory  of  Lutterworth,  and  for 
openly  preaching  against  the 
corruption  of  the  Roman  Church 
pope  Gregory  XI  issued  several 
bulls  charging  him  with  heresy 
and  he  was  summoned  to  appear 
at  St.  Paul's  by  the  bishop  of 
London,  where  he  made  such 
an  able  defence  of  himself  that 
the  council  broke  up  without 


!  [WIC 

coming    to     a     decision.     The 
pope,  however,   issued    a  series 
of  bulls  to  the  bishops  bidding 
them    to   arrest    and    imprison 
Wiclif,  with  a  consequence  that 
he  was  ordered  to  appear  be- 
fore    a     synod     in     the     arch- 
bishop's   palace    at    Lambeth,, 
which  synod  was  prohibited  by 
an  order  from  the  king's  mother. 
At  this  time  the  Roman  Church 
was    shaken  by  the  election  of 
a    second    pope,    and    Wiclif,, 
taking  advantage,  struck  at  the 
constitution     of     the     Roman 
Church      and      denounced     in 
vigorous   language   its   corrupt- 
ness.    He  translated  the  Bible  ; 
organized  a  body  of  poor  priests 
who  went  through  the  country 
preaching    and    spreading    his 
doctrines.     In  1380  he  declared 
against  the  doctrine  of  transub- 
stantiation,   but  his  theses  were 
condemned  by  a  convocation  at 
Oxford,   who    forbade    him    to 
teach  them   in  the  university. 
Two     years     later     archbishop 
Courtenay       condemned       his 
opinions  and  his  followers  were 
arrested  and  compelled  to  re- 
cant.    Wiclif  withdrew  to  Lut- 
terworth, where  in   spite   of   a 
stroke     of    paralysis     he     con- 
tinued    his     literary     activity. 
He  died  on  December  31, 1384, 
and  in  1428  his  bones  were  dug 
up  and  burned,  and  his  ashes 
thrown    into    the    river    Swift, 
close  by  the  town  where  he  had 
laboured  so  long  (1 320-1 384). 
Sir  John  Oldcastle, 
Lord  Cobham. 


WIL] 

WILD-SWAN. 

A  large  bird,  measuring  five 
feet  in  length  and  eight  across 
its  expanded  wings.  These 
birds  fly  in  a  wedgelike  figure, 
following  the  course  set  them 
by  their  '  leader.' 

The  leader  wild-swan  in  among  the  stars 
Would  clang  it, 

Poet's  Song  ;  The  Princess. 

WILD  WEED-FLOWER. 

Day-Dream. 

WILD  WILL. 

Name  of  a  horse. 

The  Brook. 
WILLER. 

=  the  willow. 

Promise  of  May. 

WILLIAM. 

With  farmer  Allan  at  the  farm  abode 
William  and  Dora. 

Son  of  farmer  Allan. 

Dora. 
WILLIAM. 
WILLIAM  HOWARD. 

Eldest  son  of  Thomas  How- 
ard, second  duke  of  Norfolk  ; 
governor  of  Calais  1552-53  ; 
and  lord  high  admiral  1554-73  ; 
was  created  a  peer  for  his 
defence  of  London  against 
sir  Thomas  Wyatt  in  1554. 
Queen  Mary. 

WILLIAM  THE  FIRST. 
WILLIAM  THE  CONQUEROR. 

King  of  England,  son  of 
Robert  I,  duke  of  Normandy, 
whom  he  succeeded  in  1035. 
In  1 05 1  he  visited  the  English 
Court,  and  received  from  Ed- 
ward the  Confessor  a  promise 
that  he  should  succeed  him  as 


289 


[WIL 


king,  and  in  1064,  during  earl 
Harold's    visit    to    the    French 
Court   he  made   him  swear  to 
help  him  to  gain   the  English 
crown.     On  the  death  of  Ed- 
ward   the    Confessor     Harold 
was    proclaimed    king,    and    in 
September    1066    William     in- 
vaded   England,    and    in    the 
following  month  of  the    same 
year    defeated    Harold    at    the 
battle   of    Senlac,   marched    to 
London    and    was    crowned    in 
Westminster  Abbey  on  December 
25,   1066.     He  ruled  with  great 
tyranny,     in     consequence     of 
which  several  insurrections  took 
place,  which  were  not  quelled 
until    William    had    devastated 
various    parts   of   the   country 
with  fire  and  sword.     He   in- 
stituted the  curfew  and  made 
a  survey  of  all  the  lands  in  the 
kingdom  known   as  the  Domes- 
day Book.     In  1070  an  insurrec- 
tion  broke  out  in  the   Isle  of 
Ely    under    the    leadership    of 
Here  ward     the     Wake.     Eight 
years  later  he  built  the  Tower 
of  London,  and  having  entered 
upon    a    war    with    Philip     of 
France,  he  attacked  and  burned 
in    1087    the   city  of    Mantes. 
As  he  rode  through  the  burning 
town  his   horse    stumbled,  and 
he    received    an    injury    from 
which  he  died  on  September  9 
of    the    same    year.     He    was; 
buried  at  Caen. 

Queen    Mary  ;      Becket  ; 
Harold. 
WILLIAM  OF  ORANGE. 

A  member  of  the  noble  house 


WIL] 


290 


[WIL 


of  Nassau,  who  inherited  from 
his  cousin  the  principality  of 
Orange.  Owing  to  the  perse- 
cution of  Protestants  in  the 
Netherlands  took  up  arms  in 
defence  of  his  country's  freedom 
against  the  tyranny  of  Philip 
of  Spain,  and  did  not  rest 
until  he  had  freed  it  from  the 
Spanish  yoke.  In  1580  Philip 
issued  a  ban  against  him,  and 
set  a  price  of  25,000  gold 
crowns  upon  his  head,  and  on 
July  10  he  was  assassinated  in 
his  house  at  Delft  by  Balthazar 
Gerard  (15  3  3-1 5 84). 

Queen  Mary. 

WILLIAMS  (Lord,  of  Thame). 

Whereat  Lord  Williams  gave  a  sudden  cry  : 
'  Make  short !  make  short ! '  and  so  they  lit 
the  wood. 

Son  of  sir  John  Williams .  On 
the  death  of  Edward  VI  he 
became  a  supporter  of  Mary's 
cause,  proclaimed  her  at  Ox- 
ford, and  raised  some  six  thou- 
sand men  in  Northamptonshire 
to  support  her  cause.  He  had 
the  custody  of  the  princess 
Elizabeth  at  Woodstock,  until 
she  was  transferred  to  the 
keeping  of  sir  Henry  Beding- 
field.  As  Sheriff  of  Oxford- 
shire he  conveyed  Cranmer, 
Latimer  and  Ridley  to  Oxford 
to  await  their  trial,  and  was 
present  at  their  execution.  On 
account  of  the  kindness  he  had 
shown  to  Elizabeth  during  the 
time  she  was  in  his  custody, 
he  was  on  her  accession  ap- 
pointed to  attend  her  to  Lon- 
don in  1558,  and  soon  after- 
wards    was      appointed     Lord 


President  of  Wales.  He  died 
in  1559,  at  Ludlow  Castle,  and 
was  buried  in  the  parish  church 
at  Thame. 

Queen  Mary. 

WILLIAM    THE    SILENT.     See 
William  of  Orange. 

WILLOW.       , 

A  tree  or  shrub  of  the  genus 
Salix,  including  many  species. 
Dying  Swan ;  Lady  of 
Shalott ;  Mariana  in  the 
South ;  Walking  to  the 
Mail  ;  Amfhion  ;  In  Me- 
moriam ;  Merlin  and  the 
Gleam. 

WILLOW-HERB. 

A  perennial  herb  with  narrow 
willowlike  leaves  and  rose- 
purple  flowers. 

Promise  of  May. 

WILLOWS   (James).     See  James 
Willows. 

WILLOW-WEED. 

A  plant  which  grows  on 
marshy  or  moist  soils. 

The  Brook. 

WILLY. 

An  old  grandmother  of  re- 
ligious frame  of  mind,  as  her 
memory  travels  back,  felt  that 
the  spirits  of  her  dead  sons,  of 
whom  Willy  was  one,  were 
about  her  in  the  kitchen,  and 
lost  all  sense  of  time  and  loss, 
in  looking  forward  towards  her 
own  end  with  restful  expecta- 
tion. Willy  was  her  eldest 
born,  and  the  flower  of  her 
flock,  and  the  news  of  his  death 


WBL] 


had  been  brought  to  her  by  a 
little  girl  named  Annie,  to 
whom  in  reply,  she  said  : — 

I  ought  to  have  gone  before  him  :  I  wonder 

he  went  so  young, 
I  cannot  cry  for  him,  Annie  ;  I  have  not  long 

to  stay  ; 

She  could  not  weep  for  Willy, 
but  looked  forward  to  a  happy 
reunion  with  her  husband  and 
all  her  children,  as  she  said  : 

I,  too,  shall  go  in  a  minute. 

Grandmother. 

WILLY. 

Son  of  the  speaker  in  the 
poem.  The  woman  when  on  her 
deathbed  related  to  another 
woman,  the  story  of  her  son's 
crime.  She  blamed  others  for 
his  sin  : 

But  he  lived  with  a  lot  of  wild  mates,  and 
i  they  never  would  let  him  be  good  ; 

He  robbed  the  mail  as  an 
act  of  daring,  and  was  hanged 
in  chains.  His  mother  stole 
his  bones  from  the  prison-yard 
and  buried  them  in  the  night 
by  the  churchyard  wall.  She 
contrasts  the  actions  of  the 
lawyer  with  that  of  the  Saviour. 

For  the  lawyer  is  born  but  to  murder — the 
Saviour  lives  but  to  bless. 

Rizpah. 

WILSON. 

A  schoolmaster. 

Promise  of  May. 
WINCHESTER  (Bishop  of). 

Queen  Mary. 

WINCHESTER   (Henry   of).    See 
Henry  of  Winchester. 

WIND-HOVER. 

=  the  Kestrel,  a  bird  of  the 
hawk  kind,  so   called   from  its 


291  [WOL 

hovering  in  the  wind  over  one 
spot  without  fluttering  its 
wings . 

Aylmer's  Field,. 


WINDSOR. 


WINNIE. 


Queen  Mary. 


Minnie  and  Winnie 

Slept  in  a  shell. 
Sleep,  little  ladies ! 

And  they  slept  well. 

Minnie  and  Winnie. 

WIT  AN. 

=  Witenagemot :  the  Na- 
tional Council  of  England  in 
Anglo-Saxon  times. 

Harold. 

WITCH-ELM. 

The  drooping  broad-leaved 
elm  of  Scotland. 

In  Memoriam. 

WODEN.    See  Odin. 

WOLF. 

An  animal  of  the  genus 
Canis,  allied  to  the  dog. 

Aylmer's  Field  ;  The  Prin- 
cess ;  Boadicea ;  Maud ; 
Coming  of  Arthur ;  Ger- 
aint  and  Enid  ;  Balin  and 
Balan  ;  Merlin  and  Vivien; 
Pelleas  and  Ettarre  ; 
Northern  Cobbler  ;  Sir  John 
Oldcastle,  Lord  Cobham ; 
Battle  of  Brunanburh  ;  For- 
lorn ;  Queen  Mary  ;  Harold  ; 
Becket;  %The  Cup;  The 
Foresters. 

WOLSELEY. 

Field-Marshal  viscount  Wolse- 
ley,  eldest  son  of  Major  Garnet 
Joseph    Wolseley.     He    served 


WOO] 


292 


[WOR 


in  the  Burmese  War,  the 
Crimea,  the  Indian  Mutiny — 
being  present  at  the  relief  of 
Lucknow — in  the  Chinese  war, 
and  afterwards  in  Canada,  and 
in  1873  was  appointed  in  com- 
mand of  the  punitive  expedition 
to  the  Gold  Coast  against  the 
Ashantis.  On  the  outbreak  of 
the  rebellion  in  Egypt  in  1882 
he  was  appointed  in  command  of 
the  expedition,  and  after  fight- 
ing several  engagements  with 
the  enemy,  advanced  to  Tel-el- 
Kebir,  where  on  September  13, 
1882,  he  completely  routed  the 
Tebels  under  Arabi  Pasha  (q-v.). 

You  saw  the  league-long  rampart-fire 

Flare  from  Tel-el-  Kebir 
Thro'  darkness,  and  the  foe  was  driven, 

And  Wolseley  overthrew 
Arabi,  and  the  stars  in  heaven 

Paled,  and  the  glory  grew. 

Ten  years  later  he  proceeded 
again  to  Egypt  in  command 
of  an  expedition  for  the  relief 
of  general  Gordon  at  Khartoum, 
but  arrived  too  late  to  effect  its 
object.     He  died  on  March  25, 

I913(i833-i913)- 

Prologue  to  General  Hamley. 

WOODBINE. 

=  a  climbing  plant ;  the 
honeysuckle. 

Promise  of  May  ;  A  Dirge  ; 
My  life  is  full ;  Talking 
Oak  ;  Day-Dream  ;  In  Me- 
moriam ;  Spinster's  Sweet- 
Arts  ;   Promise  of  May. 

WOODCOCK. 

A  bird  belonging  to  the 
genera  Scolopax  and  Philohela, 
allied  to  the  snipe. 

Balin  and  Balan. 


WOOD-DEVIL. 

Balin  and  Balan. 

WOOD-DOVE. 

=  the  wild  dove. 

Balin  and  Balan. 

WOOD-LOUSE. 

=  a  terrestrial  isopod  of  the 
family  Oniscida. 

The  Window. 
WOODPECKER. 

A  bird  of  the  order  Picaria, 
with  a  strong  chisel-like  bill, 
with  which  it  is  able  to  drill 
holes  in  the  bark  and  wood 
of  trees. 

Kate  ;    The  Princess  ;  Pro- 
gress of  Spring. 
WOODSTOCK. 

Was  a  royal  residence  when 
the  Domesday  Survey  was 
made.  It  was  the  scene  of 
Henry  IPs  courtship  of  Rosa- 
mond de  Clifford.  Queen 
Elizabeth  was  a  prisoner  here 
from  May  1554  to  May  1555, 
and  after  her  accession  to  the 
throne  visited  it  in  1556  and 
again  in  1575.  After  the  battle 
of  Blenheim  the  manor  of 
Woodstock  was  bestowed  in 
perpetuity  on  John  duke  of 
Marlborough. 

Queen  Mary. 

WORKS  AND  DAYS. 

Landscape-lover,  lord  of  language  more  than 
he  that  sang  the  Works  and  Days, 

The  name  of  a  poem  by 
Hesiod,  the  Greek  poet,  the 
earliest  didactic  poem  known 
to  us  in  Greek. 

To  Virgil. 
WORMS. 

A    city    and    capital    of   the 


WRE] 


293 


[YNI 


province  of  Rhine-Hesse,  on  the 
river  Rhine. 

Queen  Mary. 

WREN. 

A  species  of    small    bird  be- 
longing to  the  genus  Troglodytes. 
Golden   Year ;     The    Win- 
dow ;   Marriage  of  Geraint. 

WRIGGLESBY  BECK. 

Northern  Farmer ',  New  Style. 

WRIT,  HOLY.    See  Holy  Writ. 

WULFNOTH. 

Son  of  Godwin,  and  brother 
of  king  Harold. 

Harold. 

WYATT      (Sir     Thomas).       See 
Thomas  Wyatt. 

WYCLIFFE   (John).    See   Wiclif. 

WYE. 

A  river  in  south  Wales. 

In  Memoriam. 

WYVERN. 

An  heraldic  device  in  shape  of 
a  dragon  with  expanded  wings. 
Aylmer's  Field  ;  Holy  Grail. 

XANTHUS. 

A  river  of  Troas. 

Specimen  of  a    Translation 
of  the  Iliad  in  Blank  Verse. 

YABBOK  BROOK. 

Clear-headed  Friend. 

YAFFINGALE. 

=  the     green      woodpecker, 
noted  for  its  loud  laughing  note. 

And  hear  the  garnet-headed  yaffingale 
Mock  them  : 

Last  Tournament. 


YEW. 
YEW-TREE. 

An  evergreeen  tree  of  the 
genus  Taxus,  allied  to  the  pine. 
Love  and  Death ;  Two 
Voices ;  Amfhion ;  The 
Letters  ;  Enoch  Arden  ;  The 
Princess  ;  In  Memoriam  ; 
Lancelot  and  Elaine  ;  Dedi- 
catory Poem  to  the  Princess 
Alice  ;  The  Flight ;  Walking 
to  the  Mail ;  Holy  Grail ; 
Promise  of  May ;  The 
Foresters. 

YGERNE. 

Wife  of  Gorlois,  lord  of 
Tintagel  Castle.  She  was  a 
beautiful  woman,  and  at  a 
festival  of  the  Round  Table 
Uther  fell  in  love  with  her,  and 
upon  Ulfin  revealing  it  to  her 
she  told  her  husband  Gorlois, 
who  locked  her  up  in  the  im- 
pregnable fortress  of  Tintagel, 
and  gathering  together  an 
army,  fought  against  Uther,  but 
was  defeated  and  slain.  Ygerne 
then  became  the  wife  of  Uther 
and  subsequently  the  mother  of 
king  Arthur. 

Coming  of  Arthur. 

YNIOL. 

An  earl  of  decayed  fortune 
and  the  father  of  Enid,  wife  of 
sir  Geraint.  He  was  ousted 
from  his  earldom  by  his  nephew 
Edyrn,  who  attempted  to  win 
his  daughter,  but  was  unsuccess- 
ful. Edyrn,  however,  being 
overthrown  in  a  tournament  by 


YOR] 


294 


[ZUR 


sir   Geraint,   the    earldom   was 
restored  to  him. 

Marriage  of  Geraint  ;   Ger- 
aint  and  Enid. 

YORK. 

And  York's  white  rose  as  red  as  Lancaster's 

as  Wars  of  the  Roses  between 
the  houses  of  York  and  Lan- 
caster. 

Aylmer's  Field. 

YORK  (Archbishop). 

Becket. 

YORK  (Archbishoprick). 

Becket. 

YORK  (City  of). 

Queen    Mary  ;     Harold  ; 
The  Foresters. 

YORK  (County  of). 

Edwin  Morris  ;  Aylmer's  Field. 

ZERUBBABEL. 

The  Christian  name  of  a  man 
called  Sanders  (q.v.),  who  lived 


in  Cornhill  at  the  Sign  of  the 
Talbot. 

Queen  Mary. 

ZEUS. 

In  Greek  mythology  the 
lord  of  Heaven,  identified  with 
the    Italian    Jupiter    (q.v.). 

Achilles  over  the  Trench. 

ZOROASTRIAN. 

A  follower  of  Zoroaster,  the 
prophet  of  the  ancient  Persians. 
Akbar's  Dream. 

ZUINGLIUS. 

The  ghosts  of  Luther  and  Zuinglius  fade 
Into  the  deathless  hell  which  is  their  doom 
Before  my  star ! 

Has  reference  to  Zuingli,  the 
Swiss  reformer. 


Queen  Mary. 


ZURICH. 


Cranmer.    To  Strasburg,  Antwerp   Frank- 
fort, Zurich,  Worms, 
Geneva,  Basle — our  Bishops  from  their  sees 
Or  fled,  they  say,  or  flying — 

A  town  in  Switzerland,   and 
capital  of  the  Canton  of  Zurich. 
Queen  Mary. 


LIST   OF   AUTHORITIES    AND    OF    WORKS 
CONSULTED  AND  QUOTED 

Abbott,  Dr.  Evelyn.     History  of  Greece. 
Alfred  Lord  Tennyson.     A  Memoir,  by  his  son. 
Allen,  Grant.     Anglo-Saxon  Britain. 
Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,  The. 

Arthurian  Chronicles,  represented  by  Wace  and  Layamon. 
Bible,  The. 

Brewer,  Rev.  Dr.  E.  C.     Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fable. 
Brewer,  Rev.  Dr.  E.  C.     Reader's  Handbook. 
Burns,  Robert.     Poetical  Works. 
Byron,  Lord.     Poetical  Works. 
Campbell,  Thomas.     Pleasures  of  Hope. 
Cervantes,  Miguel  de.     Don  Quixote. 
Chambers,  R.  Editor.     Book  of  Days. 
Chambers's  Encyclopaedia. 
Conybeare,  Edward.     Roman  Britain. 
Cowper,  William.    Poetical  Works. 
Darwin,  Erasmus.     Botanic  Garden. 
Dictionary  of  National  Biography. 
Drayton,  Michael.     Polyolbion. 
Dryden,  John.     Poetical  Works. 
Encyclopaedia  Britannica. 
Freeman,  Dr.  E.  A.    Norman  Conquest. 

Froissart,  Sir  John.     Chronicles  of  England,  France,  Spain,  etc. 
Froude,  James  Anthony.     History  of  England. 
Fuller,  Rev.  Thomas.    Worthies  of  England. 
Gardiner,  Dr.  Samuel  R.     History  of  England. 
Geoffrey  of  Monmouth. 

Guerber,  H.  A.     Myths  and  Legends  of  the  Middle  Ages. 
Guest,  Lady  Charlotte.     The  Mabinogion. 
Harmsworth's  Encyclopaedia. 
Haydn's  Dictionary  of  Dates. 
Homer.     The  Iliad  and  Odyssey. 
Hunt,  Rev.  William.     Norman  Britain. 
Irving,  Washington.     Life  of  Columbus. 

295 


296 

Kirtlan,  Rev.  E.  J.  B.     Sir  Gawain  and  the  Green  Knight. 

Lempriere,  Dr.  J.     Classical  Dictionary. 

Liddell,  Dr.  Henry  G.     History  of  Rome. 

Littledale,  Prof.  H.     Essays  on  Lord  Tennyson's  Idylls  of  the  King, 

Macmillan's  Modern  Languages  and  Literature  Series. 

Malory,  Sir  Thomas.     Morte  d'Arthur. 

Milton,  John.     Poetical  Works. 

Nennius.     Six  Chronicles. 

Nuttall   Encyclopaedia,   The.     Edited  by  Rev.  James  Wood. 

Pepys,  Samuel.     Diary  of. 

Percy,  Thomas.     Reliques  of  Ancient  English  Poetry. 

Pope,  Alexander.    Poetical  Works. 

Rawnsley,  Rev.  Canon.     Memories  of  the  Tennysons. 

Rhys,  Dr.  J.     Celtic  Britain. 

Ritson,  Joseph.     Robin  Hood. 

Rollin,  Prof.  Charles.     Ancient  History. 

Seyffert,  Dr.  Oskar.  Dictionary  of  Classical  Antiquities,  Mythology, 
Religion,  Literature  and  Art. 

Shakespeare,  William.    Works. 

Sloane,  Sir  Hans.     Manuscript. 

Spenser,  Edmund.     Poetical  Works. 

Tappan,  Eva  M.     Heroes  of  the  Middle  Ages. 

Turner,  Sharon.     History  of  the  Anglo-Saxons. 

Wagner,  Dr.  W.  Epics  and  Romances  of  the  Middle  Ages.  Trans- 
lated by  W.  M.  Macdowall. 

Webster's  International  Dictionary. 

Wordsworth,  William.    Poetical  Works. 


Printed  in  England 
by  Butler  &  Tanner,  Selwood  Printing  Works,  Frome,  Somerset. 


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